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Louis-Antoine Ranvier
Louis-Antoine Ranvier (2 October 1835 – 22 March 1922) was a French physician, pathologist, anatomist and histologist, who discovered the nodes of Ranvier, regularly spaced discontinuities of the myelin sheath, occurring at varying intervals along the length of a nerve fiber. Career Ranvier was born and studied medicine at Lyon, graduating in 1865 from the Ecole Préparatoire de Médecine et de Pharmacie. He moved to Paris after receiving the internship of Parisian hospitals. Here he founded a small private research laboratory on Rue Christine along with fellow intern Victor André Cornil, and together they later offered a course in histology to medical students which involved the careful examination of tissues under a microscope. Their course was unique in the time as microscopy had not been viewed favourably in medicine especially by Henri Ducrotay de Blainville (1777-1850) and Auguste Comte (1798-1857). Their histology course material became an influential textbook o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyon
Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, northeast of Saint-Étienne. The City of Lyon is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, third-largest city in France with a population of 522,250 at the Jan. 2021 census within its small municipal territory of , but together with its suburbs and exurbs the Lyon Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 2,308,818 that same year, the second largest in France. Lyon and 58 suburban municipalities have formed since 2015 the Lyon Metropolis, Metropolis of Lyon, a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues, with a population of 1,424,069 in 2021. Lyon is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region and seat of the Departmental co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". He originated the term ''milieu intérieur'' and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon). Life Bernard was born in 12 July 1813 in the village of Saint-Julien, near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit school of that town, then attended college at Lyon, which he soon left to become assistant in a druggist's shop. He is sometimes described as an agnostic, and even humorously referred to by his colleagues as a "great priest of atheism". Despite this, after his death Cardinal Ferdinand Donnet claimed Bernard was a fervent Catholic, with a biographical entry in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. His leisure hours were devoted to the composition of a vaudeville comedy, and the success it achieved moved him to attempt a prose dra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Simarro Lacabra
Luis Simarro Lacabra (6 January 1851 – 19 June 1921) was a Spanish neurologist who was born in Rome while his parents were living in the Papal States. Career He studied medicine in Valencia and Madrid, and in 1877 was appointed director of the Santa Isabel insane asylum at Leganés, outside of Madrid. From 1880 he lived in Paris and studied general anatomy and histology with Louis-Antoine Ranvier and clinical neurology under Jean Martin Charcot. Here he also came under the influence of philosopher Ernest Renan (1823–1892). anatomist Mathias-Marie Duval (1844–1907) and psychiatrist Valentin Magnan (1835–1916). In 1885 he returned to Madrid and opened a private practice, and in 1902 was appointed to the first chair of experimental psychology in Spain. As a psychiatrist, Simarro was heavily influenced by developments in Germany, particularly Emil Kraepelin's classification and treatment of the insane, Wilhelm Wundt's theory of experimental psychology and Theodor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquín Albarrán
Joaquín Albarrán, full name Joaquin Maria Albarrán y Dominguez (May 9, 1860 – January 17, 1912) was a Cuban urologist born in Sagua La Grande, Cuba. He received the Order of the Legion of Honour of France. Biography He studied medicine in Havana and Barcelona, earning his medical licence in 1877. Afterwards, he relocated to Paris, where he studied histology with Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835–1922). In Paris, he interned under several renowned physicians, including urologist Jean Casimir Félix Guyon (1831–1920), who served as an important influence to Albarrán's career. In 1892 he became ''professeur agrégé'', followed by ''chirurgien des hôpitaux'' two years later. In 1906 he succeeded Guyon as director of the clinic of urology at Hôpital Necker. Albarrán's early career was largely spent in the fields of microbiology and histopathology, later switching to urology, a discipline in which he made several important contributions. He performed the first perineal prosta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justin Marie Jolly
Justin Marie Jolly (August 6, 1870 – February 1, 1953) was a French hematologist and histologist born in Melun, Seine-et-Marne. He was a pioneer in the field of hematology as it pertained to the study of living tissue. He studied medicine at the Collège de France under Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835-1922) and Louis-Charles Malassez (1842-1909) where he learned histological techniques and their correlation to other medical disciplines. He was ''chef du laboratoire'' at the medical clinic in the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, and director of the histological laboratory at the École des Hautes Etudes. From 1925 to 1940 he was a professor at the Collège de France. In the early part of the 20th century he produced the earliest films of mitosis in living cells via "microscopic movies". In 1923 he published an influential textbook on hematology called ''Traité technique d'hématologie''. Along with American physiologist William Henry Howell (1860-1945), the Howell-Jolly bodies are named; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand-Jean Darier
Ferdinand-Jean Darier (; 26 April 1856 – 1938) was a French physician, pathologist and dermatologist called the "father of modern dermatology in France". Career Medical Born in Pest, Hungary to French parents, Darier studied with Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835–1922) at the Collège de France. Darier discovered several diseases, most notably Darier's disease, a peculiar figurate erythema, which he identified in 1889 as ''psorodermose folliculaire végétante''. The other diseases were a follicular keratosis (Darier-White syndrome), dermatofibrosarcoma (Darier-Ferrand disease), erythema annularis, subcutaneous sarcoidosis (Darier-Roussy sarcoid), and a sign, Darier's sign observed in mastocytosis. From 1909 to 1922, Darier was head of the clinical department at the Hôpital Saint-Louis. He was one of the "big five" of the Paris School of Dermatology, along with Ernest Henri Besnier (1831–1909), Louis-Anne-Jean Brocq (1856–1928), Raymond Sabouraud (1864–1938) and Jea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Association For Anatomy
The American Association for Anatomy (AAA), is an international scientific society of Biomedical research, biomedical researchers and educators committed to advancing anatomical science through research, education, and professional development. Headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, the association was established in 1888 in Washington, D.C., as the Association of American Anatomists to promote the "advancement of anatomical science." It was renamed in 1908 as the American Association of Anatomists, before adopting its current name in 2019 to reflect the evolving scope of anatomical science and its interdisciplinary reach. AAA's membership comprises professionals specializing in the structural and functional foundations of health and disease. Its members play a central role in educating students in the health professions, particularly during their foundational training. In addition to teaching, AAA members conduct research in a broad range of fields, including Medical imaging, im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensory Nerve
A sensory nerve, or afferent nerve, is a nerve that contains exclusively afferent nerve fibers. Nerves containing also motor fibers are called mixed nerve, mixed. Afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve carry sensory system, sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS) from different sensory receptors of sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A motor nerve carries information from the CNS to the PNS. Afferent nerve fibers link the sensory neurons throughout the body, in neural pathway, pathways to the relevant processing circuits in the central nervous system. Afferent nerve fibers are often paired with efferent nerve fibers from the motor neurons (that travel from the CNS to the PNS), in mixed nerves. Stimuli cause nerve impulses in the receptors and alter the potentials, which is known as sensory transduction. Spinal cord entry Afferent nerve fibers leave the sensory neuron from the dorsal root ganglion, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catecholamine
A catecholamine (; abbreviated CA), most typically a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine. Catechol can be either a free molecule or a substituent of a larger molecule, where it represents a 1,2-dihydroxybenzene group. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is derived from dietary sources as well as synthesis from phenylalanine. Catecholamines are water-soluble and are 50% bound to plasma proteins in circulation. Included among catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. Release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands is part of the fight-or-flight response. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietary prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidermis (skin)
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss. The epidermis is composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that overlie a base layer ( stratum basale) composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly. The layers of cells develop from stem cells in the basal layer. The thickness of the epidermis varies from 31.2μm for the penis to 596.6μm for the sole of the foot with most being roughly 90μm. Thickness does not vary between the sexes but becomes thinner with age. The human epidermis is an example of epithelium, particularly a stratified squamous epithelium. The word epidermis is derived through Latin , itself and . Something related to or part of the epidermis is termed epidermal. Structure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
