|
Makhir
Makhir ben Yehudah Zakkai of Narbonne or Makhir ben Habibai of Narbonne or Natronai ben Habibi (725 - 765 CE or 793 CE) was a History of the Jews in Iraq, Babylonian-Jewish scholar and later, the supposed leader of the Franco-Jewish, Jewish community of Narbonne in a region which at that time was called Septimania at the end of the eighth century. Writings by Abraham ibn Daud According to a tradition preserved by Abraham ibn Daud in his ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'', written about 1161, Makhir was a descendant of the Davidic line, house of David. Ibn Daud wrote: :Then King Charlemagne, Charles sent to the King of Baghdad [Caliph] requesting that he dispatch one of his Jews of the seed of royalty of the House of David. He hearkened and sent him one from there, a magnate and sage, Rabbi Makhir by name. And [Charles] settled him in Narbonne, the capital city, and planted him there, and gave him a great possession there at the time he captured it from the Ishmaelites [Arabs]. And he [Makhir] t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Jewish Princedom In Feudal France
''A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768–900'' is a book about Franks, Frankish medieval history by Arthur J. Zuckerman (published 1972 by Columbia University Press). According to Zuckerman's thesis presented in the book, a vassal Jewish princedom was established in Narbonne (Septimania) by the Carolingian dynasty, Carolingian king Pepin the Short, Pepin as a reward for Jewish cooperation in the Frankish conquest of the city in 759 CE from Muslim Al-Andalus. The List of Jewish states and dynasties, dynasty of Jewish rulers was later also confirmed by Pepin's son Charlemagne and endowed with significant lands and privileges. He views later counts and dukes of Toulouse (Aquitaine) and Barcelona (Hispanic Marches) under the Carolingians as scions of these Jewish rulers. The first ruler was Makhir of Narbonne, a likely descendant of the Babylonian exilarch Bostanai, of the 7th century CE. Zuckerman argues that the Princedom played an important role as a buffer zone in the border ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narbonne
Narbonne ( , , ; ; ; Late Latin:) is a commune in Southern France in the Occitanie region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. It is located about from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and was historically a prosperous port. From the 14th century it declined following a change in the course of the river Aude. While it is the largest commune in Aude, the capital of the Aude department is the smaller commune of Carcassonne. Etymology The source of the town's original name of Narbo is lost in antiquity, and it may have referred to a hillfort from the Iron Age close to the location of the current settlement or its occupants. The earliest known record of the area comes from the Greek Hecataeus of Miletus in the fifth century BC, who identified it as a Celtic harbor and marketplace at that time, and called its inhabitants the ''Ναρβαῖοι''. In ancient inscriptions the name is sometimes rendered in Latin and sometimes transl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bostanai
Bostanai (Hebrew: בוסתנאי), also transliterated as Bustanai or Bustnay, also known by his personal name Haninai (Hani' in Arabic), was the first Exilarch (leader of the Jewish community of Mesopotamia) under Arab rule. He lived in the early-to-middle of the 7th century, and died about AD 670. The name is Aramaized from the Persian ''bustan'' or ''bostan'' (Persian : بوستان), meaning "Garden". Bostanai is the only Dark Age Babylonian Exilarch of whom anything more than a footnote is known. He is frequently made the subject of Jewish legends. According to the ''Maaseh Beth David'', Bostanai was confirmed in his office as exilarch by the Caliph Ali, no earlier then 656. The Caliph granted him the authority to appoint civil judges, and heads of the rabbinical academies at Sura, Pumbedita and Nehardea. Family of Bostanai Bostanai was the posthumous son of a former exilarch, Haninai and his wife who is known as 'the daughter of Hananiah' in the ''Seder Olam Zutta'', of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasi (Hebrew Title)
Nasi () is a title meaning "prince" in Biblical Hebrew, "Prince Sanhedrin.html" ;"title="f the Sanhedrin">f the Sanhedrin in Mishnaic Hebrew. Certain great figures from Jewish history have the title, including Judah ha-Nasi,Harry Gersh, ''The Sacred Books of the Jews'', 1968, Stein and Day, New York, p. 104 who was the chief redactor of the Mishnah as well as nasi of the Sanhedrin. In Modern Hebrew, its meaning has changed to " president". Usage Genesis and ancient Israel The noun nasi (including its grammatical variations) occurs 132 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible and is usually translated "prince", or occasionally "captain." The first use is for the twelve "princes" who will descend from Ishmael, in the Book of Genesis ( Lech-Lecha, ), and the second use (in Chayei Sarah ), is the Hittites recognising Abraham as "a godly prince" ( '). In the Book of Leviticus ( Vayikra, ), in the rites of sacrifices for leaders who err, there is the special offering made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counts Of Toulouse
The count of Toulouse (, ) was the ruler of county of Toulouse, Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the kingdom of the Franks, Frankish kings, the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding County of Toulouse, county from the late 9th century until 1270. The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nîmes, and sometimes margraves (military defenders of the Holy Roman Empire) of Septimania and Provence. Count Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Raymond IV founded the Crusader state of County of Tripoli, Tripoli, and his descendants were also counts there. They reached the zenith of their power during the 11th and 12th centuries, but after the Albigensian Crusade the county fell to the kingdom of France, nominally in 1229 and ''de facto'' in 1271. Later the title was revived for Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, a bastard of Louis XIV (1678–1737). History Carolingian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfram Von Eschenbach
Wolfram von Eschenbach (; – ) was a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of medieval German literature. As a Minnesinger, he also wrote lyric poetry. Life Little is known of Wolfram's life. There are no historical documents which mention him, and his works are the sole source of evidence. In ''Parzival'', he talks of ("we Bavarians"); the dialect of his works is East Franconian. On the basis of this and a number of geographical references, the present-day Wolframs-Eschenbach, until 1917 Obereschenbach, near Ansbach in present-day Bavaria, has been officially designated as his birthplace. However, the evidence is circumstantial and not without problems – there are at least four other places named Eschenbach in Bavaria, and Wolframs-Eschenbach was not part of the Duchy of Bavaria (, 'Old Bavaria') in Wolfram's time. The arms shown in the Manesse manuscript come from the imagination of a 14th-century artist, drawing on the fig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willehalm
''Willehalm'' is an unfinished Middle High German poem from the early 13th century, written by the poet Wolfram von Eschenbach. In terms of genre, the poem is "a unique fusion of the courtly and the heroic, with elements of the saintly legend attaching to it." Sources ''Willehalm'' is based on French sources. Its foremost source is the Old French ''chanson de geste">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... ''chanson de geste'' ''Aliscans'', which was written a few decades earlier. The French sources were provided by Wolfram's patron, Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia, Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia. ''Willehalm'' represents (even in its unfinished form) a drastic but artistic condensation of the sprawling French adventures Wolfram inherited. For the poem ''Aliscans'' is, in turn, likely derived from the earlier ''Chanson de Guillaume'', inspired by a historic battle in 793 wherein the Carolingi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and at times directed by the Papacy during the Middle Ages. The most prominent of these were the campaigns to the Holy Land aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and its surrounding territories from Muslim rule. Beginning with the First Crusade, which culminated in the Siege of Jerusalem (1099), capture of Jerusalem in 1099, these expeditions spanned centuries and became a central aspect of European political, religious, and military history. In 1095, after a Byzantine request for aid,Helen J. Nicholson, ''The Crusades'', (Greenwood Publishing, 2004), 6. Pope Urban II proclaimed the first expedition at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, AlexiosI Komnenos and called for an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Across all social strata in Western Europe, there was an enthusiastic response. Participants came from all over Europe and had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epic Poems
Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film defined by the spectacular presentation of human drama on a grandiose scale Epic(s) or EPIC(s) may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Film * ''Epic'' (1984 film) * ''Epic'' (2013 film) * '' Epic Movie'', a 2007 film Gaming * ''Epic'' (tabletop game), a series of tabletop wargames * ''Epic'' (play-by-mail game) * ''Epic'' (video game), a 1992 video game * ''Epic: Battle for Moonhaven'', a 2013 video game by Gameloft based on the film ''Epic'' (2013) * '' Epic Card Game'', a 2015 strategy card game by White Wizard Games Literature * ''Epic'' (Kostick novel), a 2004 novel by Conor Kostick * '' Epic Illustrated'', a 1980s anthology series published by Marvel Comics Music Albums * ''Epic'' (Blood on the Dance Floor album), 2011 * ''Epic'' (Borknagar album), 2004 * ''Epic'' (R. Kelly album), 2010 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Gellone
William of Gellone ( 755 – 28 May 812 or 814), the medieval William of Orange, was the second Duke of Toulouse from 790 until 811. In 804, he founded the abbey of Gellone. He was canonized a saint in 1066 by Pope Alexander II."William of Aquitaine, St." Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-17. In the tenth or eleventh century, a Latin hagiography, the ''Vita sancti Willelmi'', was composed. By the twelfth century, William's legend had grown. He is the hero of an entire cycle of ''chansons de geste'', the earliest of which is the ''Chanson de Guillaume'' of about 1140. In the ''chansons'', he is nicknamed ''Fierabras (nickname), Fièrebrace'' (fierce or strong arm) due to his apparent strength and the ''marquis au court nez'' (margrave with the short nose) as the result of an injur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroic Poetry
In poetry, an epic is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants. With regard to oral tradition, epic poems consist of formal speech and are usually learnt word for word, and are contrasted with narratives that consist of everyday speech where the performer has the license to recontextualize the story to a particular audience, often to a younger generation. Influential epics that have shaped Western literature and culture include Homer's ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey''; Virgil's ''Aeneid''; and the anonymous ''Beowulf'' and ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. The genre has inspired the adjective ''epic'' as well as derivative works in other mediums (such as epic films) that evoke or emulate the characteristics of epics. Etymology The English word ''epic'' comes from Latin , which itself comes from the Ancient Greek adjective (), f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aymeri De Narbonne
Aymeri de Narbonne is a legendary hero of Old French ''chansons de geste">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... ''chansons de geste'' and the Matter of France. In the legendary material, as elaborated and expanded in various medieval texts, Aymeri is a knight in the time of Charlemagne's wars with the Saracens after the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. He is son of Hernaut and the grandson of Garin de Monglane. He conquers the city of Narbonne, marries a princess named Hermengarde or Hermenjart, and fathers seven sons (Guibert, Bernart, Guillaume, Garin, Hernaut, Beuve and AymerHolmes, 260.), the most famous being Guillaume d'Orange, the hero of several popular ''chansons de geste''. The "Aymeri" of the poems may be conflated with a later historic figure, Aimery II of Narbonne, who was the Viscount of Narbonne from around 1106 to 1134. ''Aymeri de Narbonne'' ''Aymeri de Narbonne'' is the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
