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Kazallu
Kazalla or Kazallu (Ka-zal-luki) is the name given in Akkadian sources to a city in central Mesopotamia whose specific location is unknown. Its patron god was Numushda and his consort Namrat. There are indications that the god Lugal-awak also lived in Kazallu. The city disappears from history with the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire circa 1595 BC. Kazallu is mentioned in the Sumerian literary composition Lament for Sumer and Ur: History Early Bronze Age Akkadian Period Under its king Kashtubila, Kazalla warred against Sargon of Akkad in the 24th or 23rd century BC. Sargon laid the city of Kazalla to waste so effectively that "the birds could not find a place to perch away from the ground." This particular story was written a millennium or more after the fact and is considered a literary composition. The second ruler of the Akkadian Empire, Rimush, suppressed a revolt by Kazallu reporting: A number of land grant inscriptions, the predecessors of Kudurrus, from the reign of Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Language
Akkadian ( ; )John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages''. Ed. Roger D. Woodard (2004, Cambridge) Pages 218–280 was an East Semitic language that is attested in ancient Mesopotamia ( Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia and perhaps Dilmun) from the mid- third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Assyrians and Babylonians from the 8th century BC. Akkadian, which is the earliest documented Semitic language, is named after the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (–2154 BC). It was written using the cuneiform script, originally used for Sumerian, but also used to write multiple languages in the region including Eblaite, Hurrian, Elamite, Old Persian and Hittite. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian went beyond just the cuneiform script; owing to their close proximity, a lengthy span of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibbi-Sin
Ibbi-Sin (, ), (died c. 2004 BC) son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned c. 2028–2004 BC (Middle chronology). During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites. As faith in Ibbi-Sin's leadership failed, Elam declared its independence and began to raid as well. Ibbi-Sin ordered fortifications built at the important cities of Ur and Nippur, but these efforts were not enough to stop the raids or keep the empire unified. Cities throughout Ibbi-Sin's empire fell away from a king who could not protect them, notably Isin under the Amorite ruler Ishbi-Erra. Ibbi-Sin was, by the end of his kingship, left with only the city of Ur. In 2004 or 1940 BCE, the Elamites, along with "tribesmen from the region of Shimashki in the Zagros Mountains" sacked Ur and took Ibbi-Sin captive; he was taken to the city of Elam where he was imprisoned and, at an unknown date, died. Amorite invasion The Amorites were con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagash
Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul) is around away and marks the southern limit of the state. Nearby Girsu (modern Telloh), about northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state. The Lagash state's main temple was the E-ninnu at Girsu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The Lagash state incorporated the ancient cities of Lagash, Girsu, Nina. History Though some Uruk period pottery shards were found in a surface survey, significant occupation at the site of Lagash began early in the 3rd Millennium BC, in the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900–2600 BC), surface surveys and excavations show tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gudea
Gudea ( Sumerian: , ''Gu3-de2-a''; died 2124 BC) was a Sumerian ruler ('' ensi'') of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled –2060 BC ( short chronology) or 2144–2124 BC ( middle chronology). He probably did not come from the city, but had married Ninalla, daughter of the ruler Ur-Baba (2164–2144 BC) of Lagash, thus gaining entrance to the royal house of Lagash. He was succeeded by his son Ur-Ningirsu II. Gudea ruled at a time when the center of Sumer was still ruled by the Gutian dynasty, and when the Akkadian king Ishtup-Ilum ruled to the north in Mari. Under Gudea, Lagash had a golden age, and seemed to enjoy a high level of independence from the Gutians, a language isolate speaking people who had arrived from regions to the northeast of Mesopotamia. Inscriptions Gudea chose the title of ''énsi'' (town-king or governor), not the more exalted ( Akkadian ''šarrum''). Gudea did not style himself "god of Lagash" as he was not deified during his own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emutbal
Emutbal or Yamutbal was the name of a tribe or a region in ancient Mesopotamia, located to the east of the Tigris, stretching from the ancient city of Šar-Sin to Marud. In 1834 B.C.E. Kudur-Mabuk, the Amorite king, ruled the land. In 1784 B.C.E. the country was conquered by the Babylonian king Hammurabi Hammurabi (; ; ), also spelled Hammurapi, was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from to BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health. During his reign, he conquered the ci .... Notes References {{AncientNearEast-stub Ancient Near East Ancient Mesopotamia Geography of the Middle East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rîm-Anum
__NOTOC__ Rîm-Anum "ri-im-da-nu-um" (Also RimAnum) was a ruler of Uruk for about four years (18 months has also been suggested) and most notably was part of the widespread revolt, led by Rim-sin II of Larsa and including 26 cities, among them Uruk, Ur, Isin and Kisurra as well as three "Elamite" governors (Tanene, Werriri, Kalumatum), against the First Dynasty of Babylon, at that time ruled by Samsu-iluna (c. 1749–1712 BC), son of Hammurabi. Texts of Samsu-iluna indicate Rîm-Anum was captured but are uncertain about whether he was put to death or spared. The beginning of the reign of Rîm-Anum is generally taken as being the 8th regnal year of Samsu-iluna (c. 1742 BC), in the eighth month. Within a few years Uruk was back under the control of Babylon. While it is traditionally assumed that Rîm-Anum ruled from Uruk, at least part of the time, it has also been proposed that he ruled from Malgium. Many tablets of Rîm-Anum were found at the temple of Sîn-kāšid during ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erra-imitti
Erra-Imittī, (cuneiform: d''èr-ra-i-mit-ti''''Ur-Isin King List'' 14. or ''èr-ra-''ZAG.LU''Chronicle of Early Kings'' (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7. meaning “Support of Erra”) c. 1868–1861 BC ( MC), was king of Isin, modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, and according to the ''Sumerian King List'' ruled for eight years. He succeeded Lipit-Enlil, with whom his relationship is uncertain and was a contemporary and rival of Sūmû-El and Nūr-Adad of the parallel dynasty of Larsa. He is best known for the legendary tale of his demise, Shaffer’s “gastronomic mishap”. Biography He seems to have recovered control of Nippur from Larsa early in his reign but perhaps lost it again, as its recovery is celebrated again by his successor. The later regnal year-names offer some glimmer of events, for example “the year following the year Erra-Imittī seized Kisurra"BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-dib. (the modern site of Abū-Ḥaṭab) for the date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isin
Isin (, modern Arabic language, Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq which was the location of the Ancient Near East city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium Uruk period up until at least the late 1st millennium BC Neo-Babylonian period. It lies about southeast of the modern city of Al Diwaniyah. The tutelary deity of Isin, dating back to at least the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic period, was the healing goddess Gula (goddess), Gula with a major temple (, E-gal-ma) sited there as well as smaller installations for the related gods of Ninisina and Ninlil, Sud. Archaeology Isin is located approximately south of the ancient city of Nippur. The site covers an area of about 150 hectares with a maximum height of about 10 meters. By 1922 the site had been suggested as that of Isin. Ishan al-Bahriyat was visited by Stephen Herbert Langdon for a day to conduct a sounding, while he was excavating at K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kudur-Mabuk
Kudur-Mabuk (𒆪𒁺𒌨𒈠𒁍𒊌) was a ruler in the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1770 BC to 1754 BC (short chronology) or 1830s BC (middle chronology). His sons Warad-Sin (1834-1823) and Rim-Sin I (1822-1763) were kings of Larsa. His daughter En-ane-du was high priestess of the moon god in Ur. Chronology of the Larsa Dynasty, E.M. Grice , C.E. Keiser, M. Jastrow, AMS Press, 1979, See also *Chronology of the ancient Near East The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Historical inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers: "in the year X of king Y". Com ... * Kings of Larsa * Emutbal:one of the lands he ruled References 18th-century BC Sumerian kings Kings of Larsa {{AncientNearEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warad-Sin
Warad-Sin (, ARAD- Dsuen) ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1834-1823 BC ( MC). There are indications that his father Kudur-Mabuk was co-regent or at very least the power behind the throne. His sister En-ane-du was high priestess of the moon god in Ur.E.M. Grice , C.E. Keiser, M. Jastrow, Chronology of the Larsa Dynasty, AMS Press, 1979 Annals survive for his complete 12-year reign. He recorded that in his second year as king, he destroyed the walls of Kazallu, and defeated the army of Mutibal that had occupied Larsa. He was succeeded as king of Larsa by his brother Rim-Sin I. Gallery File:Foundation figurine of Warad-Sin for Inanna at Zabalam.jpg, Foundation figurine of Warad-Sin for Inanna at Zabalam File:Clay cylinder. The Akkadian cuneiform text mentions the name of Warad-Sin, ruler of Larsa. From Babylon. Isin-Larsa period, 1834-1823 BCE. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.jpg, Clay cylinder. The Akkadian cuneiform text mentions the name of Warad-Sin, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sin-Iqisham
Sin-Iqisham ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa Larsa (, read ''Larsamki''), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossus, Berossos and connected with the biblical Arioch, Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the Cult (religious pra ... from 1840 BC to 1835 BC ( MC). He was the son of Sin-Eribam and a contemporary of Zambiya of Isin.E.M. Grice , C.E. Keiser, M. Jastrow, Chronology of the Larsa Dynasty, AMS Press, 1979 The annals for his five-year reign record that he seized Pinaratim and Nazarum in his second year, and that he defeated Kazallu, Elam, and Zambiya, king of Isin and Babylon in his fifth year. See also * Chronology of the ancient Near East * List of Mesopotamian dynasties Notes External links Sin-Iqisham Year Names at CDLI Amorite kings 18th-century BC Sumerian kings Kings of Larsa {{AncientNearEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larsa
Larsa (, read ''Larsamki''), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossus, Berossos and connected with the biblical Arioch, Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the Cult (religious practice), cult of the sun god Utu with his temple E-babbar. It lies some southeast of Uruk in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate, near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal at the site of the modern settlement Tell as-Senkereh or Sankarah. Larsa is thought to be the source of a number of tablets involving Babylonian mathematics, including the Plimpton 322 tablet that contains patterns of Pythagorean triples. History Larsa is found (as UD.UNUG) on Proto-cuneiform lexical lists from the Uruk 4 period (late 4th millennium BC). A few Proto-cuneiform tablets were also found there. Three Neolithic clay tokens, from a slightly early period, were also found at Larsa. For most of its history Larsa was primarily a cult site for the god Utu. In the early p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
