|
Francesco Zirano
Francesco Zirano, OFM Conv. (1565 – 25 January 1603) was a Roman Catholic priest from Sardinia and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. He is recognized as a martyr in the Catholic Church. Born and raised in Sardinia, he became an ordained priest in 1586. When Barbary pirates abducted and enslaved his cousin, Zirano raised funds over the course of several years to pay the ransom for his cousin's freedom. He traveled to Algiers in 1602 and helped four Christian slaves escape to freedom, but soldiers later targeted and imprisoned him. The Grand Council of Algiers sentenced him to death for his role in helping the slaves escape and for being a spy for the city's enemies, but his captors offered to spare his life if he would convert to Islam. He refused, and they executed him by flaying. Zirano's beatification cause commenced in 1731, and Pope Francis eventually approved him for beatification in 2014. Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over his beatificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatification
Beatification (from Latin , "blessed" and , "to make") is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their name. ''Beati'' is the plural form, referring to those who have undergone the process of beatification; they possess the title of "Blessed" () (abbreviation "Bl.") before their names and are often referred to in English as "a Blessed" or, plurally, "Blesseds". It is the third stage of the ordinary process of Canonization#Since 1983, official recognitions for Catholic saints: Servant of God, Venerable#Catholic, Venerable, Blessed, and Saint. History Local Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops had the power of beatifying until 1634, when Pope Urban VIII, in the apostolic constitution ''Cœlestis Jerusalem'' of 6 July, reserved the power of beatifying to the Holy See. Since the reforms of 1983, as a rule, (for non-martyred Venerables) one Miracle, miracle must ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy (political entity), Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery. It achieved a global scale, controlling vast portions of the Americas, Africa, various islands in Asia and Oceania, as well as territory in other parts of Europe. It was one of the most powerful empires of the early modern period, becoming known as "the empire on which the sun never sets". At its greatest extent in the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Spanish Empire covered , making it one of the List of largest empires, largest empires in history. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus and continuing for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America. In the beginning, Portugal was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Kuku
The Kingdom of Kuku was a kingdom in North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t .... It was established around 1515 CE and ruled by the Ath l-Qadi dynasty until 1632 or 1638 CE. Ahmed ou el Kadhi (Ou l-Qadi) is acknowledged as the founder. Origins The Ath l-Qadi are generally accepted to have been from the Ath Ghoubri region and having a maraboutic lineage. According to Laurent-Charles Féraud (1829–1888), the dynasty possessed parchments which attributed their genealogy to a certain Ammar ben Idris, hence relating them to the Sharifian Idrisids of Fez, while Joseph Nil Robin associates them with a non-Sharifian Fassi ancestry. References 1515 establishments in Africa Berber dynasties Early modern history of Algeria States and territories dise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip III Of Spain
Philip III (; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain and King of Portugal, Portugal (where he is known as Philip II of Portugal) during the Iberian Union. His reign lasted from 1598 until his death in 1621. He held dominion over the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and the Duchy of Milan during the same period. A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife, Anna of Austria (1549–1580), Anna of Austria. The family was heavily Inbreeding, inbred; Philip II and Anna were related both as uncle and niece, as well as cousins. Philip III married his cousin Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain, Margaret of Austria, the sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Although known in Spain as Philip the Pious, his political reputation internationally has generally been negative. Historians C. V. Wedgwood, R. Stradling and J. H. Elliott have described him, respectively, as an "undistinguished and insi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbary Coast
The Barbary Coast (also Barbary, Berbery, or Berber Coast) were the coastal regions of central and western North Africa, more specifically, the Maghreb and the Ottoman borderlands consisting of the regencies in Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, as well as the Sultanate of Morocco from the 16th to 19th centuries. The term originates from an exonym for the Berbers. Political Diversity Barbary was not always a unified political entity. From the 16th century onward, it was divided into four political entities—from west to east—the Alawi Sultanate, the Regency of Algiers, the Regency of Tunis, and the Regency of Tripoli. Major rulers and petty monarchs during the times of the Barbary states' plundering parties included the sultan of Morocco, the dey of Algiers, bey of Tunis, and pasha of Tripoli, respectively. The slave trade The slave trade was not just an economic lifeline to the Barbary States, but was often justified as a form of jihad against Christian states. Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardinians
Sardinians or Sards are an Italians, Italian ethno-linguistic group and a nation indigenous to Sardinia, an island in the western Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean which is administratively an Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Italy. Etymology Not much can be gathered from the classical literature about the origins of the Sardinian people. The ethnonym "S(a)rd" may belong to the Pre-Indo-European languages, Pre-Indo-European (or Indo-European languages, Indo-European) linguistic substratum, and whilst they might have derived from the Iberian language, Iberians, the accounts of the old authors differ greatly in this respect. The oldest written attestation of the ethnonym is on the Nora stone, where the word ''Šrdn'' (''Shardan'') bears witness to its original existence by the time the Phoenicians, Phoenician merchants first arrived on Sardinian shores. According to ''Timaeus (dialogue), Timaeus'', one of Plato's dialogues, Sardinia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom. When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French ''rançon'' from Latin ''redemptio'', 'buying back'; compare " redemption". Ransom cases Julius Caesar was captured by pirates near the island of Pharmacusa, and held until someone paid 50 talents to free him. In Europe during the Middle Ages, ransom became an important custom of chivalric warfare. An important knight, especially nobility or royalty, was worth a significant sum of money if captured, but nothing if he was killed. For this reason, the practice of ransom contributed to the development of heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, Imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piedmontese Scudo
The scudo (plural: ''scudi'') was the currency of the Piedmont and the other mainland parts of the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia until 1816. History It was subdivided into 6 ''lire'' (singular: ''lira''), each of 20 ''soldi'' or 240 ''denari''. The ''doppia'' was worth 2 scudi. During the Subalpine Republic and French occupation (1800–1814), the French franc circulated, supplemented by a small number of locally produced coins. The scudo was replaced by the Sardinian lira. Coins In the late 18th century, copper 2 denari, billon ½, 1, 2½ and 7½ soldi, silver ¼, ½ and 1 scudo, and gold ¼, ½, 1, and 2½ doppia coins circulated. In the 1790s, copper 1 and 5 soldi, and billon 10, 15 and 20 soldi were added. The Piedmont Republic issued silver ¼ and ½ scudo in 1799. This was followed in 1800 by bronze 2 soldi struck in the name of the "Piedmont Nation" (''Nazione Piemontese''). See also *History of coins in Italy Italy has a long history of different coinage type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII (; ; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born in Fano, Papal States to a prominent Florence, Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592, he was Papal conclave, 1592, elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christians, Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long Turkish War, Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominican Order, Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600, he presided over a jubilee (Christian), jubilee, which brought many pilgrimages to Rome. He presided over the trial and execution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Blessed Virgin Mary Of Mercy
The Royal, Celestial and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy and the Redemption of the Captives (, abbreviated O. de M.), also known as the Mercedarians, is a Catholic mendicant order established in 1218 by Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time the capital of the Principality of Catalonia, part of the Crown of Aragon, for the redemption of Christian captives. Its members are most commonly known as Mercedarian friars or nuns. One of the distinguishing marks of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy is that, since its foundation, its members are required to take a fourth vow: to die, if necessary, for another who is in danger of losing their faith. The Order exists today in 17 countries. General background Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries, medieval Europe was in a state of intermittent warfare between the Christian kingdoms of southern Europe and the Muslim polities of North Africa, Southern France, Sicily and Moorish portions of Spain. Acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Sassari
The Archdiocese of Sassari () is a Latin Church, Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Sardinia, Italy. Its see was initially at Porto Torres, Torres. It was elevated to an archdiocese in 1073. Its suffragan sees are the diocese of Alghero-Bosa, the diocese of Ozieri and the diocese of Tempio-Ampurias. History The ecclesiastical history of Torres (Turris Lybissonis) goes back to the fourth century. In 304, the soldier Gavinus, Protus a priest, and the deacon Januarius suffered martyrdom there. Later Gavinus and Protus were reputed bishops, and said to have lived in the second and third centuries respectively. St. Gaudentius, who seems to have belonged to the beginning of the fourth century, is also venerated there. The first bishop whose date is known is Felix (404). Other bishops include Marinianus, a contemporary of Gregory the Great; Novellus (685), whose ordination caused a controversy between Pope John V and the Archbishop of Cagliari; and Felix (727), who took refug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
