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Cooper (profession)
A cooper is a craftsman who produces wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs, and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable. Journeymen coopers also traditionally made wooden implements, such as rakes and wooden-bladed shovels. In addition to wood, other materials, such as iron, were used in the manufacturing process. The trade is the origin of the surname Cooper. Etymology The word "cooper" is derived from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''kūper'' 'cooper' from ''kūpe'' 'cask', in turn from Latin ''cupa'' 'tun, barrel'. The word was adopted in England as an occupational surname, Cooper. The art and skill of ''coopering'' refers to the manufacture of wooden casks, or barrels. The facility in which casks are made is referred to as a cooperage. History Traditionally, a cooper is someone who makes wooden, staved vessels, held together with wooden or metal hoops and possessing flat ends or he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cask
A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a keg. Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol. They are also employed to hold maturing beverages such as wine, cognac, armagnac, sherry, port, whiskey, beer, arrack, and sake. Other commodities once stored in wooden casks include gunpowder, meat, fish, paint, honey, nails, and tallow. Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of English oak (''Quercus robur''), white oak (''Quercus petraea''), American white oak (''Quercus alba''), more exotic is mizunara oak ('' Quercus crispula''), and recently Oregon oak ('' Quercus garryana'') has been used. Someone who makes traditional wooden barrels is called a coope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesy-Ra
Hesire (also read Hesy-Re and Hesy-Ra) was an ancient Egyptian high official during the early Third Dynasty of Egypt. His most notable title was ''Wer-ibeḥsenjw'', meaning either "Great one of the ivory cutters" or "Great one of the dentists", which makes him the earliest named dentist. His tomb is noted for its paintings and cedar wood panels. Identity Thanks to several clay seal impressions found in Hesire's tomb, it is today known that this high official lived and worked during the reign of king (pharaoh) Djoser and maybe also under king Sekhemkhet. Hesire's name is of some interest to Egyptologists and historians alike, because it is linked to the sun god Ra. Hesy-Ra, alongside a few high officials at this time, belongs to the first high officials who were allowed to link their names to Ra. However, they were not allowed to use the sun disk hieroglyph to write Ra's name. This was permitted to the king only.Wolfgang Helck: ''Geschichte des alten Ägypten'' (= ''Handbuch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooper (surname)
Hooper (or Hoopes) is a surname originating in England. It is derived from the archaic term '' hooper'', meaning the man who fitted the wooden or metal hoops around the barrels or buckets that the cooper (barrel-maker) had made, essentially an assistant to the cooper. Hoopes is a variant of the name, with the same origin. Hooper People * Austin Hooper (born 1994), American football player * Ben W. Hooper (1870–1957), governor of Tennessee 1911–1915 * Carl Hooper (born 1966), West Indian cricket player * Charmaine Hooper (born 1968), Canadian soccer player * Chloe Hooper (born 1973), Australian author * Chris Hooper (musician), Canadian musician with the Grapes of Wrath * Chris Hooper (basketball) (born 1991), American basketball player * Claire Hooper (born 1976), Australian stand-up comedian, television and radio presenter and writer * Claire Hooper (artist) (born 1978), British artist * Craig Hooper (born 1959), Australian musician *Daniel Hooper aka Swampy (environment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooper
''Hooper'' may refer to: Place names in the United States: * Hooper, Colorado, town in Alamosa County, Colorado * Hooper, Georgia, an unincorporated community * Hooper, Nebraska, town in Dodge County, Nebraska * Hooper, Utah, place in Weber County, Utah * Hooper Bay, Alaska, town in Alaska * Hooper Township, Dodge County, Nebraska Other: * ''Hooper'' (film), 1978 comedy film starring Burt Reynolds * Hooper (mascot), the mascot for the National Basketball Association team, Detroit Pistons * Hooper (coachbuilder), a British coachbuilder fitting bodies to many Rolls-Royce and Daimler cars * USS ''Hooper'' (DE-1026), a destroyer escort in the US Navy * Hooper Ratings, an early audience measurement in early radio and television * Hooper, someone who practices dance form of Hooping * Hooper, an archaic English term for a person who aided a cooper in the building of barrels People with the surname Hooper: * Hooper (surname) See also * Hooper X, a character in Kevin Smith's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butt (unit)
The butt is an English measure of liquid volume equalling two hogsheads, being between by various definitions. Equivalents A butt approximately equated to for ale or for wine (also known as a ''pipe''), although the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' notes that "these standards were not always precisely adhered to". The butt is one in a series of English wine cask units Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until t ..., being half of a '' tun''. See also * English wine cask units § Pipe or butt References Units of volume {{measurement-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tun (unit)
The tun (, , ) is an English unit of ''liquid volume'' (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. The modern tun is about 954 litres. The word ''tun'' is etymologically related to the word ''ton'' for the unit of mass, the mass of a tun of wine being approximately one long ton, which is . The spellings "tun" and "ton" were sometimes used interchangeably.For an example of "tun" meaning the avoirdupois ton of mass: History Originally, the tun was defined as 256 wine gallons; this is the basis for the name of the quarter of 64 corn gallons. At some time before the 15th century, it was reduced to 252 wine gallons, so as to be evenly divisible by other small integers, including seven.252 = In one Early Modern English example from 1507, a tun is defined as 240 gallons. With the adoption of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puncheon (unit)
The puncheon was a British unit for beer, wines and spirits. It was also an American unit of capacity for wine. Definition Historically, the puncheon has been defined somewhere between . US unit of capacity for wine The US puncheon for wine is defined as . Conversion *1 puncheon = 70-120 gallons *1 puncheon = 0.318-0.546 m3 or 318 to 546 litres. US unit of capacity for wine *1 puncheon = 4/3 Hogshead *1 puncheon = 84 gallons *1 puncheon = 0.317974589856 m3 or about 318 litres. See also *English wine cask units Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until t ... References {{Reflist Units of volume Customary units of measurement Wine terminology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rundlet
The rundlet is an archaic unit-like size of wine casks once used in Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas .... It was equivalent to about 68 litres. It used to be defined as 18 ''wine gallons''—one of several gallons then in use—before the adoption of the imperial system in 1824, afterwards it was 15 ''imperial gallons'', which became the universal English base unit of volume in the British realm. References Units of volume Wine terminology British wine {{wine-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tierce (unit)
The tierce (also ''terse'') is both an archaic volume unit of measure of goods and the name of the Barrel, cask of that size. The most common definitions are either one-third of a English wine cask units#Units, pipe or forty-two gallons. In the petroleum industry - a barrel of oil is defined as 42 US gallons. Use The casks were roughly 20.5 inches across and were built to hold either liquids (wet cooperage) or dry goods (dry cooperage). Contents ranged from sugar to rum to salted beef and fish. History The Oxford English Dictionary lists the first use of the term in this sense as occurring in 1531. In 1630, Ben Jonson, then the Poet Laureate of England, petitioned that the salary of the position be raised. His wish was granted, and in addition he and his successors received a tierce of wine from the Canary Islands, a tradition that continued until Henry James Pye became Laureate in 1790. As opposed to several other units of measure such as the pipe, cark and frail, the definiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
