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Edaphosaurid
Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivorous amniotes and, along with the Diadectidae, the earliest known herbivorous tetrapods. The head is small in relation to the bulky body, and there is a tall sail along the back, which may have functioned as a thermoregulatory device. Classification The interrelationships of Edaphosauridae was investigated in details by David M. Mazierski and Robert R. Reisz (2010). The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... below is modified after their phylogenetic analysis. Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis of Benson (2012): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordodon
''Gordodon'' (meaning "fat tooth", referring to its large incisor-like front teeth) is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid that lived during the Cisuralian, Early Permian of what is now Otero County, New Mexico, Otero County, New Mexico. It was a member of the herbivorous Neural spine sail, sail-backed Family (biology), family Edaphosauridae and contains only a single species, the type species ''G. kraineri''. ''Gordodon'' is unusual among early synapsids for its teeth, which were arranged similarly to those of modern mammals and unlike the simple, uniform lizard-like teeth of other early herbivorous synapsids. ''Gordodon'' had large incisor-like teeth at the front, followed by a prominent gap between them and a short row of peg-like teeth at the back. ''Gordodon'' was also relatively long-necked for an early synapsid, with elongated and gracile vertebrae in its neck and back. Like other edaphosaurids, ''Gordodon'' had a tall sail on its back made from the bony neural spin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Pogonias
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of its teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohemiclavulus
''Bohemiclavulus'' is a genus of synapsids that was discovered in the Slaný Formation of the Czech Republic. The type, and currently only, species is ''B. mirabilis''. Discovery and naming The holotype, NM 633, consists only of a single spinous process fragment, and it was found in the Czech Republic. Antonin Fritsch originally named ''Bohemiclavulus'' in 1895a with the binomial ''Naosaurus mirabilis''. It was renamed ''Ianthasaurus mirabilis'' in 1895b, and was renamed to ''Edaphosaurus mirabilis'' later that year.Fritsch, A. (1895b). Über neue Wirbelthiere aus der Permformation Böhmens nebst einer Übersicht der aus derselben bekannt gewordenen Arten. ''Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften'' 52: 1–17. In 2019, a new genus was created for the species. Classification ''Bohemiclavulus'' has been classified as a member of the Edaphosauridae by Spindler ''et al.'' (2019). The cladogram of Spindler ''et al.'' (2019) is shown simplified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapsid
Synapsida is a diverse group of tetrapod vertebrates that includes all mammals and their extinct relatives. It is one of the two major clades of the group Amniota, the other being the more diverse group Sauropsida (which includes all extant reptiles and therefore, birds). Unlike other amniotes, synapsids have a single temporal fenestra, an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye socket, leaving a zygomatic arch, bony arch beneath each; this accounts for the name "synapsid". The distinctive temporal fenestra developed about 318 million years ago during the Late Carboniferous period, when synapsids and sauropsids diverged, but was subsequently merged with the orbit in early mammals. The basal (phylogenetics), basal amniotes (reptiliomorphs) from which synapsids evolved were historically simply called "reptiles". Therefore, stem group synapsids were then described as mammal-like reptiles in classical systematics, and non-therapsid synapsids were also referred to as pelyco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaucosaurus Megalops
''Glaucosaurus'' is an extinct genus of edaphosaurid synapsid from the Early Permian of Texas. The type species, ''G. megalops'', was named in 1915.S. W. Williston. 1915. New genera of Permian reptiles. ''The American Journal of Science'', series 4 39(233):575-579 Classification ''Glaucosaurus'' is known only from its holotype, a partial skull and jaw. Almost all of the sutures have been obliterated. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that ''Glaucosaurus'' is not only an edaphosaurid, but a close relative of '' Edaphosaurus'' itself. All of the known sphenacodonts are carnivores except for certain therapsids. ''Glaucosaurus'' is plainly not a therapsid, e.g. because the lacrimal reaches the naris, the septomaxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ... is la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remigiomontanus
''Remigiomontanus'' is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids belonging to the Edaphosauridae Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivorous amniotes .... The type species is ''R. robustus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q109679370 Edaphosauridae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaucosaurus
''Glaucosaurus'' is an extinct genus of edaphosaurid synapsid from the Early Permian of Texas. The type species, ''G. megalops'', was named in 1915.S. W. Williston. 1915. New genera of Permian reptiles. ''The American Journal of Science'', series 4 39(233):575-579 Classification ''Glaucosaurus'' is known only from its holotype, a partial skull and jaw. Almost all of the sutures have been obliterated. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that ''Glaucosaurus'' is not only an edaphosaurid, but a close relative of ''Edaphosaurus'' itself. All of the known sphenacodonts are carnivores except for certain therapsids. ''Glaucosaurus'' is plainly not a therapsid, e.g. because the lacrimal reaches the naris, the septomaxilla is large, there are no incisors, etc. And it is just as plainly not a carnivore, since it lacks cutting edges on the teeth or canine-like teeth. So, it is very likely to be an edaphosaur. Assuming that this is the case, it is very close to ''Edaphosaurus'', becaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
