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Number 16 (spider)
Number 16 (c. 1973 – 2016), also known as #16, was a wild female trapdoor spider ('' Gaius villosus,'' family Idiopidae) that lived in North Bungulla Reserve near Tammin, Western Australia. She died in 2016, at an estimated age of 43 years, and is the longest-lived spider recorded to date. Number 16 did not die of old age, but was most likely killed by a parasitic wasp sting. Long-term monitoring Number 16 was studied in the wild by arachnologist Barbara York Main from March 1974 until 2016. She was part of the first cohort of dispersing spiderlings to establish a burrow at the study site, and her burrow was the 16th to be marked with a peg. By 1978, Main had tagged 101 burrows at the study site, within a few metres of each other. Number 16 spent her entire life in the same burrow, which is typical for her species. For over 40 years, her status was monitored by Main and her collaborators either six-monthly or annually. As Number 16 became older, the researchers developed a trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Villosus
''Gaius villosus'' is a species of spider in the family Idiopidae (armored trapdoor spiders) found in Western Australia in a variety of different habitats. Originally described in 1914 as ''Gaius villosus'' by William Joseph Rainbow, in 1957 it was transferred to ''Anidiops'' by Barbara Main (a genus no longer recognized). In 2017, it was returned to ''Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist *Gaius Acilius *Gaius Antonius *Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius Pol ...'' by Rix and others – at the time it was the sole species in the genus, although others have been added since. Number 16, aged approximately 43 years at death and thought to be the longest-lived spider on record, was a female of this species. References Idiopidae Spiders described in 1914 Taxa named by William Joseph Rainbow {{Mygalomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of . It is the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. the state has 2.76 million inhabitants percent of the national total. The vast majority (92 percent) live in the south-west corner; 79 percent of the population lives in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. The first Europeans to visit Western Australia belonged to the Dutch Dirk Hartog expedition, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The first permanent European colony of Western Australia occurred following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armored Trapdoor Spider
Idiopidae, also known as armored trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889. They have a large body similar to tarantulas. Description In some species the males have a spur on their legs, which they will show if provoked.Find-a-spider Guide Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. The about 2 cm long ''Prothemenops siamensis'' from Thailand builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rain forest. Each burrow had two or three entrances that lead into a main tube. Its lateral posterior spinnerets are elongated. The oldest known idiopid, Number 16, died at the age of 43 years. Genera As of 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Arbanitis'' L. Koch, 1874 — Australia *''Blakistonia'' Hogg, 1902 — Australia *''Bungulla'' Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia *'' Cantuaria'' Hogg, 1902 — New Zealand, Australia *'' Cataxia'' Rainbow, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idiopidae
Idiopidae, also known as armored trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889. They have a large body similar to tarantulas. Description In some species the males have a spur on their legs, which they will show if provoked.Find-a-spider Guide Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. The about 2 cm long ''Prothemenops siamensis'' from Thailand builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rain forest. Each burrow had two or three entrances that lead into a main tube. Its lateral posterior spinnerets are elongated. The oldest known idiopid, Number 16, died at the age of 43 years. Genera As of 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Arbanitis'' L. Koch, 1874 — Australia *''Blakistonia'' Hogg, 1902 — Australia *''Bungulla'' Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia *'' Cantuaria'' Hogg, 1902 — New Zealand, Australia *'' Cataxia'' Rainbow, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tammin, Western Australia
Tammin is a town in the central agricultural region of Western Australia, east of Perth and midway between the towns of Cunderdin and Kellerberrin on the Great Eastern Highway. The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling. It also serves as a stop on the '' Prospector'' and '' MerredinLink'' rural train services. History The first European to settle in the area was John Packham in 1893. The railway to Southern Cross was constructed through the area in 1894–95, and Tammin was one of the original stations when the line opened in 1895. As the surrounding area developed for agriculture, there was sufficient demand for land in the area for the government to declare a townsite, and Tammin townsite was gazetted in 1899. Tammin is an Aboriginal name derived from the nearby Tammin Rock, a name first recorded by the explorer Charles Cooke Hunt in 1864. The rock possibly derives its name from the "Tammar", the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider Wasp
Wasps in the family Pompilidae are commonly called spider wasps, spider-hunting wasps, or pompilid wasps. The family is cosmopolitan, with some 5,000 species in six subfamilies. Nearly all species are solitary (with the exception of some group-nesting Ageniellini), and most capture and paralyze prey, though members of the subfamily Ceropalinae are kleptoparasites of other pompilids, or ectoparasitoids of living spiders. In South America, species may be referred to colloquially as or , though these names can be generally applied to any very large stinging wasps. Furthermore, in some parts of Venezuela and Colombia, it is called , or "horse killers", while in Brazil some particular bigger and brighter species of the general kind might be called /, or "throat locker". Morphology Like other strong fliers, pompilids have a thorax modified for efficient flight. The metathorax is solidly fused to the pronotum and mesothorax; moreover, the prothorax is best developed in Pompili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara York Main
Barbara Anne York Main (27 January 1929 – 14 May 2019) Ann Jones (2019"Barbara York Main, Australia's spider woman and Wheatbelt advocate, author and poet dies"''Off Track'', Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Published May 23, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. was an Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor at the University of Western Australia. The author of four books and over 90 research papers, Main is recognised for her prolific work in establishing taxonomy for arachnids, personally describing 34 species and seven new genera. The BBC and ABC produced a film about her work, ''Lady of the Spiders'', in 1981."Lady of the Spiders (1981)" British Film Institute.Hodgkin, Ernest P. (1995) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burrow
An Eastern chipmunk at the entrance of its burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interactions. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small invertebrates, such as the '' Corophium arenarium'', to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren. Vertebrate burrows A large variety of vertebrates construct or use burrows in ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy in 1933 and revived its health and reputation, work continued by his successors Katharine and Phil Graham (Meyer's daughter and son-in-law), who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post'' 1971 printing of the Pentagon Papers helped spur opposition to the Vietnam War. Subsequently, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press's investigation into what became known as the Waterga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Conservation Biology
''Pacific Conservation Biology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing and dedicated to conservation and wildlife management in the Pacific region. It publishes original research, reviews, perspectives and book reviews. ''Pacific Conservation Biology'' was established in June 1993 by Surrey Beatty & Sons, a private independent publisher. The Society for Conservation Biology Board of Governors approved a Memorandum of Understanding promoting collaboration due to the similar interest of their organisation and Surrey Beatty. The journal was taken over by CSIRO Publishing in 2015. The current editor-in-chief is Mike Calver (Murdoch University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Embiology, GEOBASE, Scopus and Zoological Record ''The Zoological Record'' (''ZR'') is an electronic index of zoological literature that also serves as the unofficial register of scientific names in zoology. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual Animals In Australia
An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of being an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) of being a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in diverse fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Etymology From the 15th century and earlier (and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics) ''individual'' meant " indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person". From the 17th century on, ''individual'' has indicated separateness, as in individualism. Law Although individuality and individualism are commonly considered to mature with age/time and experience/wealth, a sane adult human being is usually considered by the state as an "individual person" in law, even if the person denies individual culpability ("I followed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
