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Eilenodontinae
Opisthodontia is a proposed clade of sphenodontian reptiles, uniting ''Opisthias'' from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe and North America with the Elienodontinae, a group of herbivorous sphenodontians known from the Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous. Description Teeth and diet Like other sphenodonts, opisthodonts had acrodont teeth which grew directly from the bone. They had one row of teeth on the lower jaw and two rows on the roof of the mouth. When processing food, their mandibular teeth would have slid between the outer (maxillary) teeth and inner (palatine) teeth. Some opisthodonts, such as '' Sphenotitan'', also had clusters of small teeth on the pterygoid at the center of the mouth roof. Opisthodont teeth were wide, numerous, and tightly-packed for grinding and shredding tough plant matter. Although wide shredding teeth are also known in a few other sphenodontians, such as ''Clevosaurus'' and ''Pelecymala'', the most diverse and long-lasting group of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaikaifilusaurus
''Kaikaifilusaurus'' is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalians in the family Sphenodontidae from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Fossils of the genus were found in Cenomanian sediments of the Candeleros Formation and Turonian layers of the Huincul Formation, both of the Neuquén Basin and the Albian strata of the Cerro Barcino Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, all in Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains two species, ''K. minimus'' and the type species ''K. calvoi''.''Kaikaifilusaurus'' at Fossilworks.org Etymology The genus name ''Kaikaifilusaurus'' is derived from the |
Sphenodontian
Rhynchocephalia (; ) is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (''Sphenodon punctatus'') of New Zealand. Despite its current lack of diversity, during the Mesozoic rhynchocephalians were a diverse group including a wide array of morphologically distinct forms. The oldest record of the group is dated to the Middle Triassic around 238 to 240 million years ago, and they had achieved a worldwide distribution by the Early Jurassic. Most rhynchocephalians belong to the group Sphenodontia ('wedge-teeth'). Their closest living relatives are lizards and snakes in the order Squamata, with the two orders being grouped together in the superorder Lepidosauria. Many of the niches occupied by lizards today were held by sphenodontians during the Triassic and Jurassic, although lizard diversity began to overtake sphenodontian diversity in the Cretaceous, and they had disappeared almost entirely by the beginning of the Cenozoic. While the modern tua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priosphenodon
''Priosphenodon'' is an extinct rhynchocephalian known from the early Late Cretaceous of Argentina. It is believed to have been a fairly large herbivore, having a longer snout than modern tuatara, with teeth specialised for shearing plant matter, like other members of Eilenodontinae. The teeth are densely packed with a cone-in-cone structure, and have prismatic enamel structure similar to those of mammals and the lizard ''Uromastyx,'' which was likely an adaptation to wear resistance in the absence of tooth replacement. Two species are known, ''P. avelesi'' and ''P. minimus''. The latter has also been considered a part of the separate genus ''Kaikaifilusaurus.'' Fossils of the genus have been found in the Candeleros and Cerro Barcino Formation The Cerro Barcino Formation (also known as the Gorro Frigio Formation) is a geological formation in South America whose strata span the Early Cretaceous to the earliest Late Cretaceous. The top age for the formation has been estimated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenodontidae
Sphenodontidae is a family within the reptile group Rhynchocephalia, comprising taxa most closely related to the living tuatara of the genus ''Sphenodon''. Historically the taxa included within Sphenodontidae have varied greatly between analyses, and the group has lacked a formal definition. '' Cynosphenodon'' from the Early Jurassic of Mexico has consistently been recovered as a close relative of the tuatara in most analyses, with the clade containing the two often called Sphenodontinae. The herbivorous Eilenodontinae, otherwise considered part of Opisthodontia, is also sometimes considered part of this family as the sister group to Sphenodontinae. Sphenodontines first appeared during the Early Jurassic, and are characterised by a complete lower temporal bar caused by the fusion of the quadrate/quadratojugal and the jugal The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or zygomatic. It is connected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eilenodon
''Eilenodon'' is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America,Foster, J. (2007). "Table 2.1: Fossil Vertebrates of the Morrison Formation." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 58-59. present in stratigraphic zone 4.Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329. The only known species of this genus was ''Eilenodon robustus''. It was a member of a group of rhynchocephalians called the eilenodontines, which were large, herbivorous members of Rhynchocephalia, the order of reptiles which contains the modern tuatara (''Sphenodon''). The generic name "''Eilenodon''" is Greek for "packed teeth", in reference to its closely packed teeth. The specific name, "''robustus''", refers to the strong build of the jaws. Description ''Eilenodon robustus'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagosphenos
''Patagosphenos'' is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Cretaceous Huincul Formation of Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... It contains a single species, ''Patagosphenos watuku''. References {{Sphenodontia Sphenodontia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxolophosaurus
''Toxolophosaurus'' was a sphenodont from the Early Cretaceous-age Kootenai Formation of Montana. Discovery ''Toxolophosaurus cloudi'' was found by Olson in 1960 in the Kootenai Formation, 223.75 feet above the base of the Kootenai. Classification ''Toxolophosaurus'' was placed in Sphenodontidae by Michael Benton in 1985. It is closely related to ''Priosphenodon'' and ''Eilenodon''. Diet ''Toxolophosaurus'' was herbivorous. See also *Lepidosauromorpha *Lepidosauria * Sphenodontia / Rhynchocephalia * Opisthodontia *''Opisthias ''Opisthias'' is a genus of sphenodont reptile. The type species, ''Opisthias rarus'', is known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) Morrison Formation of western North America, present in stratigraphic zones 2 and 4–6. Distributi ...'' References Early Cretaceous reptiles of North America Sphenodontia {{cretaceous-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica. The earliest recorded human presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandible
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skull (discounting the ossicles of the middle ear). It is connected to the temporal bones by the temporomandibular joints. The bone is formed in the fetus from a fusion of the left and right mandibular prominences, and the point where these sides join, the mandibular symphysis, is still visible as a faint ridge in the midline. Like other symphyses in the body, this is a midline articulation where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage, but this articulation fuses together in early childhood.Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, p. 59 The word "mandible" derives from the Latin word ''mandibula'', "jawbone" (literally "one used for chewing"), from '' mandere'' "to chew" and ''-bula'' (ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankylosphenodon
''Ankylosphenodon'' is an extinct species of sphenodontian known from Tepexi de Rodriguez, Mexico. It is known from Early Cretaceous sedimentary deposits from the Tlayua formation. Lifestyle ''Ankylosphenodon'' is thought to have been an aquatic reptile due to its pachyostotic skeleton and other anatomical features often seen in aquatic animals. There is also evidence that its teeth were constantly growing throughout its lifetime, which may be indicative of herbivory, a rare characteristic among Lepidosauria The Lepidosauria (, from Greek meaning ''scaled lizards'') is a subclass or superorder of reptiles, containing the orders Squamata and Rhynchocephalia. Squamata includes snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenians. Squamata contains over 9,000 species .... References Sphenodontia Cretaceous reptiles of North America Prehistoric reptile genera {{Cretaceous-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age ( geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227 to million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian. Stratigraphic definitions The Norian was named after the Noric Alps in Austria. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Austrian geologist Edmund Mojsisovics von Mojsvar in 1869. The Norian Stage begins at the base of the ammonite biozones of '' Klamathites macrolobatus'' and '' Stikinoceras kerri'', and at the base of the conodont biozones of '' Metapolygnathus communisti'' and '' Metapolygnathus primitius''. A global reference profile for the base (a GSSP) had in 2009 not yet been appointed. The top of the Norian (the base of the Rhaetian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species '' Cochloceras amoenum''. The base of the Rheatian is also close to the first appearance of conodont species '' Misikella spp.'' and ''Epigondolell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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