The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the ...

. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the

Capreolinae The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemeta ...

Classification and species

The following species are recognised in extant genera:Alvarez D. (2007) * Tribe

Muntiacini Muntiacini is a tribe of deer, containing two genera: * ''Elaphodus The tufted deer (''Elaphodus cephalophus'') is a small species of deer characterized by a prominent tuft of black hair on its forehead and fang-like canines for the males. I ...

** Genus ''

Elaphodus The tufted deer (''Elaphodus cephalophus'') is a small species of deer characterized by a prominent tuft of black hair on its forehead and fang-like canines for the males. It is a close relative of the muntjac, living somewhat further north over ...

'' *** Tufted deer (''E. cephalophus'') ** Genus '' Muntiacus'' *** Bornean yellow muntjac (''M. atherodes'') *** Hairy-fronted muntjac (''M. crinifrons'') *** Fea's muntjac (''M. feae'') ***

Gongshan muntjac The Gongshan muntjac (''Muntiacus gongshanensis'') is a species of muntjac (a type of deer) living in the Gongshan mountains in northwestern Yunnan, southeast Tibet, Northeast India (especially in Arunachal Pradesh) and northern Myanmar. Ongoi ...

(''M. gongshanensis'') ***

Indian muntjac The Indian muntjac or the common muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak''), also called the southern red muntjac and barking deer, is a deer species native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In popular local l ...

(''M. muntjak'') ***

Sumatran muntjac The Sumatran muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak montanus'') is a subspecies of Indian muntjac in the deer family which can be the size of a large dog. It was discovered in 1914, but had not been sighted since 1930 until one was snared and freed from a ...

(''M. montanum'') *** Pu Hoat muntjac (''M. puhoatensis'') *** Leaf muntjac (''M. putaoensis'') ***

Reeves's muntjac Reeves's muntjac (''Muntiacus reevesi''; ), also known as the Chinese muntjac, is a muntjac species found widely in southeastern China (from Gansu to Yunnan) and Taiwan. It has also been introduced in Europe, western United States and Japan. It ...

(''M. reevesi'') *** Roosevelt's muntjac (''M. rooseveltorum'') ***

Truong Son muntjac The Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (''Muntiacus truongsonensis'') is a species of muntjac deer. It is one of the smallest muntjac species, at about , half the size of the Indian muntjac (or common muntjac). It was discovered in the Truo ...

or Annamite muntjac (''M. truongsonensis'') *** Giant muntjac (''M. vuquangensis'') * Tribe

Cervini Cervini is a tribe of deer, containing seven extant genera and several extinct ones. The most recent common ancestor of Cervini is presumed to have three-pointed antlers Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the ...

("true" deer) ** Genus ''

Dama Dama or DAMA may refer to: Animals *Dama gazelle (''Nanger dama'') * ''Dama'' (genus) (fallow deer) **Fallow deer (''Dama dama'') **Persian fallow deer (''Dama mesopotamica'') *Tammar wallaby or Dama wallaby (''Macropus eugenii'') Business, scie ...

'' *** Common fallow deer (''D. dama'') *** Persian fallow deer (''D. mesopotamica'') ** Genus '' Axis'' ***

Chital The chital or cheetal (''Axis axis''; ), also known as the spotted deer, chital deer, and axis deer, is a deer species native to the Indian subcontinent. It was first described and given a binomial name by German naturalist Johann Christian Po ...

(''A. axis'') *** Calamian deer (''A. calamianensis'') *** Bawean deer (''A. kuhlii'') *** Indian hog deer (''A. porcinus'') ** Genus '' Rucervus'' *** Barasingha (''R. duvaucelii'') *** Eld's deer (''R. eldii'') *** † Schomburgk's deer (''R. schomburgki'') ** Genus ''

Elaphurus ''Elaphurus'' is a genus of deer. ''Père David's deer, E.davidianus'' is only extant species and several fossil species are described. Species Species are below.Wei Dong, Qi Wei, Weipeng Bai, Limin Zhang, Wenhui Liu, Zheying Chen, Yongbing Bai, ...

'' ***

Père David's deer The Père David's deer (''Elaphurus davidianus''), also known as the ''milu'' () or elaphure, is a species of deer native to the subtropical river valleys of China. It grazes mainly on grass and aquatic plants. It is the only extant member o ...

(''E. davidianus'') ** Genus '' Rusa'' *** Visayan spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer (''R. alfredi'') *** Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (''R. mariannus'') *** Javan rusa deer (''R. timorensis'') *** Sambar (''R. unicolor'') ** Genus ''

Cervus ''Cervus'' is a genus of deer that primarily are native to Eurasia, although one species occurs in northern Africa and another in North America. In addition to the species presently placed in this genus, it has included a whole range of other s ...

'' *** Thorold's deer (''C. albirostris'') *** Elk or American wapiti (''C. canadensis'') ***

Red deer The red deer (''Cervus elaphus'') is one of the largest deer species. A male red deer is called a stag or hart, and a female is called a hind. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Anatolia, Iran, and parts of wes ...

(''C. elaphus'') ***

Central Asian red deer The Central Asian red deer (''Cervus hanglu''), also known as the Tarim red deer is a deer species native to Central Asia, where it used to be widely distributed, but is scattered today with small population units in several countries. It has bee ...

(''C. hanglu'') ***

Sika deer The sika deer (''Cervus nippon''), also known as the Northern spotted deer or the Japanese deer, is a species of deer native to much of East Asia and introduced to other parts of the world. Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to ...

(''C. nippon'')

Extinct genera

*†''

Amphiprox ''Amphiprox'' is an extinct genus of early deer from the Miocene of Europe. Taxonomy ''Amphiprox anocerus'' was originally placed in the genus ''Cervus'', along with many other early deer. It was related to other primitive deer like ''Euprox '' ...

'' *†'' Candiacervus'' *†'' Cervavitus'' *†''

Croizetoceros ''Croizetoceros'' is an extinct genus of deer which lived throughout much of Europe, first appearing during the last stages of the Miocene and living until the Early Pleistocene. Taxonomy The type species, ''Croizetoceros ramosus'' was originall ...

'' *†''

Dicrocerus ''Dicrocerus elegans'' (Its name is Greek for "fork antler") is an extinct species of deer found in France, Europe (related species in Asia). ''Dicrocerus'' probably came from Asia, from the region where true deer are believed to have originated ...

'' *†'' Eucladoceros'' *†'' Euprox'' *†''

Haploidoceros ''Haploidoceros'' is an extinct genus of deer that lived in Europe during the Pleistocene. It contains a single species, ''Haploidoceros mediterraneus''. Fossils have been found mainly in France, as well as the Iberian peninsula. Taxonomy ''Hap ...

'' *†''

Heteroprox ''Heteroprox'' is an extinct genus of deer from the Miocene of Europe. Description ''Heteroprox'' was a mid-sized deer that would have been similar in appearance to a muntjac Muntjacs ( ), also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, ( ...

'' *†'' Megaceroides'' *†''

Megaloceros ''Megaloceros'' (from Greek: + , literally "Great Horn"; see also Lister (1987)) is an extinct genus of deer whose members lived throughout Eurasia from the early Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene and were important herbivores duri ...

'' *†'' Praemegaceros'' *†'' Pseudodama'' *†'' Sinomegaceros''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q122431 Deer Taxa named by Georg August Goldfuss Mammal subfamilies