History
The earliest known traces of wine are fromEtymology
The English word "wine" comes from theTypes of wine
Wine types: *Styles
Wine is made in many ways from different fruits, with grapes being the most common.From grapes
The type of grape used and the amount of skin contact while the juice is being extracted determines the color and general style of the wine. The color has no relation to a wine'sRed
Red wine gains its color and flavor (notably, tannins) from the grape skin, by allowing the grapes to soak in the extracted juice. Red wine is made from dark-colored red grape varieties. The actual color of the wine can range from violet, typical of young wines, through red for mature wines, to brown for older red wines. The juice from most red grapes is actually greenish-white; the red color comes fromWhite
To make white wine, grapes are pressed quickly with the juice immediately drained away from the grape skins. The grapes used are typically white grape varieties, though red grapes may be used if the winemaker is careful not to let the skin stain the wort during the separation of the pulp-juice. For example,Rosé
A rosé wine gainsOrange
Sometimes called amber wines, these are wines made with white grapes but with the skins allowed to soak during pressing, similar to red and rosé wine production. They are notably tannic, and usually made dry.Sparkling
These areDessert
This refers to sweet wines that have a high level ofFrom other fruits and foods
Fruit
Wines from other fruits, such as apples and berries, are usually named after the fruit from which they are produced, and combined with the word "wine" (for example,Honey
Mead, also called honey wine, is created by fermentingStarch
Other drinks called "wine", such as barley wine andGrape varieties
Wine is usually made from one or more varieties of the EuropeanClassification
Regulations govern the classification and sale of wine in many regions of the world. European wines tend to be classified by region (e.g.European classifications
France has variousBeyond Europe
New World wines—those made outside the traditional wine regions of Europe—are usually classified by grape rather than by ''terroir'' or region of origin, although there have been unofficial attempts to classify them by quality. According to Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, wine in Canada is an alcoholic drink that is produced by the complete or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, grape must, products derived solely from fresh grapes, or any combination of them. There are many materials added during the course of the manufacture, such as yeast, concentrated grape juice,Vintages
In the United States, for a wine to be vintage-dated and labeled with a country of origin orTasting
Collecting
Outstanding vintages from the best vineyards may sell for thousands ofProduction
Exporting countries
Consumption
Wine-consumption data from a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in liters of pure ethyl alcohol consumed per capita in a given year, according to the most recent data from theCulinary uses
Wine is a popular and importantReligious significance
Ancient religions
The use of wine in ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies was common.Judaism
Wine is an integral part of Jewish laws and traditions. The ''Christianity
InIslam
Alcoholic drinks, including wine, are forbidden under most interpretations ofHealth effects
Short-term
Wine contains ethyl alcohol, the chemical inLong-term
The main active ingredient of wine is ethanol. A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis found that moderate ethanol consumption brought no mortality benefit compared with lifetime abstention from ethanol consumption. A systematic analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease study found that consumption of ethanol increases the risk of cancer and increases the risk of all-cause mortality, and that the most healthful dose of ethanol is zero consumption. Some studies have concluded that drinking small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink daily in women and two drinks daily in men) is associated with a decreased risk ofForgery and manipulation
Incidents of fraud, such as mislabeling the origin or quality of wines, have resulted in regulations on labeling. "Wine scandals" that have received media attention include: * ThePackaging
Most wines are sold in glass bottles and sealed with corks (50% of which come fromStorage
Professions
There are a large number of occupations and professions that are part of the wine industry, ranging from the individuals who grow the grapes, prepare the wine, bottle it, sell it, assess it, market it and finally make recommendations to clients and serve the wine.See also
* Outline of wine * Glossary of wine terms * Classification of wine *References
Further reading
* * * * * * * * * *External links