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Austrochilidae Spiderweb
Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. '' Austrochilus'' and '' Thaida'' are endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy , two genera are placed in the family Austrochilidae: '' Austrochilus'' and '' Thaida'', found in Chile and Argentina. The taxonomic placement of these genera has varied. In 1968, Lehtinen synonymized ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' under the latter name, placing the genus in a family he called "Thaididae". However, the family name "Thaididae" is preoccupied, being first used for a family of gastropods in 1887. A single family was accepted by Forster ''et al''. in 1987, under the name "Austrochilidae". Molecular phylogenetic studies agree in placing the two genera as basal members of the Araneomorphae, although the precise details and the family placement are not yet agreed. Phylogeny One hypothesis for the phylogeny of the genera placed in the family is shown below (Austrochilid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaida Chepu
''Thaida chepu'' is a species of spider in the family Austrochilidae Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' are endemic (ecology), endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy , two genus, genera are p ..., found in Chile. References Austrochilidae Spiders of South America Spiders described in 1987 Endemic fauna of Chile {{Austrochilidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), where they point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 93%) of living spiders. Distinguishing characteristics Most spider species are Araneomorphae, which have chelicerae, fangs that face towards each other, increasing the orientations that they can employ during prey-capture. They have fewer book lungs (when present) – usually one pair – and the females typically live one year. The Mygalomorphae have chelicerae, fangs that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have two pairs of book lungs, and the females often live many years. Image:Cheiracanthium pun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiders Of Australia
Australia has a number of highly venomous spiders, including the Sydney funnel-web spider, its relatives in the family Hexathelidae, and the redback spider, whose bites can be extremely painful and have historically been linked with deaths in medical records. Most Australian spiders do not have venom that is considered to be dangerously toxic. No deaths caused by spider bites in Australia have been substantiated by a coronial inquest since 1979. There are sensationalised news reports regarding Australian spiders that fail to cite evidence. ''A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia'' published by CSIRO Publishing in 2017 featuring around 836 species illustrated with photographs of live animals, around 381 genera and 78 families, introduced significant updates to taxonomy from Ramirez, Wheeler and Dmitrov. Estimates put the total number of Australian spider species at about 10,000. Only around 3,600 have been described. Little information is known about many undiscovered species. New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrochilidae
Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' are endemic (ecology), endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy , two genus, genera are placed in the family Austrochilidae: ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'', found in Chile and Argentina. The taxonomic placement of these genera has varied. In 1968, Lehtinen synonym (taxonomy), synonymized ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' under the latter name, placing the genus in a family he called "Thaididae". However, the family name "Thaididae" is preoccupied, being first used for a family of Gastropoda, gastropods in 1887. A single family was accepted by Forster ''et al''. in 1987, under the name "Austrochilidae". Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular phylogenetic studies agree in placing the two genera as basal members of the Araneomorphae, although the precise details and the family placement are not yet agreed. Phylogeny One hypothesis for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of web pages in 2000, created by Norman I. Platnick of the American Museum of Natural History. After his retirement in 2014, the Natural History Museum of Bern took over, converting the catalog to a relational database A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured for .... As of November 22, 2024, 52'487 species are listed, after an average discovery rate of three new species per day. The order Araneae has the seventh-most species of all orders. The WSC's existence makes spiders the largest taxon with an online listing that is updated regular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoneta
''Leptoneta'' is a genus of leptonetids that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1872. Species it contains 50 species: *'' L. abeillei'' Simon, 1882 – Spain, France *'' L. albera'' Simon, 1882 – France *'' L. alpica'' Simon, 1882 – France *'' L. berlandi'' Machado & Ribera, 1986 – Portugal *'' L. cavalairensis'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. chilbosanensis'' Kim, Yoo & Lee, 2016 — Korea *'' L. ciaisensis'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. comasi'' Ribera, 1978 – Spain *'' L. condei'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. conimbricensis'' Machado & Ribera, 1986 – Portugal *'' L. convexa'' Simon, 1872 (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...) – France **'' Leptoneta c. aulotensis'' Dresco, 1990 – France *'' L. cornea'' Tong & Li, 2008 – China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gradungulidae
Gradungulidae, also known as large-clawed spiders, is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae. Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground. '' Hickmania'', ''Progradungula'' (a large spider with long legs like ''Hickmania'',), and ''Macrogradungula'' are the only cribellate genera of the family. Species '' Gradungula'' Gertsch, 1958 * '' Gradungula sorenseni'' Forster, 1955 — New Zealand '' Hickmania'' Forster, 1955 * '' Hickmania troglodytes'' (Higgins & Petterd, 1883) — Tasmania '' Kaiya'' Gray, 1987 * '' Kaiya bemboka'' Gray, 1987 — New South Wales * '' Kaiya brindabella'' (Moran, 1985) — Australian Capital Territory * '' Kaiya parnabyi'' Gray, 1987 — Victoria * '' Kaiya terama'' Gray, 1987 (type spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archoleptoneta
''Archoleptoneta'' is a genus of North American spiders that was first described by Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker in 1974. it contains only two species, both found in the United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...: '' A. gertschi'' and '' A. schusteri''. References Araneomorphae genera Araneomorphae Spiders of the United States {{Araneomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synspermiata
Synspermiata is a clade of araneomorph spiders, comprising most of the former " haplogynes". They are united by having simpler genitalia than other araneomorph spiders, lacking a cribellum, and sharing an evolutionary history of synspermia – a particular way in which spermatozoa are grouped together when transferred to the female. Synspermia Spermatozoa are produced in a multi-step process. A primary spermatocyte with the full diploid number of chromosomes divides to form two secondary spermatocytes which are haploid, i.e., each has half the diploid number of chromosomes. Each secondary spermatocyte then divides to produce two spermatids which undergo further development to form spermatozoa. In synspermia, two or more spermatids from the same spermatocyte fuse together and are enclosed in an envelope, forming a "capsule". This contrasts with cleistospermia, where the capsules enclose individual spermatozoa. After transfer to the female in either form, decapsulation and activa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filistatidae
Crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) comprise cribellate spiders with features that have been regarded as " primitive" for araneomorph spiders. They are weavers of funnel or tube webs. The family contains 18 genera and more than 120 described species worldwide. One of the most abundant members of this family in the Americas is the southern house spider (''Kukulcania hibernalis''). Named after the fierce Meso-American god Kukulkan, the females are large (up to nearly 20 mm) dark-colored spiders and males are light brown, smaller (about 10 mm), but more long-legged and with palps that are held together in front of their carapaces like the horn of a unicorn. The males also have a darker streak on the center of the dorsal carapace that causes them to be often mistaken for brown recluse spiders. The tiny members of the genus ''Filistatinella'' are like miniature versions of ''Kukulcania''. The nominate genus ''Filistata'' is Afro-Eurasian in distribution. In many older b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypochilidae
Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genus, genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, most hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian Mountains, Appalachian, Rocky Mountains, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus ''Hypochilus''. The genus ''Ectatosticta'' is found in China. In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the Araneomorphae (Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Lung
A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas-exchange that is present in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders. Each of these organs is located inside an open, ventral-abdominal, air-filled cavity (atrium) and connects with its surroundings through a small opening for the purpose of respiration. Structure and function Book lungs are not related to the lungs of modern land-dwelling vertebrates. Their name instead describes their structure and purpose as a case of convergent evolution. Stacks of alternating air pockets and tissue filled with hemolymph give them an appearance similar to a "folded" book. Their number varies from just one pair in most spiders to four pairs in scorpions. The unfolded "pages" (plates) of the book lung are filled with hemolymph. The folds maximize the surface exposed to air, and thereby maximize the amount of gas exchanged with the environment. In most species, no motion of the plates is needed to facilitate this ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
