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Luzhany
Luzhany (; ; ) is a rural settlement in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, western Ukraine. It belongs to Mamaivtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The settlement lies on the banks of the Prut River, about northwest of the regional capital Chernivtsi. As of the 2001 census, the town's population is 4,744. Current population: History First mentioned in a 1452 deed, Luzhany belonged to the Danubian Principality of Moldavia until 1774/75, when upon the Russo-Turkish War its northwestern parts (the Bukovina) were ceded to the Habsburg monarchy. Incorporated into the Austrian Duchy of Bukovina from 1849, the area was incorporated into Greater Romania after World War I. In 1940, as a result of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact between Hitler and Stalin, the Romanian state was forced to cede Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union. In 1968, Luzhany received urban-type settlement status. Luzhany became part of independent Ukraine in 1991. Until 18 Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Katriuk
Volodymyr Katriuk (1 October 1921 – 22 May 2015) was a Ukrainian-Canadian soldier and beekeeper, who was accused of having taken part in the Khatyn massacre and other massacres under the cover of anti-partisan warfare as a member of the Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 during World War II. In the annual Nazi War Criminal Report for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014, Katriuk was ranked number three under the list of most-wanted Nazi war criminals as determined by the Simon Wiesenthal Center. Katriuk denied any involvement in war crimes. On 18 March 2024, the Supreme Court of Belarus ruled that Katriuk was guilty of the genocide of the Belarusian people. Early life Katriuk was born in the village of Luzhany, near the city of Chernivtsi, on 1 October 1921. Chernivtsi is situated in the Bukovina region, which was then part of the Kingdom of Romania. Second World War In 1942 Katriuk joined Battalion 118 to fight the Soviet partisans. Katriuk's Nazi ties were known at the time of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukovina
Bukovina or ; ; ; ; , ; see also other languages. is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. It is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine. Inhabited by many cultures and peoples, settled by both Ukrainians ( Ruthenians) and Romanians (Moldavians), it became part of the Kievan Rus' and Pechenegs' territory early on during the 10th century and an integral part of the Principality of Moldavia in the 14th century where the capital of Moldavia, Suceava, was founded, eventually expanding its territory all the way to the Black Sea. Consequently, the culture of the Kievan Rus' spread in the region during the early Middle Ages. During the time of the Golden Horde, namely in the 14th century (or in the High Middle Ages), Bukovina became part of Moldavia under Hungarian suzerainty (i.e. under the medieval Kingdom of Hungary). According to the Moldo-Russian Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , ) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube, and is long. Part of its course forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine. Characteristics The Prut originates on the eastern slope of Mount Hoverla, in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine ( Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast). At first, the river flows to the north. Near Yaremche it turns to the northeast, and near Kolomyia to the south-east. Having reached the border between Moldova and Romania, it turns even more to the south-east, and then to the south. It eventually joins the Danube near Giurgiulești, east of Galați and west of Reni. Between 1918 and 1939, the river was partly in Poland and partly in Greater Romania (Romanian: ''România Mare''). Prior to World War I, it served as a border between Romania and the Russian Empire. After World War II, the river once again denoted a border, this time between Romania and the Soviet Union. Nowadays, for a length of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyzhnytsia Raion
Vyzhnytsia Raion () is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast, located in the historical region of Bukovina, in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border. The region has an area of and centers on the city of Vyzhnytsia. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Vyzhnytsia Raion was significantly expanded. One abolished raion, Putyla Raion, and a part of one more abolished raion, Kitsman Raion, were merged into Vyzhnytsia Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was Subdivisions Current After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 9 hromadas: * Banyliv rural hromada with the administration in the Village#Ukraine, selo of Banyliv, retained from Vyzhnytsia Raion; * Berehomet settlement hromada with the administration in the Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements, rural settlement of Berehomet, retain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitsman Raion
Kitsman Raion () was an administrative raion (district) in the northern part of Chernivtsi Oblast, in the historical region of Bukovina, in western Ukraine. The administrative center was the city of Kitsman. The raion had an area of . The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Kitsman Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion and Vyzhnytsia Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of five hromadas: * Brusnytsia rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Brusnytsia, transferred to Vyzhnytsia Raion; * Kitsman urban hromada with the administration in Kitsman, transferred to Chernivtsi Raion; * Mamaivtsi rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Mamaivtsi, transferred to Chernivtsi Raion; * Nepolokivtsi settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NASU Institute Of Encyclopaedic Research
The Institute of Encyclopaedic Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a Ukrainian state-supported academic research and publishing organization based in Kyiv (Tereshchenkivs'ka St, 3, Shevchenkivs'kyi, Kyiv), Ukraine. Its main lines of research activities are: * Fundamental, pilot and applied encyclopedia studies; * Elaboration of scholarly and methodological principles for producing various types of encyclopedias; * Studying, analyzing and generalizing international and national experience in encyclopedic knowledge, in particular, in preparation and printing of encyclopedias; History and structure The Institute of Encyclopaedic Research was established by and it is under the authority of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS). It was established on April 14, 2004 as a result of reorganization through merging of The Encyclopaedia of Modern Ukraine Coordinating Bureau and The Ukrainian International Committee on Science and Culture under the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopedia Of Modern Ukraine
The ''Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine'' (), abbreviated EMU, is a multi-volume national encyclopedia of Ukraine. It is an academic project of the Institute of Encyclopaedic Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Today, the reference work is available in a print edition and online. The ''EMU'' provides an integral image of modern Ukraine describing events, institutions, organizations, activities, notions and people from the early 20th century to the present. It embraces all spheres of life in Ukraine, and reflects current views on historical events and personalities. Paper edition A first edition has been in progress. 30 volumes are planned — by 2022 24 volumes had been published and it has already become the most comprehensive paper encyclopedia on Ukraine to date. Published volumes are co-edited by Ivan Dziuba, Arkadii Zhukovskyi, Oleh Romaniv, Mykola Zhelezniak; assisted by over 20 famous Ukrainian scientists including Borys Paton; written by over 1000 co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban-type Settlement
Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the Soviet Union and later also for a short time in People's Republic of Bulgaria, socialist Bulgaria and Polish People's Republic, socialist Poland. It remains in use today in nine of the post-Soviet states. The designation was used in all 15 member republics of the Soviet Union from 1922. It was introduced later in Poland (1954) and Bulgaria (1964). All the urban-type settlements in Poland were transformed into other types of settlement (town or village) in 1972. In Bulgaria and five of the post-Soviet republics (Armenia, Moldova, and the three Baltic states), they were changed in the early 1990s, while Ukraine followed suit in 2023. Today, this term is still used in the other nine post-Soviet republics – Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia (co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 to 1952 and as the fourth Premier of the Soviet Union, premier from 1941 until his death. He initially governed as part of a Collective leadership in the Soviet Union, collective leadership, but Joseph Stalin's rise to power, consolidated power to become an absolute dictator by the 1930s. Stalin codified the party's official interpretation of Marxism as Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he created is known as Stalinism. Born into a poor Georgian family in Gori, Georgia, Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tiflis Theological Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He raised f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming Chancellor of Germany#Nazi Germany (1933–1945), the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of in 1934. His invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 marked the start of the Second World War. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust: the genocide of Holocaust victims, about six million Jews and millions of other victims. Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary and moved to German Empire, Germany in 1913. He was decorated during his service in the German Army in the First World War, receiving the Iron Cross. In 1919 he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the Nazi Party, and in 1921 was app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Eastern Europe. The pact was signed in Moscow on 24 August 1939 (backdated 23 August 1939) by Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations around Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–1941)#1938–1939 deal discussions, the 1938–1939 deal discussions, after tripartite discussions between the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and France had broken down. The Soviet-German pact committed both sides to neither aid nor ally itself with an enemy of the other for the following 10 years. Under the Secret Protocol, Second Polish Republic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
