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Escadrille 315
''Escadrille Spa.315'' (originally ''Escadrille N.311'', ''Escadrille N.315'') was a French fighter squadron founded in February 1917, during the First World War. Assigned to the defense of the city of Belfort on the Franco/German border, it shot down 21 enemy planes while taking only two losses. On 26 October 1918, they were Mentioned in dispatches for this feat. History Founded in February 1917 with Nieuport fighters as ''Escadrille N.311'', it was dissolved in June. It was reformed in '' VI Armee'' on 25 July, still with Nieuports, as ''Escadrille N.315''. It was assigned to the defense of Belfort, France,near the German border.''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918'', p. 109Google map of BelforRetrieved 4 September 2020 It was designated ''Escadrille Spa.315'' on 10 July 1918, signifying that it had been re-equipped with Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés, SPAD fighters. On 26 Oct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roundel Of The French Air Force Before 1945
A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also commonly used to refer to a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular in shape and usually comprising concentric rings of different colours. Other symbols also often use round shapes. Heraldry In heraldry, a ''roundel'' is a circular charge. ''Roundels'' are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from at least the twelfth century. Roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture. Thus, while a roundel may be blazoned by its tincture, e.g., ''a roundel vert'' (literally "a roundel green"), it is more often described by a single word, in this case ''pomme'' (literally "apple", from the French) or, from the same origins, ''pomeis''—as in "Vert; on a cross Or five pomeis". One special example of a named roundel is the fountain, depicted as ''a roundel barry wavy argent and azure'', that is, containing alternating hori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Air Service
The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; it became an independent military branch in 1934 as the French Air Force. On 10 September 2020, it assumed its current name, the French Air and Space Force, to reflect an "evolution of its mission" into the area of outer space. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air and Space Force varies depending on the source; the Ministry of Armed Forces gives a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. According to 2018 data, this figure includes 210 combat aircraft: 115 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 95 Dassault Rafale. As of 2021, the French Air and Space Force employs a total of 40,500 regular personnel, with a reserve element of 5,187 in 2014. The Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force (CEMAAE) is a direct subordinate of the Chie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mentioned In Dispatches
To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy is described. In some countries, a service member's name must be mentioned in dispatches as a condition for receiving certain decorations. United Kingdom, British Empire, and Commonwealth of Nations Servicemen and women of the British Empire or the Commonwealth who are mentioned in despatches (MiD) are not awarded a medal for their actions, but receive a certificate and wear an oak leaf device on the ribbon of the appropriate campaign medal. A smaller version of the oak leaf device is attached to the ribbon when worn alone. Prior to 2014, only one device could be worn on a ribbon, irrespective of the number of times the recipient was mentioned in despatches. Where no campaign medal is awarded, the oak leaf is worn direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belfort
Belfort (; archaic german: Beffert/Beffort) is a city in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Northeastern France, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg, approximately from the France–Switzerland border. It is the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort department. Belfort is from Paris, from Strasbourg, from Lyon and from Zürich. The residents of the city are called "Belfortains". The city is located on the river Savoureuse, on a strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap (''Trouée de Belfort'') or Burgundian Gate (''Porte de Bourgogne''). It is located approximately south from the base of the Ballon d'Alsace mountain range, source of the Savoureuse. The city of Belfort has 46,443 inhabitants (2019).Téléc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nieuport
Nieuport, later Nieuport-Delage, was a French aeroplane company that primarily built racing aircraft before World War I and fighter aircraft during World War I and between the wars. History Beginnings Originally formed as Nieuport-Duplex in 1902 for the manufacture of engine components the company was reformed in 1909 as the Société Générale d'Aéro-locomotion, and its products were marketed to the aviation industry, including ignition components. During this time they built their first aircraft, a small single-seat pod and boom monoplane. This was destroyed shortly after having been flown successfully, during the Great Flood of Paris in 1909 . A second design flew before the end of 1909 and had the essential form of modern aircraft, including an enclosed fuselage with the pilot protected from the slipstream and a horizontal tail whose aerodynamic force acted downwards, balancing the weight of the engine ahead of the centre of gravity, as opposed to upwards as on contemp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Army (France)
The Sixth Army (french: 6eme Armée) was a field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II. World War I The Sixth Army was formed 26 August 1914, composed of troops from various disparate French armies: two active army corps, the ( 4th and 7th respectively detached from the Third Army and First Army, the 5th and 6th groups of reserve divisions, the 45th and 37th Infantry Divisions, a native brigade and a cavalry corps. After Alexander von Kluck rotated his German First Army away from Paris to reinforce Karl von Bülow's German Second Army, Joseph Gallieni ordered the Sixth Army to attack von Kluck's forces. Although the German First Army counterattacked, this allowed John French's British Expeditionary Force to occupy a twenty-mile salient between the two armies beginning the First Battle of the Marne. France would end up contributing three corps to the opening attack of the Battle of the Somme (the 20th Army Corps, I Colonial and 35th Corps of the Sixth A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société Pour L'aviation Et Ses Dérivés
Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the second largest food products group in France, behind Danone. It owns brands such as Parmalat, Président, Siggi's Dairy, Skånemejerier, Rachel's Organic, and Stonyfield Farm. History André Besnier started a small cheesemaking company in 1933 and launched its ''Président'' brand of Camembert in 1968. In 1990, it acquired Group Bridel (2,300 employees, 10 factories, fourth-largest French dairy group) with a presence in 60 countries. In 1992, it acquired United States cheese company Sorrento. In 1999, ''la société Besnier'' became ''le groupe Lactalis'' owned by Belgian holding company BSA International SA. In 2006, they bought Italian group Galbani, and in 2008, bought Swiss cheesemaker Baer. They bought Italian group Parmalat in a 2011 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Army (France)
The Sixth Army (french: 6eme Armée) was a field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II. World War I The Sixth Army was formed 26 August 1914, composed of troops from various disparate French armies: two active army corps, the (4th Army Corps (France), 4th and 7th respectively detached from the Third Army and First Army, the 5th and 6th groups of reserve divisions, the 45th and 37th Infantry Division (France), 37th Infantry Divisions, a native brigade and a cavalry corps. After Alexander von Kluck rotated his 1st Army (German Empire), German First Army away from Paris to reinforce Karl von Bülow's 2nd Army (German Empire), German Second Army, Joseph Gallieni ordered the Sixth Army to attack von Kluck's forces. Although the German First Army counterattacked, this allowed John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, John French's British Expeditionary Force (World War I), British Expeditionary Force to occupy a twenty-mile salient between the two armies beginning the First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Chabrier
Lieutenant Albert Rene Chabrier (1896-1920) was a French World War I flying ace A flying ace, fighter ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The exact number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an ace is varied, but is usually co ... credited with six aerial victories.The Aerodrome websitRetrieved 2 August 2020. Biography Albert René Chabrier was born on 24 May 1896 in Briare, France. His earlier service during World War I is unclear; however, he was posted to ''Escadrille 315'' on 9 November 1917. He was credited with six aerial victories during 1918. He was awarded the '' Croix de Guerre'' with four ''palmes'' during his service.''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918'', p. 130 Chabrier was killed in an aviation accident on 18 January 1920, in Peru. Sources of information References * Frank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maréchal Des Logis
() is a sub-officer rank used by some units of the French Armed Forces. It is traditionally a cavalry unit rank. There are three distinct ranks of ''maréchal des logis'', which are generally the equivalents of sergeant ranks (although they generally have less responsibility than a British or Commonwealth sergeant). * ''Maréchal des logis-chef'' (equivalent to ''sergent-chef''). This is a superior rank to ''maréchal des logis'' and wears three chevrons, gold or silver.The colour of the chevrons of the ''maréchal des logis'' depends on his unit; the vast majority of armoured cavalry units use silver, but a few of them, like the spahis, use gold. ** * ''Maréchal des logis de carrière'' (equivalent to ''sergent''). Wears two chevrons. A ''maréchal des logis'' is shortened to "''margis''". ** * ''Maréchal des logis sous contrat''. Wears one chevron. This rank is increasingly uncommon in the French military since the end of conscription. The ''maréchal des logis'' usuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Uteau
'' Maréchal-des-logis'' Gilbert Jean Uteau was a French World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.The Aerodrome website page on UteaRetrieved4 September 2020. Biography See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Gilbert Jean Uteau volunteered for military service as an artilleryman about a year after World War I began, on 10 July 1915. The next notice of Uteau in the archives is his posting to '' Escadrille Spa.315'' on 24 November 1917. Flying in defense of Belfort,''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918'', p. 109 he shot down two German airplanes and two observation balloons between 11 July and 21 October 1918. On 14 September, after his fourth triumph, Uteau was awarded the'' Medaille Militaire'' for valor. By the war's end on 11 November 1918, he had also earned the '' Croix de Guerre'' with six ''palmes'' and an ''etoile''.''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Franks
Norman Leslie Robert Franks (born 1940) is an English militaria writer who specialises in aviation topics. He focuses on the pilots and squadrons of World Wars I and II. Biography He published his first book in 1976. He was an Organisation and Methods Officer with the Nationwide Building Society in London before he retired. He now lives in Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, with his wife Heather. They have two sons, Rob and Mike, and five grandchildren. He was a consultant for the Channel 4 television series ''Dogfight: The Mystery of the Red Baron''. His 1995 book on the Red Baron has been published and reissued by three publishers. He is also one of the founding members of the Cross and Cockade society for World War I aviation historians, which was formed in 1970, and a member of Over the Front, the league of World War I aviation historians. In total, he has authored over 120 books covering military aviation. Published works *Franks, Norman. ''Double Mission: Fighter Pilot a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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