Synergini is a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

gall wasp Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this gene ...

s in the subfamily

Cynipinae Cynipinae is a subfamily of gall wasps (Cynipidae). Many of the approximately 1,500 described species cause galls on oaks, but some induce galls on other plant species or are inquilines of the gall-inducing species. Species occur on all continent ...

Genera

The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini: * '' Agastoroxenia'' * '' Lithosaphonecrus'' * '' Saphonecrus'' * ''

Rhoophilus ''Rhoophilus'' is a genus of gall wasp Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval dev ...

'' * ''

Synergus ''Synergus'' is a genus of gall wasp in the tribe Synergini. It is found worldwide. Species in ''Synergus'' are generally inquilines, which means they use the galls of other species of gall wasps. ''Synergus'' uses the galls of Cynipini on oak ...

'' * ''

Ufo An unidentified flying object (UFO) is an object or phenomenon seen in the sky but not yet identified or explained. The term was coined when United States Air Force (USAF) investigations into flying saucers found too broad a range of shapes ...

'' All of these except ''Lithosaphonecrus'' and ''Rhoophilus'' are found in the eastern

Palearctic realm The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The ...

. ''Synergus'' has the greatest number of species in Synergini. A reworking of the entire

Cynipidae Gall wasps, also wikt:gallfly#Usage notes, traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1 ...

family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - '' Ceroptres'' to a tribe of its own (

Ceroptresini Ceroptresini is a tribe of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, and includes two genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as we ...

), and '' Periclistus'' and '' Synophromorpha'' to Diastrophini.

Gall use

Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own

gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or war ...

s, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as

inquiline In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms, such as insects, may live in the ...

s.Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005
Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan.

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae ''Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae'' is a peer-reviewed, open access scientific journal no-publication fee, publishing original research studies in the fields of animal taxonomy, systematics, biogeography, and ecology. It was estab ...

51 (4), 313–327. Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in

Cynipini Cynipini is a tribe (biology), tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.Melika, G., et al. (2013)A new genus of oak gallwasp, ''Cyclocynips'' Me ...

References

Cynipidae Hymenoptera tribes {{Wasp-stub