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Gherla Prison
Gherla Prison is a penitentiary located in the Romanian city of Gherla, in Cluj County. The prison dates from 1785; it is infamous for the treatment of its political inmates, especially during the Communist regime. In Romanian slang the generic word for a prison is "gherlǎ", after the institution. History Early years The basic structure came from the fortress of Gherla or "Szamos-uj-var" (equivalent to transliteration from Hungarian, meaning "New castle on the Szamos") built around 1540 by George Martinuzzi, archbishop, cardinal and Imperial Treasurer of the Habsburg Empire. Through the Imperial Decree of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, dated October 20, 1785 this fortress was transformed into "Carcer Magni Principatus Transilvanie" (The Major Prison of Transylvanian Principality). Throughout its history under the Austrian Empire, then Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hungary and finally Romania the penitentiary also hosted various industrial activities. Near the prison a large cem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gherla
Gherla (; hu, Szamosújvár; german: Neuschloss) is a municipiu, municipality in Cluj County, Romania (in the historical region of Transylvania). It is located from Cluj-Napoca on the river Someșul Mic, and has a population of 20,203. Three villages are administered by the city: Băița (formerly ''Chirău'', and ''Kérő'' in Hungarian), Hășdate (''Szamoshesdát'') and Silivaș (''Vizszilvás''). The city was formerly known as ''Armenopolis'' ( hy, Հայաքաղաք ''Hayakaghak''; german: Armenierstadt; hu, Örményváros) because it was populated by Armenians. History A clay tablet containing a fragmentary Old Persian cuneiform of the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid king Darius I was found at Gherla in 1937. It may be connected to Darius I's epigraphic activities in relation to European Scythian campaign of Darius I, his Scythian campaign of 513 BC as reported by Herodotus. The locality was first recorded in 1291 as a village named ''Gherlahida,'' (probably derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Romanian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Romania on 6 December 2020 to elect the 136 members of the Senate and the 330 constituent members of the Chamber of Deputies. While the Social Democratic Party (PSD) remained the largest political party in the Parliament, its popular vote share dropped considerably, more specifically by a third. Following the elections, a centre-right coalition government was formed by the National Liberal Party (PNL), USR PLUS, and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) (i.e. the former Cîțu Cabinet) with Florin Cîțu as Prime Minister. The final voter turnout was approximately 32%, the lowest since the end of the Communist era in Romania, partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Electoral system The 330 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by several methods: 308 are elected from 42 multi-member constituencies based on counties and Bucharest, using proportional representation, four are elected using proportional representation fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Flueraș
Ioan (or Ion) Flueraș (or Fluieraș) (November 2, 1882 – June 7, 1953) was a Romanian social democratic politician and a victim of the communist regime. Biography Early activities Born in Chereluș (Kerülős), Arad County, in the Crișana region,Constantiniu; Roz he trained as a wheelwright and settled in Arad, where he became active in socialist circles. In 1901, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Hungary, and began contributing to its press in Hungary; with Iosif Jumanca and Tiron Albani, he led the Party's ethnic Romanian wing. The latter eventually reformed itself as the Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat. At the time, Flueraș unsuccessfully ran in elections for the Hungarian diet.Roz Between 1906 and 1914, he was editor-in-chief of ''Adevărul'' (the party newspaper), until it was closed down by Hungarian authorities. Living in Budapest, Flueraș was conscripted after the outbreak of World War I, and worked for the Austro-Hungarian Air Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilarion Felea
Ilarion V. Felea (March 21, 1903 – September 18, 1961) was a priest and theologian of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Born in Valea Bradului, a village that today is incorporated into Brad city in Hunedoara County, his father was a priest. From 1910 to 1914, he attended primary school in his native village, followed from 1914 to 1920 by Avram Iancu High School in Brad. From 1920 to 1922, by which time his native Transylvania has united with Romania, he attended Moise Nicoară National College in Arad, taking his degree there. Felea studied at the theological academy in Sibiu from 1922 to 1926, earning his diploma at the end. From 1926 to 1927, he was a substitute teacher at Avram Iancu in Brad. In July 1927, he was ordained a priest for the Sibiu Archdiocese, and was soon assigned to the parish in his native village. He continued there for three years, when he entered the Arad Diocese and was assigned a parish in the city's Șega neighborhood. From 1927 to 1929, he attend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Dragomir
Ioan Dragomir (11 October 1905—25 April 1985) was a Romanian bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church. Born into a peasant family in Ariniș, Maramureș County, he attended high school in Zalău and Baia Mare. Dragomir then studied theology in Gherla, remaining there several years as a teacher. After his ordination, he was a parish priest from 1932 to 1934 in Coștiui, Hoteni, and Ocna Șugatag. He left to study theology at Strasbourg but returned early due to ill health. After recovering, Dragomir finished his studies in Rome, becoming a doctor of theology. He was named archpriest of Satu Mare and also canon at the Baia Mare Cathedral. Despite experiencing persecution, Dragomir led an active religious life during the period after Northern Transylvania was ceded to Hungary in 1940. Following the area's return to Romania in 1944, he helped reopen Romanian schools and set up curricula. In 1948, the new Communist regime outlawed Dragomir's church and he spent time hidden in a ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumitru Coroamă
Dumitru Coroamă (July 19, 1885 – 1956) was a Romanian soldier and fascist activist, who held the rank of major general of the Romanian Army during World War II. He was especially known for his contribution to the 1940 establishment of the National Legionary State by the far-right Iron Guard, with which he had been secretly involved for a decade. After beginnings as a schoolteacher in his native Neamț County, Coroamă had become an officer of the 15th ''Dorobanți'' Regiment, first earning distinction during World War I. Coroamă helped organize the defense of Western Moldavia, then participated in the Hungarian–Romanian War, establishing Romanian control in Bistrița and Baia Mare. He received the Order of the Star of Romania and the Order of Michael the Brave. While stationed in Piatra Neamț during the interwar, Coroamă took up various political and cultural activities, overseeing the Romanian Scouts and setting up a Military Club. He was also involved in establishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corneliu Coposu
Corneliu (Cornel) Coposu () (20 May 1914 – 11 November 1995) was a Christian Democratic and liberal conservative Romanian politician, the founder of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party ( ro, Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat), the founder of the Romanian Democratic Convention ( ro, Convenția Democratică), and a political detainee during the communist regime. His political mentor was Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953), the founder of the National Peasant Party (PNȚ), the most important political organization from the interwar period. He studied law and worked as a journalist. Biography Early life Corneliu Coposu was born in Bobota, Sălaj County, at that time in Austria-Hungary (now in Romania), to the Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Valentin Coposu (17 November 1886 – 28 July 1941) and his wife Aurelia Coposu (''née'' Anceanu, herself the daughter of Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Iuliu Anceanu). Corneliu had four sisters: Cornelia (1911– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu Ciuceanu
Radu Ciuceanu (16 April 1928 – 12 September 2022) was a Romanian historian and politician. A member of the National Liberal Party and later the Greater Romania Party, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1990 to 1992 and again from 2000 to 2004. He was born in Arad. In 1947, while a student at the Carol I High School in Craiova, he joined the anti-communist resistance group led by general Ioan Carlaonț. Ciuceanu completed high school next year and enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine, but he was arrested in September 1948 by the communist authorities. He was interrogated by the Securitate and the NKVD, and sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment with hard labor for having laid the foundations of "a subversive organization with a terrorist character" and for "purchasing weapons, ammunition and explosives, with the aim of removing the regime and to fight against the Soviet Union, through actions of sabotage and insurrection." Ciuceanu was detained at penitentiaries in Crai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Cârjan
Ștefan Cârjan (10 May 1909 – 18 November 1978) was a Romanian football left winger and manager. Life and career He was born in Bucharest, in the Dracului neighborhood. Cârjan played over 20 years for Unirea Tricolor București, winning the 1940–41 Divizia A title as a player-coach. In 1947, after the Communist regime came in Romania, the Ministry of Internal Affairs wanted Unirea Tricolor to merge with Ciocanul București in order to found Dinamo București. Cârjan, together with the club's president Valeriu Negulescu and player-secretary Constantin Anghelache opposed the merger. All three of them were sent to jail for their past membership in or suspected sympathy for the fascist Iron Guard; in particular, Cârjan was accused of harboring Iron Guard members after their failed rebellion. Constantin Anghelache and former coach Gheorghe Constantin claimed the arrests were the result of their opposition to the merger. In 1948 Cârjan received a ten years sentence which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Cârja
Ion Cârja (sometimes spelled Cârjă or Cârje) (March 25, 1922 – May 8, 1977) was a Romanian and American writer and anti-communist activist, who was a political prisoner in Communist Romania. Biography Cârja was born in Whitman, Logan County, West Virginia, where his parents (Iov and Judifca) had emigrated to from Austro-Hungarian-ruled Transylvania around 1910. He and his family returned to Romania in February 1927 and settled down in Mihai Viteazu, near the city of Cluj, where they bought a farm. While in high school, Cârja started work on a magazine titled ''Gazeta de Turda'', and published his first book — ''Cremene în apa vremii'' ("A Flintstone in the Water of Life"). Beginning in 1942, he studied Law and Philology at the University of Cluj (he also enlisted for Medicine studies, but abandoned them after one year). In 1948 he received his PhD in Law from the same university. He was elected general secretary of the Transylvanian Writers' Union. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Cardaș
Gheorghe Cardaș (1899 – 1983) was a Romanian literary historian. Born in Drăgușeni, Suceava County, his parents were Gheorghe Cardaș and his wife Amalia (''née'' Camondo), and he came from an intellectual family. He attended primary school in his native village and the nearby rural localities Topile and Siliștea. Cardaș then attended high school at Fălticeni (1913-1915), Bucharest (1915-1916) and Roman (1917-1921). In 1924, he obtained a degree from the literature and philosophy faculty of Bucharest University. He later took specialized courses on the history of Romanian literature at Bucharest and in comparative literature at the University of Paris from 1926 to 1927. A high-level clerk at the Romanian Academy Library from 1921 to 1933, he was a teaching assistant at Bucharest University from 1932 to 1943 and a scientific researcher at the Romanian Academy's history institute from 1950 to 1953; also a Member of the Writers' Union of Romania. From 1958 to 1964, under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Caraion
Ion Caraion (pen name of Stelian Diaconescu; May 24, 1923–July 21, 1986) was a Romanian poet, essayist and translator. Born in Rușavăț, Buzău County, he attended primary school at Râmnicu Sărat from 1930 to 1934, followed by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu High School in Buzău from 1934 to 1942. While there, together with Alexandru Lungu, he edited ''Zarathustra'' poetry magazine with his own funds from 1940 to 1941. He entered the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Bucharest, which he graduated in 1948. His published debut came in 1939, with verses and reviews in ''Universul literar'' and ''Curentul literar''. Caraion's first book, the 1943 ''Panopticum'', was followed by two other poetry collections: ''Omul profilat pe cer'' (1945) and ''Cântece negre'' (1946). An active anti-fascist during World War II, he was an editor at ''Timpul'' and ''Ecoul'' newspapers. In 1944, following the Romanian coup d'état and legalization of the Romanian Communist Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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