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IPTBO
IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Generally, bicyclic phosphates disrupt chloride ion flow through GABA receptors, causing CNS overstimulation and lethal convulsions within minutes. IPTBO has these effects when injected, inhaled, or ingested and is one of the more toxic types of this antagonist. Discovery Derivatives of IPTBO are used in spectroscopic studies and as flame retardants, vinyl resin stabilizers, and antioxidants (due to their ability to terminate oxidation reactions). It had also previously been used as plane engine lubricant, and contributed to "aerotoxic syndrome". Generally speaking, toxic phosphorus esters are used as insecticides or chemical weapons (such as DFP), but unlike most phosphorus esters, IPTBO doesn’t inhibit acetylcholinesterase, despit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicyclic Phosphate
Bicyclic phosphate is a class of organophosphate compounds that are used as flame retardants, stabilizers and antioxidants. They are also used in spectroscopic studies. Some bicyclic phosphates, such as TBPS, TBPO and IPTBO, are highly toxic. They have toxicity comparable to nerve agents. However, they are not acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. They act as GABA receptor antagonists and have potent convulsant effects. See also *Convulsant * TBPS * TBPO *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... References Convulsants Neurotoxins GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Organophosphates Phosphate esters {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicyclic Phosphates
Bicyclic phosphate is a class of organophosphate compounds that are used as flame retardants, stabilizers and antioxidants. They are also used in spectroscopic studies. Some bicyclic phosphates, such as TBPS, TBPO and IPTBO, are highly toxic. They have toxicity comparable to nerve agents. However, they are not acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. They act as GABA receptor antagonists and have potent convulsant effects. See also *Convulsant * TBPS * TBPO *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... References Convulsants Neurotoxins GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Organophosphates Phosphate esters {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicyclic Phosphate
Bicyclic phosphate is a class of organophosphate compounds that are used as flame retardants, stabilizers and antioxidants. They are also used in spectroscopic studies. Some bicyclic phosphates, such as TBPS, TBPO and IPTBO, are highly toxic. They have toxicity comparable to nerve agents. However, they are not acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. They act as GABA receptor antagonists and have potent convulsant effects. See also *Convulsant * TBPS * TBPO *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... References Convulsants Neurotoxins GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Organophosphates Phosphate esters {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convulsant
A convulsant is a drug which induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, the opposite of an anticonvulsant. These drugs generally act as stimulants at low doses, but are not used for this purpose due to the risk of convulsions and consequent excitotoxicity. Most convulsants are antagonists (or inverse agonists) at either the GABAA or glycine receptors, or ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Many other drugs may cause convulsions as a side effect at high doses (e.g. bupropion, tramadol, pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, clomipramine) but only drugs whose primary action is to cause convulsions are known as convulsants. Nerve agents such as sarin, which were developed as chemical weapons, produce convulsions as a major part of their toxidrome, but also produce a number of other effects in the body and are usually classified separately. Dieldrin which was developed as an insecticide blocks chloride influx into the neurons causing hyperexcitability of the CNS and convulsions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convulsants
A convulsant is a drug which induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, the opposite of an anticonvulsant. These drugs generally act as stimulants at low doses, but are not used for this purpose due to the risk of convulsions and consequent excitotoxicity. Most convulsants are antagonists (or inverse agonists) at either the GABAA or glycine receptors, or ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Many other drugs may cause convulsions as a side effect at high doses (e.g. bupropion, tramadol, pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, clomipramine) but only drugs whose primary action is to cause convulsions are known as convulsants. Nerve agents such as sarin, which were developed as chemical weapons, produce convulsions as a major part of their toxidrome, but also produce a number of other effects in the body and are usually classified separately. Dieldrin which was developed as an insecticide blocks chloride influx into the neurons causing hyperexcitability of the CNS and convu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopentylene Fluorophosphate
Neopentylene fluorophosphate, also known as NPF, is an organophosphate compound that is classified as a nerve agent. It has a comparatively low potency, but is stable and persistent, with a delayed onset of action and long duration of effects. See also * Diisopropyl fluorophosphate * IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... References Organophosphate insecticides Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Phosphorofluoridates Dioxaphosphorinanes {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EBOB
EBOB is a GABA receptor antagonist and neurotoxin. See also * TBPS *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... * TBPO * BIDN References {{Convulsants Convulsants GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Ethynyl compounds Orthoesters Oxygen heterocycles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TBPS
TBPS (''tert''-butylbicyclophosphorothionate) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist. See also *IPTBO *EBOB EBOB is a GABA receptor antagonist and neurotoxin. See also * TBPS *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions ... References Bicyclic phosphates Convulsants Neurotoxins Tert-butyl compounds Organothiophosphate esters Oxygen heterocycles GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TBPO
TBPO is an extremely toxic bicyclic phosphate convulsant and GABA receptor antagonist. It is the most toxic bicyclic phosphate known, with an of 36 μg/kg in mice. See also *TBPS *IPTBO IPTBO (isopropylbicyclophosphate, also IPPO) is a bicyclic phosphate convulsant. It is an extremely potent GABA receptor antagonist that can cause violent convulsions in mice. IPTBO is found among a group of highly toxic bicyclic phosphates. Ge ... References Convulsants Neurotoxins Bicyclic phosphates GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators Tert-butyl compounds {{Neurotoxin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopropyl Compounds
In organic chemistry, propyl is a three- carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula for the linear form. This substituent form is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom attached to the terminal carbon of propane. A propyl substituent is often represented in organic chemistry with the symbol Pr (not to be confused with the element praseodymium). An isomeric form of propyl is obtained by moving the point of attachment from a terminal carbon atom to the central carbon atom, named 1-methylethyl or isopropyl. To maintain four substituents on each carbon atom, one hydrogen atom has to be moved from the middle carbon atom to the carbon atom which served as attachment point in the ''n''-propyl variant, written as . Linear propyl is sometimes termed normal and hence written with a prefix ''n''- (i.e., ''n-''propyl), as the absence of the prefix ''n''- does not indicate which attachment point is chosen, i.e. absence of prefix does not automatically exclude the possibility of it bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurotoxins
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insultsSpencer 2000 that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue.Olney 2002 The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate,Choi 1987 nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin,Simpson 1986 and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations. Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organophosphate Poisoning
Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. Symptoms can last for days to weeks. Organophosphate poisoning occurs most commonly as a suicide attempt in farming areas of the developing world and less commonly by accident. Exposure can be from drinking, breathing in the vapors, or skin exposure. The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to the buildup of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and can be confirmed by measuring butyrylcholinesterase activity in the blood. Carbamate poisoning can present similarly. Prevention efforts include banning very toxic types of organop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
