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Exceptionalism
Exceptionalism is the perception or belief that a species, country, society, institution, movement, individual, or time period is "wiktionary:exceptional, exceptional" (i.e., unusual or extraordinary). The term carries the implication, whether or not specified, that the referent is superior in some way. Although the idea appears to have developed with respect to an era, today it is particularly applied with respect to particular nations or regions. Other uses of the term include medical and genetic exceptionalism. History The German romantic philosopher-historians, especially Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) and Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), dwelt on the theme of uniqueness in the late 18th century. They de-emphasized the political state and instead emphasized the uniqueness of the ''Volk'', comprising the whole people, their languages and traditions. Each nation, considered as a cultural entity with its own distinctive history, possessed a "national spirit", or "s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Exceptionalism
American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States is either distinctive, unique, or exemplary compared to other nations. Proponents argue that the Culture of the United States, values, Politics of the United States, political system, and History of the United States, historical development of the U.S. are unique in human history, often with the implication that it is both destined and entitled to play a distinct and positive role on the world stage. It originates in the observations and writings of French political scientist and historian Alexis de Tocqueville, most notably in his comparison of the United States with Great Britain and his native France. Tocqueville was the first writer to describe the country as "exceptional" following his travels there in 1831. The earliest documented use of the specific term "American exceptionalism" is by American communists in intra-communist disputes in the late 1920s. Seymour Martin Lipset, a prominent political science, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Exceptionalism
Chinese exceptionalism () is the belief that China is either distinctive, unique, or exemplary compared to other nations. Clarissa Tan described Zhang Weiwei and Eric X. Li as Chinese exceptionalists who argue that the China model is the right path for China, a civilization state. According to Tan, this view has become increasingly popular. The Chinese government has recruited Chinese exceptionalism into its notion of a " peaceful rise." According to John M. Friend and Bradley A. Thayer, within Han nationalist narrative, Han culture is considered to be the authentic character of the Chinese nation; to deviate from the Han identity will only tarnish Chinese exceptionalism and impede China's rise. According to the abstract of a 2013 book chapter by Feng Zhang, "Although exceptionalism is an important dimension of China's foreign policy, it has not been a subject of serious scholarly research. This chapter examines the manifestations and sources of contemporary Chinese exception ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HIV Exceptionalism
HIV exceptionalism is the term given to the trend to treat HIV/AIDS in law and policy differently from other diseases, including other sexually transmitted, infectious, lethal diseases. The term first appeared in print in an article in the ''New England Journal of Medicine'' in 1991. HIV exceptionalists emphasize the human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly their rights to privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy. They also believe that all people seeking an HIV test always require special services, such as counseling with every HIV test, special informed consent paperwork, and guaranteed anonymity in public health reporting. In many places, it is illegal to disclose HIV test results over the phone or over the Internet. That is motivated partly by a desire to reduce the likelihood of suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors for suicide include mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse. Some suic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chosen People
Throughout history, various groups of people have considered themselves to be the chosen people of a deity, for a particular purpose. The phenomenon of "chosen people" is well known among the Israelites and Jews, where the term () refers to the Israelites as being selected by Yahweh to worship only him and to fulfill the mission of proclaiming his truth throughout the world. Some claims of chosenness are based on parallel claims of Israelite ancestry, as is the case for the Christian Identity and Black Hebrew sects—both which claim themselves (and not Jews) to be the "true Israel". Others claim that the concept is spiritual, where individuals who genuinely believe in God are considered to be the "true" chosen people. This view is common among most Christian denominations, who historically believed that the church replaced Israel as the people of God. Anthropologists commonly regard claims of chosenness as a form of ethnocentrism. Judaism In Judaism, "chosenness" is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaraguan Exceptionalism
Nicaraguan exceptionalism (Spanish: ''Excepcionalismo Nicaragüense'') is a belief that Nicaragua is an exceptional nation, different from its Central American neighbors, despite shared history in the Federal Republic of Central America and regional integration in the Central American Integration System. This concept differs from the exceptionalism of other nations primarily as its basis rests solely upon the actions and institutions implemented since the Sandanista government took power in the 1979 revolution, and again in 2006 after passing power to the National Opposition Union. The difference here is, most nationalist claims to exceptionalism originate from the founding of nations and/or the development of their cultures due to long histories. The widely regarded exception within the current panorama of dystopian violence afflicting contemporary Central America, Nicaragua is often hailed as "the safest (sano) country in Latin America (despite also being the poorest)". Other ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
God's Own Country
"God's Own Country" is a phrase meaning an area, region or place supposedly favoured by God. While its origins can be traced to various locations, the phrase has gained widespread recognition as a moniker for the Indian state of Kerala. Australia In Australia, the phrase "God's own country" was often used to describe the country in the early 1900s, but it appears to have gradually fallen out of favour. The phrase "God's Country" is often used to describe Queensland and the Sutherland Shire in southern Sydney. Brazil The idea of "God's own country", worded as "''Deus é brasileiro''" (Portuguese: "''God is Brazilian''"), is a common trope in Brazilian culture to inspire optimism and point out the country has vast resources but faces few natural disasters nor international conflict. It is referenced by politicians and artworks, as in the movie ''God Is Brazilian''. England When used in reference to England, "God's own country" refers to the legend that as a boy Jesus visite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exceptional
Exception(s), The Exception(s), or exceptional may refer to: Arts and entertainment * '' The Exception'', a 2016 British film * ''The Exception'' (2006 novel), a Danish novel (orig. ''Undtagelsen'', 2004) by Christian Jungersen * ''The Exception'' (2019 film), a Danish film starring Amanda Collin, based on the 2006 novel * ''Exception'' (TV series), a 2022 animated science fiction horror series. * "Exception" (song), by Ana Johnsson* ''Exception'' (TV series), a 2022 anime series on Netflix * ''Exception'' (video game), a 2019 game from Traxmaster Software * '' Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America'', a 2015 book by Dick and Liz Cheney * The Exceptions, a German demo (computer art) group Other uses * Exception (computer science), an anomalous condition during computation * Exceptional objects, in mathematics ** Exceptional isomorphisms * State of exception A state of exception () is a concept introduced in the 1920s by the German philosopher, juri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurasianism
Eurasianism ( ) is a Political sociology, socio-political movement in Russia that emerged in the early 20th century under the Russian Empire, which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the Geopolitics, geopolitical concept of Eurasia and the "Russian world", forming an ostensibly standalone Russian civilization. The first Eurasianists were mostly ''émigrés'', Pacifism, pacifists, and their vision of the future had features of romanticism and utopianism. The goal of the Eurasianists was the unification of the Nicene Christianity, main Christian churches under the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church. A key feature of Eurasianism is the rejection of Russian ethnic nationalism, which seeks to build a Pan-Slavism, pan-Slavic state. The Eurasianists strongly opposed the territorial fragmentation of the Russian Empire that had occurred due to the October Revolution, Bolshevik Revolution and the following Russian Civil War, civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Rus
Holy Rus' or Holy Russia () - is an important religious and philosophical concept which appeared from the 9th century and developed gradually from the 16th century to the 21st century by people in Grand Duchy of Moscow, East Europe, Central Eurasia and Great Russia. As a concept it has several meanings. It designates the Russian land as chosen by God and enlightened by the Christian faith. However, among the other spaces, Holy Rus' is not distinguished by geography, nor by the state it constitutes, nor by ethnicity, but by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.(ru) Holy Russia.En: Словарь русского языка: В 4-х т. М., 1999. — Т. 4. — С. 59—60 History This religious concept developed through the ages in close connection with Orthodox Russian Christianity, which cannot be understood completely without the idea of Holy Rus'. The idea of Holy Rus' can be explained as the idea of Kingdom of Heaven well-known to every Christian around the world, but devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christ Of Europe
Christ of Europe, a messianic doctrine based in the New Testament, first became widespread among Poland and other various European nations through the activities of the Reformed Churches in the 16th to the 18th centuries.Chris Coleborn The Relationship of the Reformed Churches of Scotland, England, Western & Eastern Europe from the 1500s to the 1700s Protestant Reformed Seminary Theological Journal; Volume 36, Number 2, April 2003 The doctrine, based in principles of brotherly esteem and regard for one another, was adopted in messianic terms by Polish Romantics, who referred to their homeland as ''the Christ of Europe'' or as ''the Christ of Nations'' crucified in the course of the foreign partitions of Poland (1772–1795). Their own unsuccessful struggle for independence from outside powers served as an expression of faith in God's plans for Poland's ultimate ''Rising''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, and independent agencies. An act of Congress changed the office's name to its current form in 2014. History Establishment of the Government Printing Office The Government Printing Office was created by congressional joint resolution () on June 23, 1860. It began operations March 4, 1861, with 350 employees and reached a peak employment of 8,500 in 1972. The agency began transformation to computer technology in the 1980s; along with the gradual replacement of paper with el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
