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Grigory Zass
Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass (; ; 1797–1883) was an Imperial Russian general who commanded Russian cavalry troops in the Napoleonic Wars and Russo-Circassian War,'' Щербина Ф. А.'' История Армавира и черкесо-горцев. — Екатеринодар: Электро-тип. т-во «Печатник», 1916. initially gaining prominence for his actions against the Circassians, whom he reportedly saw as a "lowly race". He was the founder of the city of Armavir, Russia. In 2003, the Russian Federation erected his statue on former Circassian territories, infuriating Circassians and Circassian nationalist establishments worldwide. Biography Early life Zass ( or in German) was born into a Baltic German noble family. His ancestors were nobles from Westphalia who in the 15th century moved to the Baltic region, fought under the banner of the Order of the Sword, and in 1710, was among the 52 chivalric families, including the Ungern-Ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knight, but lower than a viscount or count. Often, barons hold their fief – their lands and income – directly from the monarch. Barons are less often the vassals of other nobles. In many kingdoms, they were entitled to wear a smaller form of a crown called a ''coronet''. The term originates from the Late Latin, Latin term , via Old French. The use of the title ''baron'' came to England via the Norman Conquest of 1066, then the Normans brought the title to Scotland and Southern Italy. It later spread to Scandinavian and Slavic lands. Etymology The word '':wikt:baron, baron'' comes from the Old French , from a Late Latin "man; servant, soldier, mercenary" (so used in Salic law; Alemannic law has in the same sense). The sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Metz (1814)
The siege of Metz (17 January – 10 April 1814) was a blockade of the French city of Metz during the War of the Sixth Coalition at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. It pitted French forces under General of Division (GD) Pierre François Joseph Durutte against Prussian soldiers under Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Russian cavalry under Nikolay Borozdin, Russian troops under Dimitri Mikhailovich Youzefovitch, and Hessian soldiers under von Müller. The Allied forces began the siege on 17 January 1814 and eventually lifted it on 10 April the same year, without having taken the city. At the end of March and early April, Durutte carried out a remarkable campaign in which he briefly drove away the blockading forces of several nearby fortresses. Background After being decisively beaten by the Coalition armies at the Battle of Leipzig on 16–19 October 1813, Emperor Napoleon retreated to France with the 60,000–70,000 survivors of his army. Of the 100,000 French soldiers manning th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Djemptlokh
The Battle of Djemptlokh, also known as the Ambush at the Sacred Grove, took place in 1841 during the Russo-Circassian War between the forces of the Russian Empire and the Abadzekh tribe of the Circassians. Background In 1841, during the Russo-Circassian War, General G. X. Zass led a Russian military expedition between the Belaya (Shaguash) and Pshikh rivers in the Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ... region, aiming to subdue the Circassian tribes and assert Russian dominance over the area. This area included the Jemtlokh Forest, a sacred site for the Circassians, who revered it as dedicated to the god Tkhagalegu. The local tribes fiercely protected this holy land and held annual rituals, including sacrifices, at this site. The Circassians believed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Laba River
The Battle of Laba River was an engagement between Russian forces under the command of Grigory Zass and Circassians under the command of Aytech Qanoqo during the Russo-Circassian War. Background In July 1833, Zass was appointed commander of the Batalpashinsky section of the Kuban Line. Starting in August, Zass launched a series of expeditions against Circassians in an effort to push the Circassians as far as possible from the Kuban line.ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. (n.d.). https://enc.rusdeutsch.ru/articles/2024 Zass systematically destroyed Circassian villages near the Kuban and Laba and cut clearings along the banks of the Laba and Khodz. Aytech Qanoqo, who had for a while fought on the side of the Russians, recently switched sides and joined the Circassians following a series of military setbacks by Russian forces in the late 1820s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelenchuk Ambush
The Zelenchuk ambush was a military engagement between the Russian Empire and Circassians during the Russo-Circassian War in which Russian forces located and completely destroyed a detachment of 100 Circassians. Background In July 1833, Grigory Zass was appointed commander of the Batalpashinsky section of the Kuban Line. Soon he began fighting Circassians using brutal tactics.ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. (n.d.). https://enc.rusdeutsch.ru/articles/2024 Raid In August, Zass undertook his first expedition into Circassian territory. Having learned in advance from his scouts that about 100 Circassians were hiding on the left bank of the Kuban planning a raid, he assembled a detachment of 350 Cossacks, two companies of foot soldiers, and two field guns and crossed the Kuban river. After about 80 kilometers, near Bolshoy Zelenchuk, Zass noticed e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Circassian War
The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the 101-year-long invasion of Circassia by the Russian Empire. The conflict started in 1763 ( O.S.) with Russia assuming authority in Circassia, followed by Circassian refusal, and ended with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S.). It was exhausting and casualty-heavy for both sides. The Russo-Circassian War was the longest war both Russia and Circassia have ever fought and the longest war in the Caucasus region.. During and after the war, the Russian Empire employed a genocidal strategy of systematically massacring civilians, resulting in the Circassian genocide,L.V.Burykina. ''Pereselenskoye dvizhenie na severo-zapagni Kavakaz''. Reference in King. where up to 3,500,000 Circassians were either killed or forcibly expelled to the Ottoman Empire (especially to modern-day Turkey; see Circassians in Turkey), creating the Circassian diaspora. While the war was initially an isolated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assault On Germenchuk
The assault on Germenchuk took place on 23 August 1832, one of the battles of the Caucasian War The Caucasian War () or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series o .... Some 9,000 Russian troops under the command of General A. A. Velyaminov stormed the Chechen village, where they met 3,800 defenders. Background During the Caucasian War, the command of the Caucasian Separate Corps took active steps in Chechnya. On 5 August 1832, Baron G. Rozen exterminated the village of Daud-Martan, Colonel G. Zass set fire to the village of Pkhan-kichu and devastated the arable land of the villagers. During 6-7 August, Major General Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky destroyed residential buildings in the village of Achkhoy, the commander of the Butyrsky infantry regiment, Colonel Piryatinsky burned to the ground the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasian War
The Caucasian War () or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by the Russian Imperial Army and Cossack settlers against the native inhabitants such as the Adyghe, Abazins, Ubykhs, Chechens, and Dagestanis as the Tsars sought to expand. Russian control of the Georgian Military Road in the center divided the Caucasian War into the Russo-Circassian War in the west and the conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan in the east. Other territories of the Caucasus (comprising contemporary eastern Georgia, southern Dagestan, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were incorporated into the Russian Empire at various times in the 19th century as a result of Russian wars with Persia. The remaining part, western Georgia, was taken by the Russians from the Ottomans during the same period. History Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian Empire , Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827. After suffering several defeats, both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the Sultan decided to suing for peace, sue for peace, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829. The Balkan front At the start of hostilities the Russian army of 100,000 men was commanded by Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I, while the Ottoman forces were commanded by Agha Hüseyin Pasha appointed by Sultan Mahmut II. In April and May 1828 the Russian commander-in-chief, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, moved into the Danubian Principalities. In June 1828, the main R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days ( ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days). This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo campaign and the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. The phrase ''les Cent Jours'' (the Hundred Days) was first used by the prefect of Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, in his speech welcoming the king back to Paris on 8 July. Napoleon returned while the Congress of Vienna was sitting. On 13 March, seven days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw, and on 25 March, Austria, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom, the four Great Powers and key members of the Seventh Coalition, bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule. This s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Paris (1814)
The Battle of Paris (or the Storming of Paris) was fought on 30–31 March 1814 between the Sixth Coalition, consisting of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, and the French Empire. After a day of fighting in the suburbs of Paris, the French surrendered on 31 March, ending the War of the Sixth Coalition and forcing Emperor Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile. Background Napoleon was retreating from his failed invasion of Russia in 1812. With the Russian armies following up victory, the Sixth Coalition was formed with Russia, Austria, Prussia, Portugal, Great Britain, Sweden, Spain and other nations hostile to the French Empire. Even though the French were victorious in the initial battles during their campaign in Germany, the Coalition armies eventually joined and defeated them at the Battle of Leipzig in the autumn of 1813. After the battle, the Pro-French German Confederation of the Rhine collapsed, thereby loosening Napoleon's hold on Germany east of the Rhine. The Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fère-Champenoise
The Battle of Fère-Champenoise (25 March 1814) was fought between two Imperial French corps led by Marshals Auguste de Marmont and Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise and a larger Coalition force composed of cavalry from the Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Württemberg, and Russian Empire. Caught by surprise by Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg's main Coalition army, the forces under Marmont and Mortier were steadily driven back and finally completely routed by aggressive Allied horsemen and gunners, suffering heavy casualties and the loss of most of their artillery. Two divisions of French National Guards under Michel-Marie Pacthod escorting a nearby convoy were also attacked and wiped out in the Battle of Bannes. The battleground was near the town Fère-Champenoise located southwest of Châlons-en-Champagne. After being defeated at the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube on 20–21 March 1814, Emperor Napoleon moved to the east. He hoped to draw t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
