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Jerzy Pawłowski
Jerzy Władysław Pawłowski (25 October 1932 – 11 January 2005) was a Polish fencer and double agent. Life While a major in the Polish Army, Pawłowski won the gold medal in the individual saber event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, the first non-Hungarian in 48 years to win an Olympic sabre gold medal. He took part in a total of six Olympic Games from 1952 to 1972, garnering additionally three silver medals and a bronze at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.PAWŁOWSKI JERZY WŁADYSŁAW (1932–2005) olimpijski.pl In 1967 the International Fencing Federation declared him the best fencer of all time. He was arreste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1963 World Fencing Championships
The 1963 World Fencing Championships were held in Gdańsk, Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou .... Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References FIE Results{{World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships Fencing Championships F Sports competitions in Gdańsk 1963 in fencing 20th century in Gdańsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saber
A sabre (French: �sabʁ or saber in American English) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry. The military sabre was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon in that it allows for cuts as well as thrusts. Etymology The English ''sabre'' is recorded from the 1670s, as a direct loan from French, where the ''sabre'' is an alteration of ''sable'', which was in turn loaned from German ''Säbel'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Medal
A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture. Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have been awarded in the arts, for example, by the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, usually as a symbol of an award to give an outstanding student some financial freedom. Others offer only the prestige of the award. Many organizations now award gold medals either annually or extraordinarily, including various academic societies. While some gold medals are solid gold, others are gold-plated or silver-gilt, like those of the Olympic Games, the Lorentz Medal, the United States Congressional Gold Medal and the Nobel Prize medal. Nobel Prize medals consist of 18 karat green gold plated with 24 karat gold. Before 1980 they were struck in 23 karat gold. Military origins Before the establishment of standard military awards, e.g., the Medal of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Agent
In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization. Double agentry may be practised by spies of the target organization who infiltrate the controlling organization or may result from the ''turning'' (switching sides) of previously loyal agents of the controlling organization by the target. The threat of execution is the most common method of turning a captured agent (working for an intelligence service) into a double agent (working for a foreign intelligence service) or a double agent into a ''re-doubled agent''. It is unlike a defector, who is not considered an agent as agents are in place to function for an intelligence service and defectors are not, but some consider that defectors in place are agents until they have defected. Double agents are oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fencing
Fencing is a group of three related combat sports. The three disciplines in modern fencing are the foil, the épée, and the sabre (also ''saber''); winning points are made through the weapon's contact with an opponent. A fourth discipline, singlestick, appeared in the 1904 Olympics but was dropped after that and is not a part of modern fencing. Fencing was one of the first sports to be played in the Olympics. Based on the traditional skills of swordsmanship, the modern sport arose at the end of the 19th century, with the Italian school having modified the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and the French school later refining the Italian system. There are three forms of modern fencing, each of which uses a different kind of weapon and has different rules; thus the sport itself is divided into three competitive scenes: foil, épée, and sabre. Most competitive fencers choose to specialize in one weapon only. Competitive fencing is one of the five acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 World Fencing Championships
The 1970 World Fencing Championships were held in Ankara, Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in .... Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References FIE Results{{World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships, 1970 Sports competitions in Ankara 1970s in Ankara International fencing competitions hosted by Turkey 1970 in fencing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 World Fencing Championships
The 1958 World Fencing Championships were held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori .... Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References FIE Results{{World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships F 1958 in sports in Pennsylvania 1950s in Philadelphia Sports competitions in Philadelphia 1958 in fencing 1958 in American sports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 World Fencing Championships
The 1953 World Fencing Championships were held in Brussels, Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th .... Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References {{World Fencing Championships 1953 in Belgian sport 1953 in fencing F Sports competitions in Brussels World Fencing Championships 1950s in Brussels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 World Fencing Championships
The 1971 FIE World Championships in Fencing, World Fencing Championships were held in Vienna, Austria. The event took place from July 4 to July 17, 1971. Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References FIE Results {{World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships International fencing competitions hosted by Austria, F 1971 in Austrian sport 1970s in Vienna Sports competitions in Vienna 1971 in fencing July 1971 sports events in Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1969 World Fencing Championships
The 1969 World Fencing Championships were held in Havana, Cuba. The event took place from September 30 to October 12, 1969, at the Ciudad Deportiva Coliseum. Overview The Havana World championships were the third straight major fencing event held in the Americas after the 1967 edition in Montreal and the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico. Cuba gave the competition political overtones, including it in the celebrations for the ten years of the Cuban Revolution. Fencing was also stopped on 8 October for a commemoration of the anniversary of Che Guevara's death. The United States, who do not have formal diplomatic relations with Cuba, sent a restricted delegation of 25 fencers. The competition was also marred by numerous failures of the electrical apparatus to the heat and humidity. On sportive terms, the championships were dominated by countries of the Eastern Bloc, especially the Soviet Union, who claimed all three men's team titles. Romania earned their first women's world title. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1967 World Fencing Championships
The 1967 World Fencing Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by to .... The event took place from July 5 to July 16, 1967. Medal table Medal summary Men's events Women's events References {{World Fencing Championships World Fencing Championships F 1967 in Canadian sports Sports competitions in Montreal July 1967 sports events in Canada 1960s in Montreal 1967 in Quebec 1967 in fencing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
