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Cavari
The Cavarī or Cavarēs (Gaulish: *''Cauaroi'', 'the heroes, champions, mighty men') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of modern Vaucluse, around the present-day cities of Avignon, Orange and Cavaillon, during the Roman period. They were at the head of a confederation of tribes that included the Tricastini, Segovellauni and Memini, and whose territory stretched further north along the Rhône Valley up to the Isère river. Name They are mentioned as ''Kaouárōn'' (Καουάρων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Cavarum'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Cavarum'' and ''Cavaras'' by Pomponius Mela (mid-1st c. AD), ''Kaúaroi'' (Καύαροι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Cavares'' on the ''Tabula Peutingeriana'' (5th c. AD). The ethnonym ''Cavarī'' is a latinized form of Gaulish *''Cauaroi'' (sing. *''Cauaros''), meaning 'the heroes', or 'the mighty men'. It derives from the Celtic stem ''*kawaro-'', meaning 'hero, champion' (cf. Old Irish ''cuar'' 'hero, cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segovellauni
The Segovellauni (Gaulish: ''*Segouellaunoi'', 'chiefs-of-victory') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Drôme department, near the present-day city of Valence, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Little is known about the early history of the Segovellauni. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of Gallia Transalpina by the Roman Republic. In 62 BC, their oppidum Ventia was destroyed by the Roman legate Manlius Lentinus during the revolt of the Allobroges. By the 1st century AD, the Segovellauni were part of the Cavarian confederation. Name They are mentioned as ''Sengalaunoì'' (Σεγγαλαυνοὶ; var. σεταλλανοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). A ''regio segovellaunorum'' is also attested by Pliny (1st c. AD). The ethnonym ''Segovellauni'' is a latinized form of Gaulish *''Segouellaunoi'' (sing. ''*Segouellaunos''), which literally means 'chiefs-of-victory'. It stems from the root ''sego-'' ('victory, strength') attached to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricastini
The Tricastini were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Tricastin region, near present-day Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Tricastini were probably one of the most ancient Celtic tribes of Gaul. They are first mentioned in Livy's legendary narration of Bellovesus' expedition from Gaul into Italy, then in his historical account of Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC, when the Tricastini let the Carthaginian troops move across their land. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of Gallia Transalpina by the Roman Republic. By the 1st century AD, the Tricastini were part of the Cavarian confederation. Name Attestations They are mentioned as ''Tricastinos'' by Livy (late 1st century BC),. ''Ab Urbe Condita Libri''5:34 and as ''Trikastínoi'' (Τ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salyes
The Salyes or Salluvii (Greek: ) were an ancient Celto-Ligurian people dwelling between the Durance river and the Greek colony of Massalia during the Iron Age. Although earlier writers called them 'Ligurian', Strabo used the denomination 'Celto-ligurian', and a Celtic influence is noticeable in their religion, which centred on the cult of the ''tête coupée'' ('severed head'). In fact, the Salyes were most likely at the head of a political and military confederation that united both Gallic and Ligurian tribes. During most of the early history, the Salyes were in conflict with the neighbouring Greek inhabitants of Massalia, and later on with their ally the Roman Republic, until the consul Gaius Sextius Calvinus sacked their hill-fort Entremont ca. 122 BC. Revolts against the Roman conquerors were crushed in 90 and 83 BC. Name They are mentioned as ''Sallyas'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Salluvii'' and ''Saluum'' (var. ''Saluium'', ''Salluuiorum'') by Livy (late 1st c. BC), '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatilii
The Anatilii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Alpilles region during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Anatiliorum'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:34, 3:36., s.v. ''Anatilii''. Their name may be related to Gaulish ''anatia'', meaning 'souls'. Geography Pliny mentions a ''regio Anatiliorum'' situated between the ''Campi lapidei'' (the Crau) and the territories of Dexivates (between the Durance and Luberon) and Cavari (around present-day Avignon and Cavaillon). Their territory was located north of Libicii and Avatici, east of the Volcae Arecomici. According to historian Guy Barruol, they were part of the Saluvian confederation. An oppidum with Latin Rights Latin rights (also Latin citizenship, Latin: ''ius Latii'' or ''ius latinum'') were a set of legal rights that were originally granted to the Latins (Latin: "Latini", the People of Latium, the land of the Latins) under Roman law in their origin ... given by Pliny as ''Anatilia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabula Peutingeriana
' (Latin for "The Peutinger Map"), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated ' (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the '' cursus publicus'', the road network of the Roman Empire. The map is a 13th-century parchment copy of a possible Roman original. It covers Europe (without the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles), North Africa, and parts of Asia, including the Middle East, Persia, and India. According to one hypothesis, the existing map is based on a document of the 4th or 5th century that contained a copy of the world map originally prepared by Agrippa during the reign of the emperor Augustus (27 BC – AD 14). However, Emily Albu has suggested that the existing map could instead be based on an original from the Carolingian period. The map was likely stolen by the renowned humanist Conrad Celtes, who bequeathed it to his friend, the economist and archaeologist Konrad Peutinger, who gave it to Emperor Maximilian I, as part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcae Arecomici
The Arecomici or Volcae Arecomici were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the Rhône and the Hérault rivers, around present-day Nîmes, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name The meaning of the ethnonym ''Arecomici'' remains unclear. The Gaulish prefix ''are-'' means 'in front of, in the vicinity of', but the translation of the second element, -''comici'', is unknown. The name ''Volcae'' stems from Gaulish ''uolcos'' ('hawk'). Geography Their chief town Nemausus was inhabited since the Bronze Age; its original name was possibly forgotten after the takeover of the settlement by the Celtic Volcae. Another settlement was known as Vindomagus ('white market'). History The Arecomici were probably first officially recognized or defined by Rome as a political entity around 75 BC. According to anthropologist Michael Dietler, the Roman colonization of the region, which led to the organization of Nemausus as a ''colonia Latina'' in the late 1st century AD, "resulted in the ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dexivates
The Dexivates (Gaulish: ''Dexiuates'') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the southern part of modern Vaucluse, near the present-day village of Cadenet, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name The tribe is attested as ''Dexivatium'' (var. ''dexuia''-) by Pliny in the 1st century AD. The Gaulish ethnonym ''Dexiuates'' derives from the stem ''deksiu(o)-'' ('on the right, in the south, favourable'). A local goddess is also attested as ''Dexiua (Dea)'' or ''Dexsiua''. The name ''Dexivates'' thus either means 'those who live in the south' (i.e. 'the Southerners'), or 'those of the goddess Dexiua' (i.e. 'Worshippers of Dexiua'), whose name could be translated as 'she who is on the right / in the south', whence 'the Favourable'. Geography The territory of the Dexivates was located in the Durance valley, south of the Luberon massif, in what is today known as the . They dwelled north of the Salyes and Anatilii, east of the Cavares, south of the Vocontii and Albici, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vocontii
The Vocontii (Gaulish: *''Uocontioi''; Greek: Οὐοκόντιοι, Οὐοκοντίων) were a Gallic people dwelling on the western foothills of the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Vocontii settled in the region in the 3rd century BC at the latest. Pompeius Trogus, a Gallo-Roman historian and citizen of Vasio during the 1st century BC, was a member of the Vocontii. During the Roman period, they were probably at the head of a confederation that included the Sogiontii, Avantici, Sebaginni and Vertamocorii. Name They are mentioned as ''Vocontiorum'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), Livy (late 1st c. BC), Pliny (1st c. AD) and Pomponius Mela (mid-1st c. AD), as ''Ouokóntioi'' (Οὐοκόντιοι) and ''Ouokontíōn'' (Οὐοκοντίων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Ou̓okóntioi'' (Οὐοκόντιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Bocontii'' on the ''Tabula Peutingeriana''. The ethnonym ''Vocontī'' is a latinized form of Gaulish *''Uocontioi'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricastin
The Tricastin is a natural and historic region in the southern Rhône valley of southeastern France comprising the southwestern portion of the Drôme department and the northwestern portion of Vaucluse and centered on the modern town of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux. The region is the cradle of the ancient Tricastini tribe, whose capital was Augusta Tricastinorum under Augustus's reign, now Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux. The name ''Tricastini'', which for a long time was interpreted as meaning "the land of the Three Castles" in reality derives its name from the Gallic tribe the ' Tricastini', which occupied the territory during the Roman period. Nowadays, the Tricastin region is known as the site of the Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant situated on the Donzère-Mondragon canal, a tributary of the Rhône, for its Rhône valley AOC wine grape Grignan-Les Adhemar, and for its natural and architectural endowment. History The Tricastini were an ancient Gallic tribe that gave its name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durance
The Durance (; ''Durença'' in the Occitan classical norm or ''Durènço'' in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is long. Its drainage basin is .Bassin versant : Durance (La) Observatoire Régional Eau et Milieux Aquatiques en PACA Its source is in the southwestern part of the , in the Montgenèvre ski resort near Briançon; it flows southwest through the following |
Breton Language
Breton (, ; or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family spoken in Brittany, part of modern-day France. It is the only Celtic language still widely in use on the European mainland, albeit as a member of the insular branch instead of the continental grouping. Breton was brought from Great Britain to Armorica (the ancient name for the coastal region that includes the Brittany peninsula) by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages, making it an Insular Celtic language. Breton is most closely related to Cornish, another Southwestern Brittonic language. Welsh and the extinct Cumbric, both Western Brittonic languages, are more distantly related. Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, Breton is classified as "severely endangered" by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''. However, the number of children attending bilingual classes rose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
