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Ion Caraion
Ion Caraion (pen name of Stelian Diaconescu; May 24, 1923–July 21, 1986) was a Romanian poet, essayist and translator. Born in Rușavăț, Buzău County, he attended primary school at Râmnicu Sărat from 1930 to 1934, followed by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu High School in Buzău from 1934 to 1942. While there, together with Alexandru Lungu, he edited ''Zarathustra'' poetry magazine with his own funds from 1940 to 1941. He entered the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Bucharest, which he graduated in 1948. His published debut came in 1939, with verses and reviews in ''Universul literar'' and ''Curentul literar''. Caraion's first book, the 1943 ''Panopticum'', was followed by two other poetry collections: ''Omul profilat pe cer'' (1945) and ''Cântece negre'' (1946). An active anti-fascist during World War II, he was an editor at ''Timpul'' and ''Ecoul'' newspapers. In 1944, following the Romanian coup d'état and legalization of the Romanian Communist Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Caraion By Erling Mandelmann
An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge, electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. Opposite electric charges are pulled towards one another by electrostatic force, so cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds. Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions, while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions. In the case of physical ionization in a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania ( ro, Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989. From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (, RPR). The country was an Eastern Bloc state and a member of the Warsaw Pact with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its constitutions. Geographically, RSR was bordered by the Black Sea to the east, the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east, Hungary and Yugoslavia (via SR Serbia) to the west, and Bulgaria to the south. As World War II ended, Romania, a former Axis member which had overthrown the Axis, was occupied by the Soviet Union, the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet government th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoon River Anthology
''Spoon River Anthology'' (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the Spoon River, which ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois. The aim of the poems is to demystify rural and small town American life. The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manner of death. Many of the poems contain cross-references that create an unabashedly candid tapestry of the community. The poems originally were published in 1914 in the St. Louis, Missouri, literary journal ''Reedy's Mirror'', under the pseudonym Webster Ford. Content The first poem serves as an introduction: "The Hill" Where are Elmer, Herman, Bert, Tom and Charley, The weak of will, the strong of arm, the clown, the boozer, the fighter? All, all are sleeping on the hill. One passed in a fever, One was burned in a mine, On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Lee Masters
Edgar Lee Masters (August 23, 1868 – March 5, 1950) was an American attorney, poet, biographer, and dramatist. He is the author of ''Spoon River Anthology'', ''The New Star Chamber and Other Essays'', ''Songs and Satires'', ''The Great Valley'', ''The Serpent in the Wilderness'', ''An Obscure Tale'', ''The Spleen'', ''Mark Twain: A Portrait'', ''Lincoln: The Man'', and ''Illinois Poems''. In all, Masters published twelve plays, twenty-one books of poetry, six novels and six biographies, including those of Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Vachel Lindsay, and Walt Whitman. Life and career Born in Garnett, Kansas, to attorney Hardin Wallace Masters and Emma Jerusha Dexter, his father had briefly moved to set up a law practice, then soon moved back to his paternal grandparents' farm near Petersburg in Menard County, Illinois. In 1880 they moved to Lewistown, Illinois, where he attended high school and had his first publication in the ''Chicago Daily News''. The culture around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Writers' Union
The Writers' Union of Romania (), founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania. It also has a subsidiary in Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. The Writers' Union of Romania was created by the communist regime by taking over the former Romanian Writers' Society (''Societatea Scriitorilor Români''), which had been established in 1908. The Union organizes the annual Days and Nights of Literature Festival, and the awarding of the prestigious Ovid Prize for Literature. Presidents * Zaharia Stancu (active, 1949–1956) * Mihail Sadoveanu (honorary, 1949–1956; active, 1956–1961) * Mihai Beniuc (1962–1964) * Demostene Botez (1964–1966) * Zaharia Stancu (1966–1974) * (1974–1978) * George Macovescu (1978–1982) * Dumitru Radu Popescu (1982–1990) * Mircea Dinescu (1990–1996) * (1996–2000) * (2000–2005) * Nicolae Manolescu (2005–) Tudor Arghezi was honorary president from 1962 to 1967, as was Victor Eftimiu in 1972; Ștefan Augustin D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary ('' Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române''), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people. History On the initiative of C. A. Rosetti, the Academy was founded on April 1, 1866, as ''Societatea Literară Română''. The founding members were illustrious members of the Romanian society of the age. The name changed to ''Societatea Academică Romînă'' in 1867, and finally to ''Academia Română'' in 1879, during the reign of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For The Investigation Of Communist Crimes And The Memory Of The Romanian Exile
An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute" (see Institute of Technology). In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes, and in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes. Historically, in some countries institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes. The word "institute" comes from a Latin word ''institutum'' meaning "facility" or "habit"; from ''instituere'' meaning "build", "create", "raise" or "educate". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
România Literară
''România Literară'' is a cultural and literary magazine from Romania. In its original edition, it was founded on 1 January 1855 by Vasile Alecsandri and published in Iași until 3 December 1855, when it was suppressed. The new series appeared on 10 October 1968 as a continuation of '' Gazeta Literară''. It is the Writers' Union of Romania's official magazine. The magazine is based in Bucharest and is published on a weekly basis. Editors-in-chief * Geo Dumitrescu (1968–1970) * Nicolae Breban (1970–1971) * George Ivașcu (1971–1988) * D. R. Popescu (1988–1989) * Nicolae Manolescu Nicolae Manolescu (; b. 27 November 1939, Râmnicu Vâlcea) is a Romanian literary critic. As an editor of '' România Literară'' literary magazine, he has reached a record in reviewing books for almost 30 years. Elected a corresponding member ... (1990–present). References External links Official website 1855 establishments in Europe 1855 establishments in the Ottoman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alex
Alex is a given name. It can refer to a shortened version of Alexander, Alexandra, Alexis. People Multiple *Alex Brown (other), multiple people *Alex Gordon (other), multiple people *Alex Harris (other), multiple people *Alex Jones (other), multiple people *Alexander Johnson (other), multiple people *Alex Taylor (other), multiple people Politicians * Alex Allan (born 1951), British diplomat * Alex Attwood (born 1959), Northern Irish politician *Alex Kushnir (born 1978), Israeli politician * Alex Salmond (born 1954), Scottish politician, former First Minister of Scotland Baseball players *Alex Avila (born 1987), American baseball player *Alex Bregman (born 1994), American baseball player * Alex Gardner (baseball) (1861–1921), Canadian baseball player * Alex Katz (baseball) (born 1994), American baseball player * Alex Pompez (1890–1974), American executive in Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball scout * Alex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baia Sprie
Baia Sprie (; hu, Felsőbánya, german: Mittelstadt) is a town in Maramureș County, northern Romania. Baia Sprie is situated at a distance of from Baia Mare. The town administers three villages: Chiuzbaia (''Kisbánya''), Satu Nou de Sus (''Felsőújfalu''), and Tăuții de Sus (''Giródtótfalu''). Neighbouring communities are the city of Baia Mare and the villages of Groși, Dumbrăvița, Șisești, and Desești. The town was one of the most important mining centers in north-western Romania, exploitation of gold and silver being mentioned in documents written in the Middle Ages, during the time when the Transylvanian Saxons, Saxons colonized the region. However, recent administrative changes and restructuring of the Romanian mining industry brought this activity to an almost complete halt. History The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1329 as "''Civitas in medio monte''", in 1406 as "civitas ''Medii Montis''", in 1390, 1452, 1455 as "civitas ''Felsevbany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cavnic
Cavnic ( hu, Kapnikbánya; german: Kapnik) is a former mining town located in the valley of the river Cavnic, east of Baia Mare, in Maramureș County, northern Romania. The town covers , at altitudes ranging from 500 to 1050 meters above sea level. History Cavnic was first documented in 1336, as ''Capnic''. It was named after the river, which got its name from a Slavic word, ''kopanе,'' which refers to digging. Mining activity in the area dates back to the Roman age. The town was destroyed by the Ottomans in 1460 and by the Tatars in 1717, but the Tatars invasion ended with their defeat from the people of Cavnic, making from it the last Tatar invasion to ever take place in the current territory of Romania. As a proof of the last Tatar invasion, the town hosts a 7.2 m tall obelisk on which a Latin inscription states "Anno 1717 usque hic fuerunt tartari" meaning "During the year 1717 the Tatars have arrived here". The obelisk is known among locals as "Tatar Pole" or "W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aiud Prison
Aiud Prison is a prison complex in Aiud, Alba County, located in central Transylvania, Romania. It is infamous for the treatment of its political inmates, especially during World War II under the rule of Ion Antonescu, and later under the Communist regime. History Early days The first mention of the structure dates from 1786. From 1839 to 1849 it served as prison next to the Aiud court of law. After being devastated by fire in January 1849, a new prison was built in 1857, and completed in 1860. An isolation unit, named Zarca (from the Hungarian zárka, meaning solitary), was added in 1881–1882. Finally, between 1889–1892, a T-shaped unit with 312 individual cells was erected. The interwar and World War II During the period 1926–1943, some 143 Communist activists were imprisoned at Aiud peninteciary. Moreover, after the defeat of the Legionnaires' rebellion in 1941, Iron Guard members were also detained there. The largest number of political prisoners held at Aiud during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
