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Dama Celiae
''Dama celiae'' is an extinct species of the genus '' Dama'' that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Pleistocene. Description ''Dama celiae'' is primarily known from antler material, as well as scapulas and metatarsals. Unlike modern fallow deer, ''Dama celiae'' has pointed antlers that lack palmation. It has a large, prominent brow (first and lowest) tine which curves upwards, and branches close to the base of the antler. The main beam of the antler lacks branching, and is directed backwards and outwards. Based on the size of the metatarsals ''D. celiae'' may have been larger than living fallow deer, and more comparable in size to ''Dama clactoniana''. Distribution ''Dama celiae'' is known from two sites in Spain, Pedro Jaro I and Orcasitas, which date back to MIS 9 (~300,000 years ago). At these localities it co-occurs with animals like the straight-tusked elephant, aurochs, wild horse, European wild ass, bison, narrow-nosed rhinoceros, wild boar and cave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinction
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wild Horse
The wild horse (''Equus ferus'') is a species of the genus Equus (genus), ''Equus'', which includes as subspecies the modern domestication of the horse, domesticated horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') as well as the Endangered species, endangered Przewalski's horse (''Equus ferus przewalskii'', sometimes treated as a separate species i.e. ''Equus przewalskii''). The European wild horse, also known as the tarpan, that went extinct in the late 19th or early 20th century has previously been treated as the nominate subspecies of wild horse, ''Equus ferus ferus'', but more recent studies have cast doubt on whether tarpans were truly wild or if they actually were feral horses or hybrids.Tadeusz Jezierski, Zbigniew Jaworski: ''Das Polnische Konik. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 658'', Westarp Wissenschaften, Hohenwarsleben 2008, Other subspecies of ''Equus ferus'' may have existed and could have been the stock from which domesticated horses are descended. Przewalski's horse had reached t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossils Of Spain
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of '' Tiktaalik'' in the arctic of Canada. Paleontology includes the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are sometimes considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cervinae
The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to having lost the parts of the second and fifth metacarpal bones closest to the foot (though retaining the parts away from the foot), distinct from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae (which have instead retained these parts of those metacarpals, while losing the parts away from the foot instead). Classification and species The following species are recognised in extant genera:Alvarez D. (2007) * Tribe Muntiacini ** Genus '' Elaphodus'' *** Tufted deer (''E. cephalophus'') ** Genus '' Muntiacus'' *** Bornean yellow muntjac (''M. atherodes'') *** Hairy-fronted muntjac (''M. crinifrons'') *** Fea's muntjac (''M. feae'') *** Gongshan muntjac (''M. gongshanensis'') *** Indian muntjac (''M. muntjak'') *** Sumatran muntjac (''M. montanum'') *** Pu Hoat muntjac (''M. puhoatensis'') *** Leaf muntjac (''M. putaoensis'') *** Reeves's muntjac (''M. re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acheulean
Acheulean (; also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with ''Homo erectus'' and derived species such as ''Homo heidelbergensis''. Acheulean tools were produced during the Lower Palaeolithic era across Africa and much of West Asia, South Asia, East Asia and Europe, and are typically found with ''Homo erectus'' remains. It is thought that Acheulean technologies first developed about 2 million years ago, derived from the more primitive Oldowan technology associated with ''Homo habilis''. The Acheulean includes at least the early part of the Middle Paleolithic. Its end is not well defined; if Sangoan (also known as Epi-Acheulean) is included, it may be taken to last until as late as 130,000 years ago. In Europe and Western Asia, early Neanderthals adopted Acheulean technology, transitioning to Mouste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neanderthal
Neanderthals ( ; ''Homo neanderthalensis'' or sometimes ''H. sapiens neanderthalensis'') are an extinction, extinct group of archaic humans who inhabited Europe and Western and Central Asia during the Middle Pleistocene, Middle to Late Pleistocene. Neanderthal extinction occurred roughly 40,000 years ago with the immigration of modern humans (Cro-Magnons), but Neanderthals in Gibraltar may have persisted for thousands of years longer. The first recognised Neanderthal fossil, Neanderthal 1, was discovered in 1856 in the Neander Valley, Germany. At first, Neanderthal 1 was considered to be one of the racial hierarchy, lower races in accord with historical race concepts. As more fossils were discovered through the early 20th century, Neanderthals became characterised most especially by Marcellin Boule as a unique species of underdeveloped human. By the mid-20th century, human evolution was described as progressing from an apelike ancestor, through a "Neanderthal phase", ending ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological And Anthropological Sciences
''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences'', established in 2009,' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes articles on various aspects of anthropological and archaeological issues, including geoarchaeology, geochronology and palaeoanthropology. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in relevant scientific databases, including the Arts and Humanities Citation Index,Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 2.2. References External links * Academic journals established in 2009 Annual journals Anthropology jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megaloceros
''Megaloceros'' (from Greek: + , literally "Great Horn"; see also Lister (1987)) is an extinct genus of deer whose members lived throughout Eurasia from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene. The type and only undisputed member of the genus, '' Megaloceros giganteus'', vernacularly known as the "Irish elk" or "giant deer", is also the best known. Fallow deer are thought to be their closest living relatives. ''Megaloceros'' has been suggested to be closely related to other genera of "giant deer", like the East Asian genus '' Sinomegaceros,'' and the European '' Praemegaceros''. Nomenclatural history '' Megaloceros giganteus'' was originally described in 1799 as ''Alce gigantea'' by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach based on specimens found in Ireland. With ''Alce'' being a variant of the genus '' Alces'' used for elk/moose.''Blumenbach J. 1799. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte' (6th Ed.) 16: 697'' In 1827 Joshua Brookes, in a listing of his zoological collection, named the ''Mega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panthera Spelaea
''Panthera spelaea'', commonly known as the cave lion (or less commonly as the steppe lion), is an extinct ''Panthera'' species that was native to Eurasia and northwest North America during the Pleistocene epoch. Genetic analysis of ancient DNA has revealed that while closely related, it was a distinct species genetically isolated from the modern lion (''Panthera leo''), with the genetic divergence between the two species estimated at around 500,000 years ago. The earliest fossils of the ''P. spelaea'' lineage (either regarded as the separate species ''Panthera fossilis'' or the subspecies ''P. spelaea fossilis'') in Eurasia date to around 700,000 years ago (with possible late Early Pleistocene records). It is closely related and probably ancestral to the American lion (''Panthera atrox''). The species ranged from Western Europe to eastern Beringia in North America, and was a prominent member of the mammoth steppe fauna, and an important apex predator across its range along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wild Boar
The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread Suina, suiform. It has been assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats. It has become an invasive species in part of its introduced range. Wild boars probably originated in Southeast Asia during the Early Pleistocene and outcompeted other suid species as they spread throughout the Old World. , up to 16 subspecies are recognized, which are divided into four regional groupings based on skull height and lacrimal bone length. The species lives in matriarchal societies consisting of interrelated females and their young (both male and female). Fully grown males are usually s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros
The narrow-nosed rhinoceros (''Stephanorhinus hemitoechus''), also known as the steppe rhinoceros is an extinct species of rhinoceros belonging to the genus '' Stephanorhinus'' that lived in western Eurasia, including Europe, and West Asia, as well as North Africa during the Pleistocene. It first appeared in Europe around 500,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene and survived there until at least 34,000 years Before Present, possibly surviving as late as 15,500 years ago in the Middle East. On average around in weight, it was comparable in size to the living black rhinoceros. The species was native to temperate and Mediterranean environments, ranging from forest to grasslands, where it fed on low growing plants and to a lesser extent woody plants. It reached its maximum geographical extent during interglacial periods, when its range would extend at least as far north as Germany and northern England. It was one of the last species of ''Stephanorhinus'' alongside Merck's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bison
A bison (: bison) is a large bovine in the genus ''Bison'' (from Greek, meaning 'wild ox') within the tribe Bovini. Two extant taxon, extant and numerous extinction, extinct species are recognised. Of the two surviving species, the American bison, ''B. bison'', found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, ''B. b. bison'', and the generally more northern wood bison, ''B. b. athabascae''. A third subspecies, the eastern bison (''B. b. pennsylvanicus'') is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of ''B. b. bison''. Historical references to "woods bison" or "wood bison" from the Eastern United States refer to this synonym animal (and to their eastern woodland habitat), not to ''B. b. athabascae'', wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
