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Ibn Sharaf
Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawānī (; Anno Domini, AD 999/1000–1067 [Anno Hegirae, AH 390–460]) was an Arabs, Arab Muslim writer and court poet who served first the Zīrids in Ifrīqiya (Africa) and later various sovereigns in al-Andalus (Spain). He wrote in Arabic. Most of his works have been Lost literary work, lost. Life Ibn Sharaf, full name Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd ibn Aḥmad Ibn Sharaf al-Judhāmī al-Qayrawānī, was born in al-Qayrawān in AD 1000 (AH 390). He had only one good eye. He learned poetry under Abu ʾl-Ḥasan al-Qābisī and Abū ʿImrān al-Fāsī, grammar under Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Qazzāz, ''Adab (literature), adab'' (belles-lettres) under Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn Tamīm al-Qayrawānī, al-Ḥuṣrī and probably astrology under ʿAlī Ibn Abī l-Rijāl. He became a court poet of the Emir al-Muʿizz ibn Bādīs, who is said to have stoked his rivalry with fellow poet Ibn Rashīq al-Qayrawānī, Ibn Rashīq. The two poet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anno Domini
The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian and Julian calendar, Julian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", taken from the full original phrase "", which translates to "in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ". The form "BC" is specific to English language, English, and equivalent abbreviations are used in other languages: the Latin (language), Latin form, rarely used in English, is (ACN) or (AC). This calendar era takes as its epoch (date reference), epoch the traditionally reckoned year of the annunciation, conception or Nativity of Jesus, birth of Jesus. Years ''AD'' are counted forward since that epoch and years ''BC'' are counted backward from the epoch. There is no year zero in this scheme; thus the year AD 1 immediately follows the year 1 BC. This dating system was devised in 525 by Dionysius Exiguus but was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muʿizz Ibn Bādīs
Al-Muʿizz ibn Bādīs (; 19 January 1008 – 2 September 1062) was the fourth ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya, reigning from 1016 to 1062. His regent was his paternel aunt Saïda bint Mansur until he reached majority. Name Ibn Khallikan wrote that the name "al-Mu'izz" was ordinarily an epithet (''laqab''), but in the case of al-Mu'izz ibn Badis it seems to have been his given name ('' ism''). Ibn Khallikan wrote that he had searched in various books and consulted with scholars from North Africa in an attempt to determine whether al-Mu'izz had a different given name, but he never found any; in the absence of any suggestion to the contrary, he concluded that "al-Mu'izz" must have been his given name. Political career According to Ibn Khallikan, al-Mu'izz ibn Badis was born at al-Mansuriya on 19 January 1008 (7 Jumada al-Awwal, 398 AH). Al-Muizz ascended the throne as a minor following the death of his father Badis ibn Mansur, with his aunt, Umm Mallal, acting as regent. Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwan (poetry)
A diwan (from Persian language, Persian ; ) is a collection of Poetry, poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's Mathnawi (poetic form), long poems – in Islamic cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia. The vast majority of Diwan poetry was Lyric poetry, lyric in nature: either ghazals (or ''gazel''s, which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition) or ''kasîde''s. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the ''mesnevî''—a kind of Courtly romance, verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the ''Layla and Majnun'' (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the ''Hüsn ü Aşk'' (حسن و عشق – 'Beauty and Love') of Şeyh Gâlib. Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab, Turkic and Indic worlds, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, albeit not always in the same way. Etymology The English usage of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Bassām
Ibn Bassām or Ibn Bassām al-Shantarīnī (; 1058-1147) was an Arab-Andalusian poet and historian from al-Andalus. He was born in Santarém (sometimes spelled Shantarin or Xantarin) and hailed from the Banu Taghlib tribe. He died in 1147. Ibn Bassam describes how the incessant invasions of the Christians forced him to run away from Santarém in Portugal, "the last of the cities of the west," after seeing his lands ravaged and his wealth destroyed, a ruined man with no possessions save his battered sword. Especially well known is his anthology (The Treasury concerning the Merits of the People of Iberia), an important source relating to the Almoravid The Almoravid dynasty () was a Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus, starting in the 1050s and lasting until its fall to the Almo ... dynasty. In an article about the poet in this work, Ibn Bassam describes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu ʾl-Faḍl Jaʿfar Ibn Muḥammad
Abu ʾl-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ( AD 1052/3–1139 Anno Hegirae">AH 444–534 was an Al-Andalus">Andalusi Arab">Anno Hegirae">AH 444–534">Anno_Hegirae.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Anno Hegirae">AH 444–534 was an Al-Andalus">Andalusi Arab poet and aphorist from Kairouan. He moved to al-Andalus with his father, Ibn Sharaf, in 1057. He served as a vizier to Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim of Almería, Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim () of Taifa of Almería, Almería. His works are mainly lost, but he is known to have composed in the panegyric and gnomic genres of poetry. He penned two collections of aphorisms and maxims in both prose and verse, ''Nujḥ al-nuṣḥ'' and ''Sirr al-birr''. He wrote an ''urjūza'' on asceticism. A few of his poems are quoted in anthologies and Ibn Bassām preserves a few verses and vizierial letters. He had a son, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad, who was also a gnomic poet, according to al-Maqqarī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-Tilmisānī (or al-Maḳ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seville
Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 , and a Seville metropolitan area, metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia and the List of metropolitan areas in Spain, fourth-largest city in Spain. Its old town, with an area of , contains a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising three buildings: the Alcázar of Seville, Alcázar palace complex, the Seville Cathedral, Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above in July and August. Seville was founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taifa Of Almería
The Taifa of Almería (, ) was a Muslim medieval Arab kingdom located in what is now the province of Almería in Spain. The taifa originated in 1012 and lasted until 1091. In this period the city of Almería reached its historical splendour under powerful local emirs like Khayran, the first fully independent Emir of Almería and Cartagena, and Abu Yahyà Muhammad ben Ma'n. Almería declared independence of its province from Caliphate of Cordoba around 1012. It remained as an independent kingdom, although several campaigns of the Taifa of Seville diminished its territory in the north. The kingdom was important due to its strategic location, its harbour, and a developed and very important textile industry, with around five thousand looms, being also a center of silk industry, which originated a very strong commerce with other parts of Europe and which remained until the Muslims were expelled in early 17th century. The emirs of Granada, Seville and Valencia tried to conquer the li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berja
Berja () is a municipality, former bishopric and Latin titular see in Almería (province), Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located on the south-eastern slope of the Sierra de Gádor, 16 km north-east of Adra, Spain, Adra. History Berja may have Phoenician or Iberians, Iberian origins; it was known to the Roman Empire, Romans as ''Vergis'' or ''Vergium'', and it was part of the province of Baetica. There are Roman remains in the Villa Vieja: an amphitheater and an Aqueduct (water supply), aqueduct, and mosaics whose style and production are similar to those found in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Saint Ctesiphon (''San Tesifón''), the patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to the town. From this era are conserved coins, crosses and a sarcophagus found in the neighborhood of Alcaudique, which is now in the National Archaeological Museum (''Museo Arqueológico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taifas
The taifas (from ''ṭā'ifa'', plural ''ṭawā'if'', meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031. They were a recurring feature of al-Andalus history. The ''taifas'' were eventually incorporated by the Almoravid dynasty in the late 11th century and, on its collapse, many ''taifas'' re-appeared only to be incorporated by the Almohad Caliphate. The fall of the Almohads resulted in a flourishing of the ''taifas'', and this was the case despite constant warfare with Christian kingdoms. Taifa kings were wary of calling themselves "kings", so they took the title of ''hajib'', presenting themselves as representatives for a temporarily absent caliph. The ''taifa'' courts were renowned centres of cultural excellence in which poets, scientists, and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalbids
The Kalbids () were a Muslim Arab dynasty which ruled the Emirate of Sicily from 948 to 1053. They were formally appointed by the Fatimids, but gained, progressively, ''de facto'' autonomous rule. Family origins The Kalbids descended from the Arab tribe of Banu Kalb, members of which frequently served as governors, administrators and high-ranking officials in Ifriqiya (central North Africa) during the Umayyad period (–750). During the rule of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (800–909), the fortunes of the Kalb declined as the rulers there favored the tribe's rivals from the Qays–Mudar group. When the Fatimids conquered Ifriqiya in 909, the Kalb, having been an important military and religious support for the Fatimids, were quick to attain high influence in the new regime. By this time, the Kalbids were allied with the Kutama Berbers, a mainstay of the Fatimid army. History In 827, in the midst of internal Byzantine conflict, the Muslim conquest of Sicily began: the Aghlabids ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazara
Mazara del Vallo (; is a city and in the province of Trapani, northwestern Sicily, Italy. It lies mainly on the left bank at the mouth of the Mazaro river. It is an agricultural and fishing centre and its harbor, port gives shelter to the largest fishing fleet in Italy. The city is also one of the most historically significant in Sicily. History Etymology and origins Mazara was founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th century BC with the name of ''Mazar'' who made it an important mercantile emporium. The discovery of Phoenician vases demonstrate the existence of a Phoenician port built between the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Other evidence is in the palace of the Knights of Malta, where finds show the existence of the ancient Punic trading post. Also, a stone slab engraved with a Phoenician inscription found in the channel of the river Màzaro is now preserved in the Museum of the Dancing Satyr. It then passed under the control of Greece, Greeks, Carthage, Carthaginians, Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamīm Ibn Al-Muʿizz
Tamim ibn al-Mu'izz (; 6 July 1031 - 29 February 1108) was the fifth ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya (1062–1108). Tamim took over from his father al-Mu'izz ibn Badis (1016–1062) at a time when the Zirid realm found itself in a state of disintegration following the invasion of the Banu Hilal. Only the coastal towns were under control, and a reconquest of the hinterland from the Bedouin failed. Even on the coast the Zirids were not unchallenged - Tunis was lost to the Khurasanid dynasty (1063–1128). The capital, Mahdia, was attacked by the city-states of Genoa and Pisa in 1087 and forced to pay a high ransom - a sign of the growing dominance of Christian powers in the Mediterranean which also manifested itself in the Norman conquest of Sicily (1061–1093). Tamim is described as handsome, both his face and sculpture ; he was well-built, had a pearly complexion, a slim nose and wide-open eyebrows. He also purged himself frequently, thinking he was maintaining his health, he u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
