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Relationship Substance Framework
The relationship substance framework is a conceptual model for understanding business-to-business (B2B) relationships, developed and championed by the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group or International Marketing and Purchasing Group (abbreviated IMP Group) is a European research initiative in the field of Industrial marketing established in 1976 by researchers from different countries ... (IMP Group) and adopted particularly in Scandinavian studies of industrial practice. The IMP Group have proposed that all business relationships are made up of three layers - actor bonds, resource ties and activity links. These may be defined as follows: *Actor bonds: factors which connect actors - 'the buyer', 'the seller' - and influence how they perceive each other and form their identities in relation to each other; *Resource ties: connections between the various resource elements (technological, material, knowledge resources and other inta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conceptual Model
A conceptual model is a representation of a system. It consists of concepts used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents. In contrast, physical models are physical object such as a toy model that may be assembled and made to work like the object it represents. The term may refer to models that are formed after a conceptualization or generalization process. Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social. Semantic studies are relevant to various stages of concept formation. Semantics is basically about concepts, the meaning that thinking beings give to various elements of their experience. Overview Models of concepts and models that are conceptual The term ''conceptual model'' is normal. It could mean "a model of concept" or it could mean "a model that is conceptual." A distinction can be made between ''what models are'' and ''what models are made of''. With the exception of iconic model ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB) is a situation where one business makes a commercial transaction with another. This typically occurs when: * A business is sourcing materials for their production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output. * A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances). * A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer). B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C). In B2B commerce, it is often the case that the parties to the relationship have comparable negotiating power, and even when they do not, each party typically involves professional staff and legal counsel in the negotiation of terms, whereas B2C is shaped to a far greater degree by economic impli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Marketing And Purchasing Group
The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group or International Marketing and Purchasing Group (abbreviated IMP Group) is a European research initiative in the field of Industrial marketing established in 1976 by researchers from different countries and universities in Europe. It has evolved into an "informal international group of scholars concerned with developing concepts and knowledge in the field of business-to-business marketing and purchasing." The group is also called the Nordic school of marketing. History In 1976 the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group started as a joint research project of scientists for the Swedish University of Uppsala, the British University of Bath and University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, the French Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Lyon (now EMLYON Business School), and the German Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The IMP Group (2010) explained: The first IMP Group research project was developed on the basis of empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandinavia
Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also refer more narrowly to the Scandinavian Peninsula (which excludes Denmark but includes part of Finland), or more broadly to include all of Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. The geography of the region is varied, from the Norwegian fjords in the west and Scandinavian mountains covering parts of Norway and Sweden, to the low and flat areas of Denmark in the south, as well as archipelagos and lakes in the east. Most of the population in the region live in the more temperate southern regions, with the northern parts having long, cold, winters. The region became notable during the Viking Age, when Scandinavian peoples participated in large scale raiding, conquest, colonization and trading mostly throughout Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Håkan Håkansson
Håkan Håkansson (born 1947) is a Swedish organizational theorist, and Professor of International Management at the BI Norwegian Business School, known for his work on business networks. Biography Håkansson attended the Technical High School in Örebro, where he graduated as engineer in 1967. He obtained his BS in Business Administration in 1970 at the Uppsala University, where in 1975 he also obtained his PhD in Business AdministrationHÅKAN HÅKANSSON. VITA at bi.no. Accessed 29.01.2015 with the thesis, entitled "Studies in Industrial Purchasing with special reference to Determinants of Communication Patterns." In 1970 Håkansson started his academic career at the Department of Business Studies of the |
Ivan Snehota
Ivan Snehota (1946-2022) was an Italian organizational theorist, consultant, and Professor of Marketing at the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the University of Lugano, known for his work in the field of business networks with Håkan Håkansson and others. Biography Snehota obtained his PhD in Business Administration at the University of Uppsala in 1990 with the thesis, entitled "Notes on a Theory of Business Enterprise."Baraldi, Enrico, et al.IMP2007 Conference" Snehota started his academic career as lecturer at the University of Uppsala from 1971 to 1979. After his graduation he returned to Italy, where he worked in industry in management positions and as management consultant until 1990. In that period he was also lecturer in Marketing at the SDA Bocconi School of Management and at the University of Turin business school. In 1991 he returned to the University of Uppsala as Associate Professor, and in 1996 moved to the Stockholm School of Economics where he was coordinator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lars-Erik Gadde
Lars-Erik Gadde (born 1945) is a Swedish organizational theorist and Professor of Technology Management and Economics at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. He is known for his work on business networks, professional purchasing. and case study research. Life and work Gadde obtained his PhD at the University of Gothenburg in 1978 with the thesis, entitled "Efterfrågevariationer i vertikala marknadssystem" (Demand variations in vertical marketing systems). After his graduation Gadde spend his academic career at the Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology, Gothenburg, which became Chalmers University of Technology in 1994. In the 1983 article "Research on Producer Goods Distribution in Sweden" gave his view on the state of the art of on his field of research, the industrial marketing: Swedish interest in research on channels of distribution for industrial goods has been limited historically. The same is true in other countries as well, as has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartered Institute Of Procurement & Supply
The Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply (CIPS), formerly the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply, is a global professional body working for the procurement and supply profession in many regions of the world. It promotes best practice and provides services for non-professionals and its over 64,000 members in 180 countries. It received its Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth II in 1992, and offered its members Chartered Status in 2014; members are eligible for Chartered Status after completing a programme of continuing professional development including the successful completion of the CIPS ethics test. CIPS promotes and develops high standards of professional skill, ability, and integrity among all those engaged in procurement and supply chain management. Its headquarters are located in Easton on the Hill, just inside Northamptonshire, near Stamford, Lincolnshire but it has offices around the world and partnerships in other countries where it has a presence. CIPS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
