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Mefeclorazine
Mefeclorazine () is a neuroleptic (antipsychotic) of the phenethylamine and arylpiperazine groups. Part of mefeclorazine's chemical structure is based on 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA or homoveratrylamine), which has structural similarity to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Mefeclorazine was invented by Jack Mills of Eli Lilly in 1958. Although it is not known to have ever been used clinically, it is based on a chemically rational synthetic design. The ''ortho''-chlorophenylpiperazine (oCPP) moiety forms part of the molecular structure. This precursor finds dual use in the synthesis of the arylpiperazines enpiprazole and KMUP-1. See also *Cutamesine Cutamesine (SA 4503) is a synthetic sigma receptor agonist which is selective for the ''σ''1 receptor, a chaperone protein mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells in the central nervous system. These ''σ''1 receptors play a key role ... See also * Substituted piperazine References {{Phenethylamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Piperazine
Substituted piperazines are a class of chemical compounds based on a piperazine core. Some are used as recreational drugs and some are used in scientific research. List of substituted piperazines Benzylpiperazines File:Benzylpiperazine.svg, 1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) File:Methylbenzylpiperazine.svg, 1-Methyl-4-benzylpiperazine (MBZP) File:DBZP.svg, 1,4-Dibenzylpiperazine (DBZP) File:MDBZP.svg, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-1-benzylpiperazine (MDBZP) File:2C-B-BZP.svg, 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-1-benzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) File:Methoxypiperamide.png, Methoxypiperamide (MeOP, MEXP) ((4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone) File:Sunifiram.svg , Sunifiram (1-benzoyl-4-propanoylpiperazine) File:3-Methylbenzylpiperazine structure.png, 3-Methylbenzylpiperazine (3-MeBZP) File:Befuraline.svg, Befuraline(also produces benzylpiperazine as a metabolite) File:Fipexide.svg, Fipexide(also produces substituted benzylpiperazine as a metabolite) File:Piberaline.svg, Piberaline(also produces benzy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cutamesine
Cutamesine (SA 4503) is a synthetic sigma receptor agonist which is selective for the ''σ''1 receptor, a chaperone protein mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells in the central nervous system. These ''σ''1 receptors play a key role in the modulation of Ca2+ release and apoptosis. Cutamesine's activation of the ''σ''1 receptor is tied to a variety of physiological phenomena in the CNS, including activation of dopamine-releasing neurons and repression of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Structure The molecular formula for cutamesine is C23H32N2O2. This particular agonist is a piperazine, meaning that its core functional group is a six-membered heterocycle with two oppositely-placed nitrogen atoms. Two phenalkyl groups act as substituents for the two nitrogen atoms. The phenethyl group has methoxy groups on the 3 and 4 locations of the aromatic ring, while the phenpropyl group has no additional functional groups attached. Affinity Causes of Affinity The 3,4-methoxy groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroleptic
Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. They are also the mainstay, together with mood stabilizers, in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Moreover, they are also used as adjuncts in the treatment of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. The use of antipsychotics may result in many unwanted side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Long-term use can produce adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, tardive akathisia, and brain tissue volume reduction. The long term use of antipsychotics often changes the brain both structurally and chemically in a way that can be difficult or impossible to reverse. This can lead to lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Synthesis
Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds (known as '' reagents'' or ''reactants'') that will experience a transformation under certain conditions. Various reaction types can be applied to formulate a desired product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel, such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of processing (" work-up") or purification procedure to isolate the final product. The amount produced by chemical synthesis is known as the '' reaction yield''. Typically, yields are expressed as a mass in grams (in a laboratory setting) or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity that could be produced based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catecholamines
A catecholamine (; abbreviated CA), most typically a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine. Catechol can be either a free molecule or a substituent of a larger molecule, where it represents a 1,2-dihydroxybenzene group. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is derived from dietary sources as well as synthesis from phenylalanine. Catecholamines are water-soluble and are 50% bound to plasma proteins in circulation. Included among catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. Release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands is part of the fight-or-flight response. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipsychotics
Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. They are also the mainstay, together with mood stabilizers, in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Moreover, they are also used as adjuncts in the treatment of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. The use of antipsychotics may result in many unwanted side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Long-term use can produce adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, tardive akathisia, and brain tissue volume reduction. The long term use of antipsychotics often changes the brain both structurally and chemically in a way that can be difficult or impossible to reverse. This can lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KMUP-1
KMUP-1 is a xanthine derivative with phosphodiesterase inhibitor A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cycl ... activity. References {{Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Xanthines Piperazines 2-Chlorophenyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enpiprazole
Enpiprazole (INN, BAN) is an anxiolytic drug of the phenylpiperazine group that was never marketed. It produces anxiolytic-like effects in animals, though these effects appear to be biphasic and may reverse at high doses. It is known to produce ''ortho''-chlorophenylpiperazine (oCPP) as a metabolite. See also * Acaprazine * Enciprazine * Lorpiprazole * Mepiprazole * Tolpiprazole Tolpiprazole (INN, BAN) (developmental code name H-4170) is an anxiolytic drug of the phenylpiperazine group that was never marketed. See also * Acaprazine * Enpiprazole * Lorpiprazole * Mepiprazole Mepiprazole (INN, BAN) (brand name Ps ... References Abandoned drugs Anxiolytics 2-Chlorophenyl compounds 1-Phenylpiperazines Pyrazoles {{Anxiolytic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Precursor
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound. In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor. Illicit drug precursors In 1988, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances introduced detailed provisions and requirements relating the control of precursors used to produce drugs of abuse. In Europe the Regulation (EC) No. 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on drug precursors was adopted on 11 February 2004. ( European law on drug precursors) Illicit explosives precursors On January 15, 2013, the Regulation (EU) No. 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the marketing and use of explosives precursors was adopted. The Regulation harmonises rules across Europe on the making available, introduction, possession and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substitution reaction, substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens. Structural classification The structural formula of any substituted phenethylamine contains a phenyl group, phenyl ring that is joined to an amino group, amino (NH) group via a two-carbon substituent, sidechain. Hence, any substituted phenethylamine can be classified according to the substitution of hydrogen atom, hydrogen (H) atoms on phenethylamine's phenyl ring, sidechain, or amino group with a moiety (chemistry), specific group of at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
