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Kullamaa Manuscript
The Kullamaa Manuscript () is a manuscript considered to be the oldest source containing longer texts (in total about 150 words) in Estonian. These texts were written 1524–1532 by the clergymen Johannes Lelow and his successor Konderth Gulerth. The manuscript consists of the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, and the Apostles' Creed. The texts were discovered in 1923 by Paul Johansen. The texts are held by the Tallinn City Archives Tallinn City Archives () is an archive in Tallinn, Estonia. According to the archive's statute its purposes are as follows: "collect, organize and preserve the archival materials of historical and ongoing municipal institutions of Tallinn, as wel .... References Further reading * T. Põld. ''Kullamaa katekismus''. Bielefeld-Tartu, 1996 Estonian books Estonian language 1524 books {{Estonia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include ''any'' written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from the rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of prints, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, music notation, explanatory figures, or illustrations. Terminology The word "manuscript" derives from the (from , hand and from , to write), and is first recorded in English in 1597. An earlier term in English that shares the meaning of a handwritten document is "hand-writ" (or "handwrit"), which is first attested around 1175 and is now rarely used. The study of the writing ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Language
Estonian ( ) is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 elsewhere. Classification By Convention (norm), conventions of historical linguistics, Estonian is classified as a part of the Finnic languages, Finnic (a.k.a. Baltic Finnic) branch of the Uralic languages, Uralic (a.k.a. Uralian, or Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric) language family. Other Finnic languages include Finnish language, Finnish and several endangered languages spoken around the Baltic Sea and in northwestern Russia. Estonian is typically subclassified as a Southern Finnic language, and it is the second-most-spoken language among all the Finnic languages. Alongside Finnish, Hungarian language, Hungarian and Maltese language, Maltese, Estonian is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord's Prayer
The Lord's Prayer, also known by its incipit Our Father (, ), is a central Christian prayer attributed to Jesus. It contains petitions to God focused on God’s holiness, will, and kingdom, as well as human needs, with variations across manuscripts and Christian traditions. Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when "one of his disciples said to him, 'Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples. Scholars generally agree that the differences between the Matthaean and Lucan versions of the Lord’s Prayer reflect independent developments from a common source. The first-century text '' Didache'' (at chapter VIII) reports a version closely resembling that of Matthew and the modern prayer. It ends with the Minor Doxology. Theologians broadly view the Lord’s Prayer as a model that aligns the soul with God’s will, emphasizing praise, tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hail Mary
The Hail Mary or Ave Maria (from its first words in Latin), also known as the Angelic or Angelical Salutation, is a traditional Catholic prayer addressing Mary, the mother of Jesus. The prayer is based on two biblical passages featured in the Gospel of Luke: the Angel Gabriel's visit to Mary (the Annunciation) and Mary's subsequent visit to Elisabeth, the mother of John the Baptist (the Visitation). It is also called the Angelical Salutation, as the prayer is based on the Archangel Gabriel's words to Mary. The Hail Mary is a prayer of praise for and of petition to Mary, regarded as the Theotokos (Mother of God). Since the 16th century, the version of the prayer used in the Catholic Church closes with an appeal for her intercession. The prayer takes different forms in various traditions and has often been set to music. In the Latin Church, the Hail Mary forms the basis of other prayers such as the Angelus and the Rosary. In the psalmody of the Oriental Orthodox Churches a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostles' Creed
The Apostles' Creed (Latin: ''Symbolum Apostolorum'' or ''Symbolum Apostolicum''), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith". "Its title is first found c.390 (Ep. 42.5 of Ambrose). ... Th presentform seems to have had a Hispano-Gallic origin ...". The creed most likely originated as a development of the Old Roman Symbol: the old Latin creed of the 4th century. It has been used in the Latin liturgical rites since the 8th century and, by extension, in the various modern branches of Western Christianity, including the modern liturgy and catechesis of the Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Methodism, Moravianism and Congregationalism. It is shorter than the full Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed adopted in 381, but it is still explicitly trinitarian in structure, with sections affirming belief in God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. It does not address some Christological is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Johansen
Paul Wulff Johansen (December 23, 1901 – April 14, 1965) was an Estonian and German historian of Danish origin. Early life and education Paul Johansen was born in Tallinn to Jens Christian Johansen, a Danish land improvement engineer. He was the brother of the writer Ingeborg Johansen. He studied at Tallinn Cathedral School and graduated in 1919. In the summer of the same year, he joined the as a , but he did not serve on the fronts of the War of Independence. At the end of 1919, he began studying in Copenhagen and soon in Germany, initially as an agricultural engineer, but he soon abandoned this direction in favor of history. In 1924, Johansen became a doctor of history at the University of Leipzig, and in 1924 he presented his dissertation ''Siedlung und Agrarwesen der Esten im Mittelalter'' (Settlement and Agriculture of Estonians in the Middle Ages) and received the research degree of doctor of philosophy (dr. phil.). He returned to Estonia and started working at the Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallinn City Archives
Tallinn City Archives () is an archive in Tallinn, Estonia. According to the archive's statute its purposes are as follows: "collect, organize and preserve the archival materials of historical and ongoing municipal institutions of Tallinn, as well as other records of archival value which are important to the study of the City of Tallinn and its history, and guarantee public access to them". Directors * 1883–1887 Theodor Schiemann * 1887–1900 Gotthard von Hansen * 1900–1934 Otto Greiffenhagen * 1934–1939 Paul Johansen * 1939–1944 Rudolf Kenkmaa * 1944–1950 Epp Siimo * 1950–1962 Alide Vain * 1962–1989 Edda-Cary Vendla * 1989–1996 Jüri Kivimäe * 1996–2007 Urmas Oolup * 2009– Küllo Arjakas Küllo Arjakas (born 10 October 1959 in Pärnu) is an Estonian historian and politician. He has been a member of the IX and X Riigikogu. He is a member of the Estonian Centre Party The Estonian Centre Party (, EK) is a populist political ... References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Books
Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also * * Estonia (other) * Languages of Estonia * List of Estonians This is a list of notable people from Estonia, or of Estonian ancestry. Architects * Andres Alver (born 1953) * Dmitri Bruns (1929–2020) * Karl Burman (1882–1965) * Eugen Habermann (1884–1944) * Georg Hellat (1870–1943) * Otto Pius Hip ... {{Disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
