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Engeletin
Engeletin is a flavanonol rhamnoside, a phenolic compound found in wine and isolated from the bark of ''Hymenaea martiana''. See also * Phenolic compounds in wine The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds incl ... References Flavonoid rhamnosides {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavanonol
The flavanonols (with two "o"s a.k.a. 3-hydroxyflavanone or 2,3-dihydroflavonol) are a class of flavonoids that use the 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one (IUPAC name) backbone. Some examples include: * Taxifolin (or Dihydroquercetin) * Aromadedrin (or Dihydrokaempferol) * Engeletin (or Dihydrokaempferol-3-rhamnoside) Metabolism * Flavanone 3-dioxygenase * Flavonol synthase * Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase Glycosides Glycosides ( chrysandroside A and chrysandroside B) can be found in the roots of '' Gordonia chrysandra''. Xeractinol, a dihydroflavonol C-glucoside, can be isolated from the leaves of '' Paepalanthus argenteus var. argenteus''. Dihydro-flavonol glycosides ( astilbin, neoastilbin, isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, (2''R'', 3''R'')-taxifolin-3'-''O''-β-D-pyranoglucoside) have been identified in the rhizome of ''Smilax glabra ''Smilax glabra'', sarsaparilla, is a plant species in the genus ''Smilax''. It is native to China, the Himalayas, and Indochina. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Compounds In Wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers ( catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. Origin of the phenolic compounds The natural phenols are not evenly distributed within the fruit. Phenolic acids are largely present in the pulp, anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the skin, and other phenols ( catechins, proanthocyanidins and fla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dihydrokaempferol
Aromadendrin (aromodendrin or dihydrokaempferol) is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in the wood of ''Pinus sibirica''. Metabolism The enzyme dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase uses ''cis''-3,4-leucopelargonidin and NADP+ to produce (+)-aromadendrin, NADPH, and H+. Glycosides (2''R'',3''R'')-''trans''-Aromadendrin-7-''O''-''beta''-D-glucopyranoside-6′′-(4′′′-hydroxy-2′′′-methylene butanoate) is an acylated glucoside of aromadendrin isolated from the stem bark of '' Afzelia bella'' (Fabaceae). Phellamurin is the 8- prenyl 7-glucoside derivative of aromadendrin. Chemistry (+)- Leucopelargonidin, (2''R'',3''S'',4''R'')-3,4,5,7,4'-pentahydroxyflavan, can be synthesized from (+)-aromadendrin by sodium borohydride Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydridoborate and sodium tetrahydroborate, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na BH4. This white solid, usually encountered as an aqueous basic solution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamnoside
Rhamnose (Rha, Rham) is a naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose. Rhamnose predominantly occurs in nature in its L-form as L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L- mannose). This is unusual, since most of the naturally occurring sugars are in D-form. Exceptions are the methyl pentoses L- fucose and L-rhamnose and the pentose L- arabinose. However, examples of naturally-occurring D-rhamnose include some species of bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and '' Helicobacter pylori''. Rhamnose can be isolated from Buckthorn (''Rhamnus''), poison sumac, and plants in the genus '' Uncaria''. Rhamnose is also produced by microalgae belonging to class Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). Rhamnose is commonly bound to other sugars in nature. It is a common glycone component of glycosides from many plants. Rhamnose is also a component of the outer cell membrane of acid-fast bacteria in the ''Mycobacterium'' genus, which includes the organism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wines not made from grapes involve fermentation of other crops including rice wine and other fruit wines such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, currant and elderberry. Wine has been produced for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of wine is from the Caucasus regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenaea Martiana
''Hymenaea martiana'' is a tree species in the genus '' Hymenaea'' found in Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceara, Goias, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco) and Paraguay. Chemicals The three rhamnosides eucryphin, astilbin Astilbin is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. Astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer. Natural occurrences Astilbin can be found in St John's wort (''Hypericum perforatum'' ... and engelitin can be isolated from the bark of ''H. martiana''. References * martiana Trees of Brazil Trees of Paraguay {{Detarioideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
