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Judiceratops Parietal Fragment
''Judiceratops'' ( ; meaning "Judith River horned face") is an extinct horned dinosaur. It lived around 78 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period in what is now Montana, United States. Like other horned dinosaurs, ''Judiceratops'' was a large, quadrupedal herbivore. It is the oldest known chasmosaurine. Description The holotype YPM VPPU 022404 consists of an incomplete skull including the horns, parts of the frills, and fragments from the back of the frill. Other fragmentary specimens are known from the same area, which preserve distinctive features of the frill. ''Judiceratops'' shows a distinctive combination of characters, not seen in other ceratopsids. Its frill (parietal bone) has a broad midline bar, a rounded caudal margin, and reduced osteoderms (bony projections) on the rear edge of the frill, the epiparietals. The osteoderms on the lateral margins of the frill are large near the front, but small towards the back. The postorbital (located above the eye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoderm
Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amphibians), various groups of dinosaurs (most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities). Osteoderms are uncommon in mammals, although they have occurred in many xenarthrans ( armadillos and the extinct glyptodonts and mylodontid and scelidotheriid ground sloths). The heavy, bony osteoderms have evolved independently in many different lineages. The armadillo osteoderm is believed to develop in subcutaneous dermal tissues. These varied structures should be thought of as anatomical analogues, not homologues, and do not necessarily indicate monophyly. The structures are however derived from scutes, common to all classes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrhinoceratops
''Arrhinoceratops'' (meaning "no nose-horn face", derived from the Ancient Greek "a-/α-" "no", rhis/ῥίς "nose" "keras/κέρας" "horn", "-ops/ὤψ" "face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. The name was coined as its original describer concluded it was special because the nose-horn was not a separate bone, however further analysis revealed this was based on a misunderstanding. It lived during the latest Campanian/earliest Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, predating its famous relative ''Triceratops'' by a few million years, although it was contemporary with ''Anchiceratops''. Its remains have been found in Canada. Discoveries and species Described by William Arthur Parks in 1925, ''Arrhinoceratops'' is known from a partially crushed, slightly distorted skull which lacked the lower jaws. The remains were collected from the Neill's Ranch site, along the Red Deer River in Alberta by a 1923 expedition from the University of Toronto.Parks, W.A. (1925). " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coahuilaceratops
''Coahuilaceratops'' (meaning "Coahuila horn face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period (late Campanian stage) in what is now southern Coahuila in northern Mexico. It is known from the holotype CPC 276, a partial skeleton of an adult individual which includes several skull elements. Another specimen, CPS 277, may represent a juvenile ''Coahuilaceratops''. All specimens of ''Coahuilaceratops'' were collected from a single location in the middle strata of the Cerro del Pueblo Formation, which dates to between 72.5 and 71.4 million years ago.Loewen, M.A., Sampson, S.D., Lund, E.K., Farke, A.A., Aguillón-Martínez, M.C., de Leon, C.A., Rodríguez-de la Rosa, R.A., Getty, M.A., Eberth, D.A., 2010, "Horned Dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bravoceratops
''Bravoceratops'' is a genus of large chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur that lived approximately 70 million years ago, and is known from the Late Cretaceous Javelina Formation in what is now Texas, United States. Discovery and naming ''Bravoceratops'' is only known from the holotype specimen TMM 46015-1; it is housed in the collection of the Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, Texas. The skull consists of a number of fragments, altogether including: the , parts of each brow horn, the rear end of the left , assorted parts of the nasal area and horn, the , and quadratojugals from each side, a section of the and , multiple parts of the dentary, and some of the right . It was recovered from the lowermost rocks of the Javelina Formation, in Big Bend National Park; ceratopsid fossils are uncommon in this formation, giving the discovery of ''Bravoceratops'' importance in clarifying the groups' diversity. The specimen was found in sandy conglomerate sediment at the Hippiewalk geologic loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchiceratops
''Anchiceratops'' ( ) is an extinct genus of chasmosaurinae, chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur that lived approximately 72 to 71 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period (geology), Period in what is now Alberta, Canada. ''Anchiceratops'' was a medium-sized, heavily built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore that could grow up to an estimated long. Its skull featured two long brow horns and a short horn on the nose. The skull frill was elongated and rectangular, its edges adorned by coarse triangular projections. About a dozen skulls of the genus have been found. History of discovery The first remains of ''Anchiceratops'' were discovered along the Red Deer River in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Alberta in 1912 by an expedition led by Barnum Brown. The holotype, specimen AMNH 5251, is the back half of a skull, including the long frill, and two other partial skulls, specimens AMNH 5259 (the paratype) and AMNH 5273, were f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmoceratops
''Kosmoceratops'' () is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived in North America about 76–75.9 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Specimens were discovered in Utah in the Kaiparowits Formation of the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in 2006 and 2007, including an adult skull and postcranial skeleton and partial subadults. In 2010, the adult was made the holotype of the new genus and species ''Kosmoceratops richardsoni''; the generic name means "ornate horned face", and the specific name honors Scott Richardson, who found the specimens. The find was part of a spate of ceratopsian discoveries in the early 21st century, and ''Kosmoceratops'' was considered significant due to its elaborate skull ornamentation. ''Kosmoceratops'' had an estimated length of and a weight of . As a ceratopsid, it would have been quadrupedal with a heavily constructed skeleton. It had a triangular beak with a pointed tip and a blade-like nasal horn with a flattened u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utahceratops
''Utahceratops'' is an extinct genus of ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 76.4~75.5 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Utah. ''Utahceratops'' was a large-sized, robustly-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, that could grow up to an estimated long. Discovery The genus name ''Utahceratops'', means "horned face from Utah", and is derived from the state of Utah and Greek words "keras" (κέρας) meaning "horn" and "ops" (ὤψ) referring to the "face". The specific name ''gettyi'', is derived from the name of Mike Getty, who discovered the holotype and has played a pivotal role in the recovery of fossils from the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM). It was first named by Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith and Alan L. Titus in 2010, and the type species is ''Utahceratops gettyi''. Description The holotype specimen UMNH VP 16784, consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentaceratops Sternbergii
''Pentaceratops'' ("five-horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. Fossils of this animal were first discovered in 1921, but the genus was named in 1923 when its type species, ''Pentaceratops sternbergii'', was described. ''Pentaceratops'' lived around 76–73 million years ago, its remains having been mostly found in the Kirtland Formation in the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. About a dozen skulls and skeletons have been uncovered, so anatomical understanding of ''Pentaceratops'' is fairly complete. One exceptionally large specimen later became its own genus, ''Titanoceratops'', due to its more derived morphology, similarities to ''Triceratops,'' and lack of unique characteristics shared with ''Pentaceratops''. ''Pentaceratops'' was about 6 meters (20 feet) long, and has been estimated to have weighed around . It had a short nose horn, two long brow horns, and long horns on the jugal bones. Its skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agujaceratops
''Agujaceratops'' (meaning "horned face from Aguja") is a genus of horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of west Texas. It is a chasmosaurine (long-frilled) ceratopsian. Two species are known, ''Agujaceratops mariscalensis'', and ''A''. ''mavericus''. Discovery and species In 1938, three dinosaur bone beds were excavated, and ceratopsian material was collected from Big Bend National Park (Texas) by William Strain. This material was studied by Lehman in 1989 and named ''Chasmosaurus mariscalensis''. It is known only from the holotype UTEP P.37.7.086 a partial adult skull which includes a braincase, left supraorbital horncore, left maxilla and a right dentary. Additional material was associated with the holotype, but not considered to be part of it. All specimens of ''Agujaceratops'' were collected from the lower part of the Upper Shale member of the Aguja Formation, dating to about 77 million years ago, in the Big Bend National Park, Brewster County. Additio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mojoceratops
''Chasmosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period of North America. Its name means 'opening lizard', referring to the large openings ( fenestrae) in its frill (Greek ''chasma'' meaning 'opening' or 'hollow' or 'gulf' and ''sauros'' meaning 'lizard'). With a length of and a weight of , ''Chasmosaurus'' was a ceratopsian of average size. Like all ceratopsians, it was purely herbivorous. It was initially to be called ''Protorosaurus'', but this name had been previously published for another animal. All specimens of ''Chasmosaurus'' were collected from the Dinosaur Park Formation of the Dinosaur Provincial Park of Alberta, Canada. Referred specimens of ''C. russelli'' come from the lower beds of the formation while ''C. belli'' comes from middle and upper beds. Discovery and species In 1898, at ''Berry Creek'', Alberta, Lawrence Morris Lambe of the Geological Survey of Canada made the first discovery of ''Chasmosaurus'' remains; holotype NMC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasmosaurus
''Chasmosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period of North America. Its name means 'opening lizard', referring to the large openings (fenestrae) in its frill (Greek ''chasma'' meaning 'opening' or 'hollow' or 'gulf' and ''sauros'' meaning 'lizard'). With a length of and a weight of , ''Chasmosaurus'' was a ceratopsian of average size. Like all ceratopsians, it was purely herbivorous. It was initially to be called ''Protorosaurus'', but this name had been previously published for another animal. All specimens of ''Chasmosaurus'' were collected from the Dinosaur Park Formation of the Dinosaur Provincial Park of Alberta, Canada. Referred specimens of ''C. russelli'' come from the lower beds of the formation while ''C. belli'' comes from middle and upper beds. Discovery and species In 1898, at ''Berry Creek'', Alberta, Lawrence Morris Lambe of the Geological Survey of Canada made the first discovery of ''Chasmosaurus'' remains; holotype NM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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