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Federal Surplus Relief Corporation
The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation was one of the so-called alphabet agencies set up in the United States during the 1930s as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Created in 1933 as the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation, its name was changed by charter amendment on November 18, 1935. In 1937 its administration was placed within the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1940 it was combined with other USDA initiatives to form the Surplus Marketing Administration. It was abolished February 23, 1942, with the creation of the Agricultural Marketing Administration. The purpose of the agency was to divert agricultural commodities from the open market, where prices were depressed by surplus farm products, to destitute families. As of 2012, the federal purchase and distribution of surplus food still continues, now under the auspices of the Emergency Food Assistance Program. History In summer 1933, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to boost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delaware
Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey to its northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state's name derives from the adjacent Delaware Bay, which in turn was named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and the Colony of Virginia's first colonial-era governor. Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula, and some islands and territory within the Delaware River. It is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, second-smallest and List of U.S. states and territories by population, sixth-least populous state, but also the List of U.S. states and territories by population density, sixth-most densely populated. Delaware's List of municipalities in Delaware, most populous city is Wilmington, Delaware, Wilmington, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
US Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over State court (United States), state court cases that turn on questions of Constitution of the United States, U.S. constitutional or Law of the United States, federal law. It also has Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States, original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." In 1803, the Court asserted itself the power of Judicial review in the United States, judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution via the landmark case ''Marbury v. Madison''. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Security In The United States
Food insecurity and hunger in the United States of America affects millions of Americans, including some who are middle class, or who are in households where all adults are in work. The United States produces far more food than it needs for domestic consumption—hunger within the U.S. is caused by Poverty in the United States, some Americans having insufficient money to buy food for themselves or their families. Additional causes of hunger and Food security, food insecurity include neighborhood deprivation and Agricultural policy of the United States, agricultural policy. Hunger is addressed by a mix of public and private food aid provision. Public interventions include changes to agricultural policy, the construction of supermarkets in underserved neighborhoods, investment in transportation infrastructure, and the development of community gardens. Private aid is provided by food pantries, soup kitchens, food banks, and food rescue organizations. Reliance on food banks has led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Deal Agencies
The alphabet agencies, or New Deal agencies, were the U.S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The earliest agencies were created to combat the Great Depression in the United States and were established during Roosevelt's first 100 days in office in 1933. In total, at least 69 offices were created during Roosevelt's terms of office as part of the New Deal. Some alphabet agencies were established by Congress, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority. Others were established through Roosevelt executive orders, such as the Works Progress Administration and the Office of Censorship, or were part of larger programs such as the many that belonged to the Works Progress Administration. Some of the agencies still exist today, while others have merged with other departments and agencies or were abolished. The agencies were sometimes referred to as alphabet soup. Libertarian author William Safire notes that the phrase "gave col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milo Randolph Perkins
Milo Randolph Perkins (1900–1972) was an American economic expert working for the Department of Agriculture in Washington, DC. He was the first administrator for the First Food Stamp Program (FSP) (May 16, 1939 – Spring 1943). Professional life Born in Missouri, Milo Perkins became a successful businessman in Houston, Texas, launching the ‘King-Perkins-Bag Company’ in 1917 for the production of burlap bags.Perkins, Milo (1944): Cartels. What shall we do about them? In: Harpers' Magazine 189 (11 (Nov.)), S. 579. In 1935 or 1936 he was called to Washington, D.C. to become aide to Henry Wallace, who was the 11th US Secretary of Agriculture (1933–1940). In a 1939 publication, Perkins was titled as the “President of the Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation”, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. To Perkins’ responsibilities belonged the ministerial exportation policy to stabilize the internal markets and to secure financial returns from the surpluses thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Cheese
Government cheese is processed cheese provided to welfare spending, welfare beneficiaries, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Food Stamp recipients, and the elderly receiving Social Security (United States), Social Security in the United States, as well as to food banks and churches. This processed cheese was used in military kitchens during World War II and has been used in schools since the 1950s. Government cheese is a commodity cheese that was controlled by the US federal government from World War II to the early 1980s. It was a byproduct of maintaining an artificially high (and stabilized) price of milk through agricultural subsidy, dairy industry subsidies, which produced a overproduction, surplus that was in turn converted into cheese, butter, and powdered milk. The excess after designated uses was stored in over 150 warehouses across 35 states, creating a strategic Federal food reserve available for unexpected surges in demand (such as disaster relief) and cris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commodity Credit Corporation
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a wholly owned United States government corporation that was created in 1933 to "stabilize, support, and protect farm income and prices" (federally chartered by the CCC Charter Act of 1948 (P.L. 80-806)). The CCC is authorized to buy, sell, lend, make payments, and engage in other activities for the purpose of increasing production, stabilizing prices, assuring adequate supplies, and facilitating the efficient marketing of agricultural commodities. The CCC is essentially a financing institution for the USDA's farm price and income support commodity programs, commodity export credit guarantees, and agricultural export subsidies. The programs funded through CCC are administered by employees of the Farm Service Agency, the Agricultural Marketing Service, and the Foreign Agricultural Service. The CCC has the authority to borrow up to $30 billion from the US Treasury to carry out its obligations. Net losses from its operations subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Bank
A food bank or food pantry is a non-profit, charitable organization that distributes food to those who have difficulty purchasing enough to avoid hunger, usually through intermediaries like food pantries and soup kitchens. Some food banks distribute food directly with their food pantries. St. Mary's Food Bank Alliance, St. Mary's Food Bank was the world's first food bank, established in the US in 1967. Since then, many thousands have been set up all over the world. In Europe, their numbers grew rapidly after the 2007–2008 world food price crisis, global increase in the price of food which began in late 2006, and especially after the 2008 financial crisis began to worsen economic conditions for those on low incomes. Likewise, the 2020s in economic history, inflation and economic crisis of the 2020s has exponentially driven low and even some middle income class consumers to at least partially get their food. The growth of food banks has been welcomed by commentators who see them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program
The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) is a program that evolved out of surplus commodity donation efforts begun by the USDA in late 1981 to dispose of surplus foods (especially cheese) held by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). This program was explicitly authorized by the Congress in 1983 when funding was provided to assist states with the costs involved in storing and distributing the commodities. The program originally was entitled the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program when authorized under the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (P.L. 98–8). The program was renamed to The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) in 1990. TEFAP was first authorized as the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program in 1981 and continues to be administered federally by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). TEFAP does not have federal entitlement status; funding for the program is determined by an annual Congressional appropriation. Funding fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Food Assistance And Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
The Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program (EFAP-Soup Kitchens) provides United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) commodities to emergency feeding organizations to help with the food needs of low-income populations. It also authorizes grants to states to help with the state and local costs of transporting, storing, and distributing the commodities to the appropriate local agencies and organizations. The program is authorized under the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (P.L. 98-92, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.). In addition to authorizing funding to buy commodities, the program also requires specifically that $100 million of food stamp funds be used annually for that purpose. Eligible agencies include food banks, food pantries, soup kitchen A soup kitchen, food kitchen, or meal center is a place where food is offered to Hunger, hungry and homeless people, usually for no price, cost, or sometimes at a below-market price (such as coin Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penalty Clause
Penal damages are liquidated damages which exceed reasonable compensatory damages, making them invalid under common law. While liquidated damage clauses set a pre-agreed value on the expected loss to one party if the other party were to breach the contract, penal damages go further and seek to penalise the breaching party beyond the reasonable losses from the breach. Many clauses which are found to be penal (i.e. "penalty clauses") are expressed as liquidated damages clauses but have been seen by courts as excessive and thus invalid. The judicial approach to penal damages is conceptually important as it is one of the few examples of judicial paternalism in contract law. Even if two parties genuinely and without coercion wish to consent to a contract which includes a penal clause, they are unable to. In the United States, a 1947 legal case relating to the contracted supply of dried eggs to the Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation to be supplied as aid to Russia in 1942 (P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquidated Damages
Liquidated damages, also referred to as liquidated and ascertained damages (LADs), are damages whose amount the parties designate during the formation of a contract for the injured party to collect as compensation upon a specific breach (e.g., late performance). This is most applicable where the damages are intangible. An average of the likely costs which may be incurred in dealing with a breach may be used. Authority for the proposition that averaging is the appropriate approach may be taken from the case of ''English Hop Growers v Dering'', 2 KB 174, CA (1928). When damages are not predetermined/assessed in advance, then the amount recoverable is said to be "at large" (to be agreed or determined by a court or tribunal in the event of breach). The purpose of a liquidated damages clause is to increase certainty and avoid the legal costs of determining actual damages later if the contract is breached. Thus, they are most appropriate when (a) the parties can agree in advance on rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
