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Moldavian Democratic Republic
The Moldavian Democratic Republic (MDR; , ), also known as the Moldavian Republic or Moldavian People's Republic, was a state proclaimed on by the ''Sfatul Țării'' (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October–November 1917 following the February Revolution and the start of the disintegration of the Russian Empire. The ''Sfatul Țării'' was its legislative body, while the "Council of Directors General", renamed the "Council of Ministers" after the Declaration of Independence, was its government. The Republic was proclaimed on 2/15 December 1917, as a result of the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia. The anthem of the country was ''Deșteaptă-te, române!''. History Summarized The brief history of the 1917–1918 Moldavian Democratic Republic can be divided into three periods: the period of autonomy within Russia, the period of independence, and the period of federation with Romania. On 2/15 December, Moldavia proclaimed itself a constituen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deșteaptă-te, Române!
"" (; ) is the national anthem of Romania. It originated from a poem written during the Wallachian Revolution of 1848. The lyrics were composed by Andrei Mureșanu and published during the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, 1848 revolution, initially with the name "Un răsunet" ('An Echo'), as a lyrical response to Vasile Alecsandri's poem "Către Români" ('To Romanians'), later known as "Deșteptarea României" ('The Awakening of Romania'), from which Mureșanu took inspiration for many of the themes and motifs of his own lyrics, a fact that is reflected in the overall similarity between the two poems. The original text was written in the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet. It was first sung in late June in the same year in the city of Brașov, on the streets of the Șcheii Brașovului neighborhood and it became immediately the revolutionary anthem. Since then, this patriotic song has been sung during all major Romanian conflicts, including during the Romanian Revolution, 1989 anti-communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Cristi
Vladimir Cristi (1880–1956) was a Romanian publicist and politician who served as State Minister in the Nicolae Iorga government between 16 January and 6 June 1932. Cristi was Mayor of Chișinău between 1938 and 1940. Biography Born and raised in a noble family, Vladimir Cristi was a man who showed interest in politics and state affairs. As a descendant of a boyar family in Moldova, Vladimir Cristi was the nephew of Ioan Cristi, a renowned Bessarabian noble, and the son of Grigorie Cristi, who held a high position in the Russian gubernia, serving as the governor of the Oriol gubernia. Vladimir pursued his studies and graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Moscow and the Faculty of Agronomy at a university in Paris. In 1917, he served as the gubernial commissar of Bessarabia. He was a deputy in the "Sfatul Țării" (Council of the Country), Minister of Internal Affairs in the government of the Moldovan Democratic Republic, a deputy in the Parliament of Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Mimi
Constantin Mimi (10 March 1868 – 17 April 1935) was a Bessarabian politician and winemaker, whose family had noble origins. Biography He graduated from Odessa State University and SupAgro (Montpellier). When the February Revolution happened in Petrograd in 1917, the governor of Bessarabia Governorate stepped down and passed his legal powers to Constantin Mimi, the President of the Gubernial Zemstvo, which was named ''the Commissar of the Provisional Government in Bessarabia'', with Vladimir Criste his deputy. Similar procedures took place in all regions of the Russian Empire: the chiefs of the Tsarist administrations passed their legal powers to the chiefs of the County and Governorate Zemstvos, which were then called ''County/Governorate Commissars''. Ion Nistor, p. 279 On , Constantin Mimi, the official Commissar of the Russian Provisional Government (of Kerenski) in Chişinău, gathered delegates of all major political, national, professional and administrative orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessarabia Governorate
The Bessarabia Governorate was a province (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, with its administrative centre in Kishinev (Chișinău). It consisted of an area of and a population of 1,935,412 inhabitants. The Bessarabia Governorate bordered the Podolia Governorate to the north, the Kherson Governorate to the east, the Black Sea to the south, Kingdom of Romania, Romania to the west, and Austria-Hungary, Austria to the northwest. It roughly corresponds to what is now most of Moldova and some parts of Chernivtsi Oblast, Chernivtsi and Odesa Oblast, Odesa Oblasts of Ukraine. It included the eastern part of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia along with the neighboring Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-ruled territories annexed by Russia by the Treaty of Bucharest (1812), Treaty of Bucharest following the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). The Governorate was disbanded in 1917, with the establishment of Sfatul Țării, a national assembly which proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrograd
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after the apostle Saint Peter. In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with the birth of the Russian Empire and Russia's entry into modern history as a European great power. It served as a capital of the Tsardom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Cazacu
Petru Cazacu (; 6 October 1873 – August 1956) was a politician from Bessarabia (Moldova). Biography He served as the prime minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic in 1918. Works * P. Cazacu, Moldova dintre Prut și Nistru. 1812–1918, Chișinău Chișinău ( , , ; formerly known as Kishinev) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Moldova, largest city of Moldova. The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre, and is located in the middle of the coun ..., 1992. * P. Cazacu, Zece ani de la Unire: Moldova dintre Prut și Nistru 1918-1928. București, Tipografia ziarului Universul,1928 References Biblio Polis - Vol. 25 (2008) Nr. 1 (Serie nouă) 1873 births 1956 deaths Physicians from Chișinău People from Kishinyovsky Uyezd Prime ministers of Moldova 20th-century Moldovan historians Politicians from Chișinău {{Moldova-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Ciugureanu
Daniel Ciugureanu (; 9 December 1885 – 19 May 1950) was a Romanian politician from Bessarabia, deputy in Sfatul Țării from Chișinău, Prime Minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic from –, Minister for Bessarabia in four Romanian Governments, Deputy and Senator, vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies, vice-president and President of the Senate of Kingdom of Romania. He was born in 1885 in Șirăuți, Khotinsky Uyezd, in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, the son of Alexandru Ciugureanu, a priest, and his wife, Ecaterina, a teacher. After attending secondary school in Bălți and the theological seminary in Chișinău, he enrolled in 1905 at the Kyiv Imperial University of Saint Vladimir, graduating from medical school in 1912. Ciugureanu was one of the founders and leaders of the National Moldavian Party and one of the promoters of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania. On , the Sfatul Țării voted unanimously to proclaim the independence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantelimon Erhan
Pantelimon Erhan (1884 – April/May 1971) was a Bessarabian politician and prime minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918). Biography Pantelimon Erhan was born in 1884 in Tănătari, Căușeni District. He died in April or May 1971 in Bucharest. Prime minister He was the first prime minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic ( - ). On , Sfatul Țării elected the Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet (named the Council of Directors General), with nine members and with Pantelimon Erhan as President of the Council of Directors General and Director General for Agriculture. Agrarian reform was a cornerstone priority of the Moldavian Democratic Republic government. The presence of the Romanian Army in the Moldavian Democratic Republic caused tension within the council, with some of its members, including Pantelimon Erhan, protesting against it. In particular, they feared that the Romanian government, dominated by large land owners, could use the troops to prevent the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Bucharest metropolitan area, metropolitan area of 2.3 million residents, which makes Bucharest the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 8th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 6 districts (''Sectors of Bucharest, Sectoare''), while the metropolitan area covers . Bucharest is a major cultural, political and economic hub, the country's seat of government, and the capital of the Muntenia region. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly History of architecture#Revivalism and Eclecticism, Eclectic, but also Neoclassical arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Land Forces
The Romanian Land Forces () is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Since 2007, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on . It participated in the Romanian War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria, Romania in World War I, World War I against the Central Powers (in which it won the decisive battles of Battle of Mărăști, Mărăști and Battle of Mărășești, Mărășești), and the Hungarian–Romanian War. During most of World War II (until 1944), Romanian forces supported the Axis powers, fighting against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front. From August 1944 until the end of the war, Romania fought against Germany under the control of the Soviet Union. When the Communism, communists seized power after the Second World War, the army underwent reorganisation and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
