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Casuariformes
The Casuariiformes is an order of large flightless birds that has four surviving members: the three species of cassowary, and the only remaining species of emu. They are divided into either a single family, Casuariidae, or more typically two, with the emu splitting off into its own family, Dromaiidae. All four living members are native to Australia-New Guinea,Clements, J (2007) but some possible extinct taxa occurred in other landmasses. Systematics and evolution The emus form a distinct family, characterized by legs adapted for running. The total number of cassowary species described, based on minor differences in casque shape and color variations, formerly reached nine. Now, however, only three species are recognized, and most authorities only acknowledge few subspecies or none at all. The fossil record of casuariforms is interesting, but not very extensive. Regarding fossil species of '' Dromaius'' and '' Casuarius'', see their genus pages. As with all ratites, there are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emu Portrait
The emu () (''Dromaius novaehollandiae'') is the second-tallest living bird after its ratite relative the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of the genus ''Dromaius''. The emu's range covers most of mainland Australia, but the Tasmanian, Kangaroo Island and King Island subspecies became extinct after the European settlement of Australia in 1788. Emus are soft-feathered, brown, flightless birds with long necks and legs, and can reach up to in height. Emus can travel great distances, and when necessary can sprint at ; they forage for a variety of plants and insects, but have been known to go for weeks without eating. They drink infrequently, but take in copious amounts of water when the opportunity arises. Breeding takes place in May and June, and fighting among females for a mate is common. Females can mate several times and lay several clutches of eggs in one season. The male does the incubation; during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratite
A ratite () is any of a diverse group of flightless, large, long-necked, and long-legged birds of the infraclass Palaeognathae. Kiwi, the exception, are much smaller and shorter-legged and are the only nocturnal extant ratites. The systematics of and relationships within the paleognath clade have been in flux. Previously, all the flightless members had been assigned to the order Struthioniformes, which is more recently regarded as containing only the ostrich. The modern bird superorder Palaeognathae consists of ratites and the flighted Neotropic tinamous (compare to Neognathae). Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum — hence the name, from the Latin ''ratis'' ( raft, a vessel which has no keel - in contradistinction to extant flighted birds with a keel). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not have flown even if they developed suitable wings. Ratites are a paraphyletic group; tinamous fall within them, and are the sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheidae
Rheidae is a family of flightless ratite birds which first appeared in the Paleocene. It is today represented by the sole living genus '' Rhea'', but also contains several extinct genera. Taxonomy Order Rheiformes (Forbes, 1884) Furbringer, 1888 heimorphae Bonaparte, 1849; Rheae Forbes 1884ref name="mikko"> * Family † Opisthodactylidae Ameghino 1895 ** Genus ?†''Diogenornis'' de Alvarenga 1983 (Late Paleocene) – possibly a member of Casuariiformes The Casuariiformes is an order of large flightless birds that has four surviving members: the three species of cassowary, and the only remaining species of emu. They are divided into either a single family, Casuariidae, or more typically two, w ... instead. ** Genus †'' Opisthodactylus'' Ameghino 1895 (Miocene) – rheid? * Family Rheidae (Bonaparte 1849) Bonaparte, 1853 ** Genus †'' Heterorhea'' Rovereto 1914 (Pliocene) ** Genus †'' Hinasuri'' Tambussi 1995 ** Genus '' Rhea'' Brisson 1760 References {{Tax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhea (bird)
The rheas ( ), also known as ñandus ( ) or South American ostriches, are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order Rheiformes, native to South America, distantly related to the ostrich and emu. Most taxonomic authorities recognize two extant species: the greater or American rhea (''Rhea americana''), and the lesser or Darwin's rhea (''Rhea pennata''). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the puna rhea as another species instead of a subspecies of the lesser rhea. The IUCN currently rates the greater and puna rheas as near-threatened in their native ranges, while Darwin's rhea is of least concern. In addition, a feral population of the greater rhea in Germany appears to be growing, though control efforts are underway, and seem to be succeeding in controlling the birds' population growth. Etymology The name "rhea" was used in 1752 by Paul Möhring and adopted as the English common name. Möhring named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cela (bird)
Cela may refer to: People * Cela (surname), a Spanish-Galician surname * Çela, an Albanian surname * Ćela, nickname of Stevan Nedić (1875–1923), Serbian Chetnik commander in Old Serbia and Macedonia Placenames and jurisdictions Spain * Balsa de Cela, a natural thermal spring in Lúcar, Almería * Cela, Cambre, a parish in A Coruña * Cela, León, a locality in León * Cela, O Corgo, a parish in Lugo * Cela, Outeiro de Rei, a parish in Lugo Portugal * Cela, Alcobaça, a parish in the Leiria district * Cela, Chaves, a parish in the municipality of Chaves Other * Cela, Angola, a municipality in the Cuanza-Sul province * Cella Dati, known as Céla in the Cremunés dialect, a municipality in Cremona, Italy * Coela, also known as Cela, a Roman city and diocese, now a Latin Catholic titular see * Ekinözü, known as Cela in Kurdish, a town and district in Turkey Biology * CELA1, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA1 gene * CELA2A, an enzyme that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emuarius Guljaruba
''Emuarius'' is an extinct genus of casuariiform flightless bird from Australia that lived during the early Miocene and late Oligocene. It is one of two known genera of emu. There are two known species in the genus, ''Emuarius gidju'' and ''Emuarius guljaruba''. The birds in this genus are known as emuwaries. This name comes from a combination of emu and cassowary. This is due to its cassowary-like skull and femur and emu-like lower leg and foot. Because of these similarities it is phylogenetically In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... placed between cassowaries and emus. References * * Miocene birds Oligocene birds of Australia Extinct flightless birds Riversleigh fauna Miocene birds of Australia Casuariidae Fossil taxa described in 1992 {{p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emuarius Gidju
''Emuarius'' is an extinct genus of casuariiform flightless bird from Australia that lived during the early Miocene and late Oligocene. It is one of two known genera of emu. There are two known species in the genus, ''Emuarius gidju'' and ''Emuarius guljaruba''. The birds in this genus are known as emuwaries. This name comes from a combination of emu and cassowary. This is due to its cassowary-like skull and femur and emu-like lower leg and foot. Because of these similarities it is phylogenetically In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... placed between cassowaries and emus. References * * Miocene birds Oligocene birds of Australia Extinct flightless birds Riversleigh fauna Miocene birds of Australia Casuariidae Fossil taxa described in 1992 {{p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emuarius
''Emuarius'' is an extinct genus of casuariiform flightless bird from Australia that lived during the early Miocene and late Oligocene. It is one of two known genera of emu. There are two known species in the genus, ''Emuarius gidju'' and ''Emuarius guljaruba''. The birds in this genus are known as emuwaries. This name comes from a combination of emu and cassowary. This is due to its cassowary-like skull and femur and emu-like lower leg and foot. Because of these similarities it is phylogenetically In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... placed between cassowaries and emus. References * * Miocene birds Oligocene birds of Australia Extinct flightless birds Riversleigh fauna Miocene birds of Australia Casuariidae Fossil taxa described in 1992 {{pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diogenornis Fragilis
''Diogenornis'' is an extinct genus of ratites, that lived during the Early Eocene (Itaboraian to Casamayoran in the SALMA classification).''Diogenornis'' at .org It was described in 1983 by Brazilian scientist Herculano Marcos Ferraz de Alvarenga based on fossils found in the in southeastern Brazil.Alvarenga, H.M.F. (1983) Uma ave ratitae do Paleoceno Brasileiro: bacia calcária de Itaboraí, Estado do Rio de Jan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states and the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers roughly half of the continent's land area. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the la, label= Late Latin, tectonicus, from the grc, τεκτονικός, lit=pertaining to building) is the generally accepted scientific theory that considers the Earth's lithosphere to comprise a number of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of ''continental drift'', an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be generally accepted by geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid to late 1960s. Earth's lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of the planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary: '' convergent'', '' divergent'', or '' transform''. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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