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Hermann Bondi
Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Austrian-British people, British mathematician and physical cosmology, cosmologist. He is best known for developing the steady state model of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. He contributed to the theory of general relativity,Obituaries: Professor Sir Hermann Bondi(12 September 2005) in ''The Independent''. Professor Sir Hermann Bondi(2005-09-13) in ''The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph''. Sir Hermann Bondi(2005-09-14) in ''The Guardian''. Sir Hermann Bondi: 1919–2005(2005-09-14) in ''Physics World'', Institute of Physics, IOP. Black hole scientist Bondi dies(2005-09-17), BBC News. and was the first to analyze the Mass#Inertial vs. gravitational mass, inertial and gravitational interaction of negative mass and the first to explicate correctly the nature of gravitational waves. In his 1990 autobiography, Bondi regarded the 1962 work on gravitational waves as h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. Its larger metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.9 million, representing nearly one-third of the country's population. Vienna is the Culture of Austria, cultural, Economy of Austria, economic, and Politics of Austria, political center of the country, the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fifth-largest city by population in the European Union, and the most-populous of the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (''Wienerwald''), the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria, at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass In General Relativity
General relativity does not offer a single definition of the term ''mass'', but offers several different definitions that are applicable under different circumstances. Under some circumstances, the mass of a system in general relativity may not even be defined. The subtlety of this definition stems from the fact that the energy and momentum in a gravitational field cannot be unambiguously localized. As such, rigorous definitions of ''mass'' in general relativity cannot be not local as they are in classical mechanics or special relativity, but must make reference to the asymptotic nature of spacetime. A well-defined notion of mass exists for asymptotically flat spacetimes and for asymptotically anti-de Sitter space. However, these definitions must be used with care in other settings. Defining mass in general relativity: concepts and obstacles In special relativity, the rest mass of a particle can be defined unambiguously in terms of its energy and momentum (see Mass in special r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alec Broers
Alec Nigel Broers, Baron Broers (born 17 September 1938) is a British electrical engineer. In 1994 Broers was elected an international member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to electronic beam lithography and microscopy and for leadership in microfabrication. Education and early life Broers was born in Calcutta, India and educated at Geelong Grammar School and Melbourne University in Australia and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in England. Career Broers then worked in the research and development laboratories of IBM in the United States for 19 years before returning to Cambridge in 1984 to become Professor of Electrical Engineering (1984–96) and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge (1985–90). He is a pioneer of nanotechnology. Broers subsequently became Master of Churchill College, Cambridge (1990–96) and Head of the Cambridge University Engineering Department (1993–96). He was Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, 1996–2003. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Churchill College, Cambridge
Churchill College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but retains a strong interest in the arts and humanities. In 1958, a trust was established with Winston Churchill, Sir Winston Churchill as its chairman of trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 students as a national and Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II, in August 1960. It is situated on the outskirts of Cambridge, away from the traditional centre of the city, but close to the University's main West Cambridge, new development zone (which now houses the Centre for Mathematical Sciences (Cambridge), Centre for Mathematical Sciences). It has of grounds, the largest area of the Cambridge colleges. Churchill was the first formerly all-male c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biographical Memoirs Of Fellows Of The Royal Society
The ''Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society'' is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society. It publishes obituaries of Fellows of the Royal Society. It was established in 1932 as ''Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society'' and obtained its current title in 1955, with volume numbering restarting at 1. Prior to 1932, obituaries were published in the '' Proceedings of the Royal Society''. The memoirs are a significant historical record and most include a full bibliography of works by the subjects. The memoirs are often written by a scientist of the next generation, often one of the subject's own former students, or a close colleague. In many cases the author is also a Fellow. Notable biographies published in this journal include Albert Einstein, Alan Turing, Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fellow Of The Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science". Overview Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to :Fellows of the Royal Society, around 8,000 fellows, including eminent scientists Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by King George I of Great Britain, George I on 18 May 1725. Recipients of the Order are usually senior British Armed Forces, military officers or senior Civil Service (United Kingdom), civil servants, and the monarch awards it on the advice of His Majesty's Government. The name derives from an elaborate medieval ceremony for preparing a candidate to receive his knighthood, of which ritual bathing (as a symbol of Ritual purification, purification) was an element. While not all knights went through such an elaborate ceremony, knights so created were known as "knights of the Bath". George I constituted the Knights of the Bath as a regular Order (honour), military order. He did not revive the order, which did not previously exist, in the sense of a body of knights governed by a set of statutes and whose numbers were replenished when vacancies occurred. The Order consists of the Sovereign of the United King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Scott Prize Lectureship
The James Scott Prize Lectureship is given every four years by the Royal Society of Edinburgh The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was establis ... for a lecture on the fundamental concepts of Natural Philosophy. The prize was established in 1918 as a memorial to James Scott by trustees of his estate. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Scott Prize Lectureship, James Scottish awards Awards established in 1918 1918 establishments in Scotland Quadrennial events Science lecture series Events in Edinburgh Education in Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Physics Michael Faraday Medal And Prize
The Michael Faraday Medal and Prize is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics in experimental physics. The award is made "for outstanding and sustained contributions to experimental physics." The medal is accompanied by a prize of £1000 and a certificate. Historical development * 1914-1965 Guthrie Lecture initiated to remember Frederick Guthrie, founder of the Physical Society (which merged with the Institute of Physics in 1960). * 1966-2007 Guthrie Medal and Prize (in response to changed conditions from when the lecture was first established). From 1992, it became one of the Institute's Premier Awards. * 2008–present Michael Faraday Medal and Prize Medalists and lecturers Faraday medalists * 2024 Laura Herz, "For pioneering advances in the photophysics of next-generation semiconductors, accomplished through innovative spectroscopic experiments." * 2023 Neil Alford, Mark Oxborrow, Chris Kay, Jonathan Breeze, Juna Sathian and Enrico Salvador ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Einstein Medal
The Albert Einstein Medal is an award presented by the Albert Einstein Society in Bern. First given in 1979, the award is presented to people for "scientific findings, works, or publications related to Albert Einstein" each year. Recipients Source:''Einstein Society * 2025: Robert Wald * 2023: Luc Blanchet * 2020: Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) scientific collaboration * 2019: Clifford Martin Will * 2018: Juan Martín Maldacena * 2017: LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration * 2016: Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov * 2015: Stanley Deser, Charles Misner * 2014: Tom W. B. Kibble * 2013: Roy Kerr * 2012: Alain Aspect * 2011: Adam Riess, Saul Perlmutter * 2010: Hermann Nicolai * 2009: Kip Stephen Thorne * 2008: Beno Eckmann * 2007: Reinhard Genzel * 2006: Gabriele Veneziano * 2005: Murray Gell-Mann * 2004: Michel Mayor * 2003: George F. Smoot * 2001: Johannes Geiss, Hubert Reeves * 2000: Gustav Tammann * 1999: Friedrich Hirzebruch * 1998: Claude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IMA Gold Medal
The ''Gold Medal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA)'' is a biennial prize established in 1982 by the IMA "in recognition of outstanding contributions to mathematics and its applications over a period of years". These contributions may take several different forms, including "the building up of a research group of exceptional merit", "notable contributions to the application of mathematical techniques" or "outstanding contributions to the improvement of the teaching of mathematics". Prize winners list SourceInstitute of Mathematics and its Applications* 1982 Professor Sir J. Lighthill, FRS and Dr A. B. Tayler * 1984 Dr J. M. Hammersley, FRS and Sir A. Wilson, FRS * 1986 Professor G. A. Barnard and Professor Sir S. Edwards, FRS * 1988 Professor Sir H. Bondi, FRS * 1990 No award * 1992 Professor O. C. Zienkiewicz, FRS * 1994 Professor F. Ursell, FRS * 1996 Professor M. J. D. Powell, FRS * 1998 No award * 2000 Professor I. N. Stewart, FRS * 2002 Professor K. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Medal Of The Royal Astronomical Society
The Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society is the highest award given by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). The RAS Council have "complete freedom as to the grounds on which it is awarded" and it can be awarded for any reason. Past awards have been given for "outstanding personal researches in the fields of astronomy and geophysics" as well as general contributions to astronomy and geophysics "that may be made through leadership in research programmes, through education and through scientific administration". It has been awarded both for research that has taken a lifetime (it has most frequently been given to recognise an extraordinary lifetime achievement), and for specific pieces of research. History The RAS was founded in 1820 and the first Gold Medals were awarded in 1824. Silver medals were also awarded in 1824 and 1827, but that practice was quickly abandoned, instead the Royal Astronomical Society#Awards, RAS established other awards. In the early years, more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
