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Qwaqwaiini
''Qwaqwaia scolopiae'' is a species of wasp in the family Cynipidae, found in South Africa. It is placed in the monotypic genus ''Qwaqwaia'' and tribe Qwaqwaiini. It forms stem galls on '' Scolopia mundii'', a plant in the family Salicaceae, and has only been found at three locations along the Drakensberg escarpment. Etymology The genus name ''Qwaqwaia'' derives from the former Bantustan QwaQwa, where ''Qwaqwaia scolopiae'' was first collected. The specific epithet ''scolopiae'' is derived from the plant genus '' Scolopia,'' one species of which is the host plant of the wasp. Description ''Qwaqwaia scolopiae'' is currently the only known member of the tribe Qwaqwaiini, which can be distinguished from other tribes in the family Cynipidae by the following features: right mandible with two teeth, ventral margin of the clypeus straight, parascutal carina extending to notaulus, mesopleuron medially with longitudinal striae, tarsal claws simple, radial cell closed, third abdominal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gall Wasp
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature () are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Features Like all Apocrita, gall wasps have a distinctive body shape, the so-called wasp waist. The first abdominal tergum (the propodeum) is conjoined with the thorax, while the second abdominal segment forms a sort of shaft, the petiole. The petiole connects with the gaster, which is the functional abdomen in apocritan wasps, starting with the third abdominal segment proper. Together, the petiole and the gaster form the metasoma, while the thorax and the propodeum make up the mesosoma. The antennae are straight and consist of two or three segments. In many varieties, the backside of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynipidae
Gall wasps, also wikt:gallfly#Usage notes, traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature () are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Features Like all Apocrita, gall wasps have a distinctive body shape, the so-called Petiole (insect anatomy), wasp waist. The first abdominal tergum (the propodeum) is conjoined with the Thorax (insect anatomy), thorax, while the second abdominal segment forms a sort of shaft, the Petiole (insect anatomy), petiole. The petiole connects with the gaster (insect anatomy), gaster, which is the functional abdomen in apocritan wasps, starting with the third abdominal segment proper. Together, the petiole and the gaster form the metasoma, while the thorax and the propodeum mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolopia Mundii
''Scolopia mundii'', the red pear or mountain saffron, is a tree in the family Salicaceae found in Eswatini, Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe. It has dark green foliage and bright yellow or orange berries. A very adaptable species, it can be found in forests, forest edges and mountain slopes from 30-2200m in elevation. While it is not considered threatened over its entire range, it is rare and considered Critically Endangered (CR) in Zimbabwe. Taxonomy There has been confusion over the correct authorship citation for ''Scolopia mundii.'' The species was originally described as ''Eriudaphus mundii'' in ''Enumeratio plantae africae australis extra-tropicae'' written by Christian Friedrich Ecklon and Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher in 1836. Two other species in the now-invalid genus ''Eriudaphus'' were described in the book, both with Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck attributed as the species author. However, ''Eriudaphus mundii'' did not specify any species author in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic Hymenoptera Genera
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical system. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrotropical Realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region. Major ecological regions Most of the Afrotropical realm, except for Africa's southern tip, has a tropics, tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts, including the Atlantic coastal desert, Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula, separates the Afrotropic from the Palearctic realm, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia. Sahel and Sudan South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, tropical grassland and savanna run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands. Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synergini
Synergini is a tribe (biology), tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae. Genera The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini: * ''Agastoroxenia'' * ''Lithosaphonecrus'' * ''Saphonecrus'' * ''Rhoophilus'' * ''Synergus'' * ''Ufo (genus), Ufo'' All of these except ''Lithosaphonecrus'' and ''Rhoophilus'' are found in the eastern Palearctic realm. ''Synergus'' has the greatest number of species in Synergini. A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - ''Ceroptres'' to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and ''Periclistus'' and ''Synophromorpha'' to Diastrophini. Gall use Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines.Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolopia
''Scolopia'' is an Old World genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species include: * '' Scolopia braunii'' ( Klotzsch) & Sleumer - an Australian rainforest tree *'' Scolopia buxifolia'' Gagnep. *'' Scolopia chinensis'' (Lour.) Clos *'' Scolopia crassipes'' Clos. *''Scolopia crenata'' (Wight & Arn.) Clos *'' Scolopia erythrocarpa'' H. Perrier *''Scolopia lucida'' Wall. ex Kurz *''Scolopia mundii'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. - a South African Afromontane forest tree *''Scolopia oldhamii'' Hance *''Scolopia oreophila'' Killick *''Scolopia pusilla'' (Gaertn.) Willd. *''Scolopia rhinanthera'' *''Scolopia saeva'' (Hance) Hance *''Scolopia schreberi'' J.F.Gmel. *''Scolopia steenisiana'' Sleumer *''Scolopia zeyheri'' (Nees) Szyszyl. The caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawfli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
QwaQwa
QwaQwa was a Bantustan ("homeland") in the central eastern part of South Africa. It encompassed a very small region of in the east of the former South African province of Orange Free State, bordering Lesotho. Its capital was Witsieshoek. It was the designated homeland of more than 180,000 Sesotho-speaking Basotho people. The frequent snow on the Maloti mountain peaks led the San to call the region "QwaQwa" (whiter than white).https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/phuthaditjhaba-free-state In Afrikaans it was known as "Witsieshoek", after Oetse (also Witsie and Wetsi), a Makholokoe chief who lived there from 1839 to 1856. Three tribes lived in the region, the Makholokoe, Bakoena and the Batlokoa. In 1969Flags of the world Discussion of name and history. Retrieved 10 April 2006. they were united and the area was named "KwaKwa". In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bantustan
A Bantustan (also known as a Bantu peoples, Bantu homeland, a Black people, black homeland, a Khoisan, black state or simply known as a homeland; ) was a territory that the National Party (South Africa), National Party administration of the Union of South Africa (1910–1961) and later the Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) set aside for People of Indigenous South African Bantu languages, black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as a part of its policy of apartheid., "1. one of the areas in South Africa where black people lived during the apartheid system; 2. SHOWING DISAPPROVAL any area where people are forced to live without full civil and political rights." The term, first used in the late 1940s, was coined from ''Bantu'' (meaning "people" in some of the Bantu languages) and ''-stan'' (a suffix meaning "land" in Persian language, Persian and other Persian-influenced languages). It subsequently came to be regarded as a disparaging term by s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
