The relationship substance framework is a
conceptual model
A conceptual model is a representation of a system. It consists of concepts used to help people knowledge, know, understanding, understand, or simulation, simulate a subject the model represents. In contrast, physical models are physical object su ...
for understanding
business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB) is a situation where one business makes a commercial transaction with another. This typically occurs when:
* A business is sourcing materials for their production process for output (e.g., a ...
(B2B) relationships, developed and championed by the
Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group or International Marketing and Purchasing Group (abbreviated IMP Group) is a European research initiative in the field of Industrial marketing established in 1976 by researchers from different countries ...
(IMP Group) and adopted particularly in
Scandinavian studies of industrial practice. The IMP Group have proposed that all business relationships are made up of three layers - actor bonds, resource ties and activity links.
These may be defined as follows:
*Actor bonds: factors which connect actors - 'the buyer', 'the seller' - and influence how they perceive each other and form their identities in relation to each other;
*Resource ties: connections between the various resource elements (technological, material, knowledge resources and other intangibles) of two companies, which result from how the B2B relationship has developed and themselves become a resource for each company arising from their investment in their commercial relationship;
*Activity links: technical, administrative, commercial and other activities which operate within one company and may be connected in various ways to the activities of another company as a relationship develops.
The interaction between these three layers is described by
Håkansson and
Snehota:
:"Actors activate resources by carrying out activities; the availability of resources limits the range of activities that a firm's actors may pursue; and actors may only actively and purposefully develop activity links and resource ties if there are bonds between other actors and themselves".
Gadde and Snehota presented the model in 2000 in terms of intensity across the three dimensions:
*How tightly coordinated are firms' activity ties?
*How well adapted are the resources of one company to the requirements of their counterpart?
*How intensely do the individuals in the companies interact?
Myhal ''et al.'' suggested in 2001 that this framework required further development: "
ile the relationship substance framework appears to provide a suitable basis of classification for the various relationship quality components in business relationships ... further work was needed in order to assess the full nature of relationship quality".
The
Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply refers to the framework in the material to be studied for its Diploma in Procurement and Supply qualification.
[Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply]
Diploma in Procurement and Supply
accessed 28 February 2016
References
Hakansson, H. and Snohota, I., (1995), "Analysing business relationships" in Ford, D., Gadde, L-E., Hakansson, H., Lundgren, A., Snehota, I., Turnbull, P. and Wilson, D. ''Managing Business Relationships'', John Wiley and Sons, Chichester
Notes
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Business-to-business