Emerita (crustacean)
''Emerita'' is a small genus of Decapoda, decapod crustaceans, known as sand crabs, or mole crabs. These small animals burrow in the sand in the swash, swash zone and use their antenna (biology), antennae for filter feeding. Description ''Emerita'' has a barrel-shaped body. It has a tough exoskeleton and can hold its appendages close to the body, allowing it to roll in the tidal currents and waves. It has feathery antennae, which are used to filter plankton and detritus from the swash. Males are typically smaller than females, and in some species, such as ''Emerita rathbunae'', the minute males live attached to the legs of the female. Females are around in carapace length, depending on the species, while males vary from a similar size to females in ''Emerita austroafricana, E. austroafricana'', down to carapace length in ''E. rathbunae'' and ''Emerita talpoida, E. talpoida''. Distribution The genus as a whole has a broad distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. Most ...
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Emerita Analoga
''Emerita analoga'', the Pacific sand crab or Pacific mole crab, is a species of small, sand-burrowing decapod crustacean found living in the sand along the temperate western coasts of North and South America. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone. Description The Pacific sand crab is a small crustacean growing up to long and wide. The female is nearly twice as large as the male and can often be identified by the orange egg mass carried under the telson. The adult is sand-coloured and well camouflaged, and has no claws or spines. It has five pairs of legs and three pairs of pleopods. Sand crabs moult periodically, so their exoskeletons may be found washed up on the beach. The sand crab is well adapted to life in the sand, which presents an unstable substrate, and its shape is an elongated dome shape designed for fast burrowing. The eyes are on long stalks and the antennules are also elongated so as to project above the surface of t ...
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Emerita Talpoida
''Emerita talpoida'', known generally as the Atlantic mole crab or Atlantic sand crab, is a species of mole crab in the family Hippidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Mexico along the shoreline. Range The Atlantic mole crab inhabits the swash zone of sandy beaches from Cape Cod south to the gulf Coast of Mexico. It is one of seven New World ''Emerita'' species. Ecology Like all '' Emerita'' species, the Atlantic mole crab is a fossorial filter feeder. It requires moving water in order to feed, and it does so by burrowing itself backwards into the sand. It uses its exposed feathery antennae to filter algae, detritus, and plankton. The Atlantic mole crab is an important food source for the Atlantic ghost crab, the blue crab, and certain species of fish in the swash zone. Shorebirds, notably sanderlings have also been observed foraging for sand crabs. The combination of its burrowing feeding strategy and its camouflaged carapace assist the Atlantic mole crab in e ...
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Emerita Portoricensis
The Puerto Rican sand crab, ''Emerita portoricensis'', is a species of "sand crab" belonging to the genus '' Emerita'', which is native to the main island of Puerto Rico and its archipelago. This species has also been found on beaches off the coast of Venezuela. The most detailed study conducted on the species was done by Miguel P. Sastre between 1988 and 1992. This investigation determined that the species has diotic traits and that there are size and survival differences between sexes. Both sexes reach sexual maturity three months after birth. Description On average, the carapace length of males is 11mm and 19mm in females. Ecology Puerto Rican sand crabs, along with '' Hippa cubensis'', ''Emerita brasiliensis'', and ''Lepidora richmondi'' inhabit the sandy beaches of Golfo Triste in Venezuela. Using their uropods, they dig into the sand, primarily in the surf zone. As filter feeders, they use their antennae to catch detritus and plankton caught in the waves. This species ...
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Emerita Karachiensis
Emerita may refer to: * ''Emerita'' (crustacean), a genus of crustaceans *Emerita Augusta, an ancient city of Spain * Saint Emerita, 3rd-century martyr; see Digna and Emerita * Emerita, the feminine form of the adjective "emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...

Emerita Holthuisi
Emerita may refer to: * ''Emerita'' (crustacean), a genus of crustaceans *Emerita Augusta, an ancient city of Spain * Saint Emerita, 3rd-century martyr; see Digna and Emerita * Emerita, the feminine form of the adjective "emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...

Emerita Brasiliensis
Emerita may refer to: * ''Emerita'' (crustacean), a genus of crustaceans *Emerita Augusta, an ancient city of Spain * Saint Emerita, 3rd-century martyr; see Digna and Emerita * Emerita, the feminine form of the adjective "emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...

Emerita Benedicti
Emerita may refer to: * ''Emerita'' (crustacean), a genus of crustaceans *Emerita Augusta, an ancient city of Spain * Saint Emerita, 3rd-century martyr; see Digna and Emerita * Emerita, the feminine form of the adjective "emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...

Zootaxa
''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. From 2001 to 2020, more than 60,000 new species have been described in the journal accounting for around 25% of all new taxa indexed in The Zoological Record in the last few years. Print and online versions are available. Temporary suspension from JCR The journal exhibited high levels of self-citation and its journal impact factor of 2019 was suspended from ''Journal Citation Reports ''Journal Citation Reports'' (''JCR'') is an annual publicationby Clarivate Analytics (previously the intellectual property of Thomson Reuters). It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science-Core Collec ...'' in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total. Biologist Ross Mounce noted that high levels of se ...
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts an ...
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ...
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Hippa
''Hippa'' is a genus of decapod crustaceans in the family Hippidae, containing the following species: *''Hippa adactyla ''Hippa adactyla'' is a species of small, sand-burrowing Decapoda, decapod crustacean found living along the coasts of Indo-West Pacific waters. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone. Description A smal ...'' Fabricius, 1787 *'' Hippa admirabilis'' Thallwitz, 1892 *'' Hippa alcimede'' de Man, 1902 *'' Hippa australis'' Hale, 1927 *'' Hippa carcineutes'' Holthuis & Manning, 1970 *'' Hippa celaeno'' de Man, 1896 *'' Hippa granulatus'' Borradaile, 1904 *'' Hippa hirtipes'' Dana, 1852 *'' Hippa indica'' Haig, Murugan & Balakrishnan Nair, 1986 *'' Hippa marmorata'' Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846 *'' Hippa ovalis'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1862 *'' Hippa picta'' Heller, 1861 *'' Hippa strigillata'' Stimpson, 1860 *'' Hippa testudinaria'' Herbst, 1791 *'' Hippa truncatifrons'' Miers, 1878 It is closely related to the genus '' Emer ...
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Portable Document Format
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.Adobe Systems IncorporatedPDF Reference, Sixth edition, version 1.23 (53 MB) Nov 2006, p. 33. Archiv/ref> Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video ...
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