Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of

araneomorph The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their ...

spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s. There are two

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and twelve

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

currently recognized. Like

mygalomorph The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to t ...

s, most hypochilids have two pairs of

book lungs A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange that is present in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders. Each of these organs is located inside an open ventral abdominal, air-filled cavity (atrium) and conn ...

, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian,

Rocky ''Rocky'' is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and written by and starring Sylvester Stallone. It is the first installment in the ''Rocky'' franchise and stars Talia Shire, Burt Young, Carl Weathers, and Burges ...

and

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus ''Hypochilus''. The genus ''Ectatosticta'' is found in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

. In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...

to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the

Araneomorphae The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their ...

(Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplogynae. , p. 1766.

Species

'' Ectatosticta'' Simon, 1892 – China * '' Ectatosticta davidi'' (Simon, 1889) * '' Ectatosticta deltshevi'' Platnick & Jäger, 2009 '' Hypochilus'' Marx, 1888 – US * '' Hypochilus bernardino'' Catley, 1994 * '' Hypochilus bonneti'' Gertsch, 1964 * '' Hypochilus coylei'' Platnick, 1987 * '' Hypochilus gertschi'' Hoffman, 1963 * '' Hypochilus jemez'' Catley, 1994 * '' Hypochilus kastoni'' Platnick, 1987 * '' Hypochilus petrunkevitchi'' Gertsch, 1958 * '' Hypochilus pococki'' Platnick, 1987 * '' Hypochilus sheari'' Platnick, 1987 * '' Hypochilus thorelli'' Marx, 1888

References

* *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lampshade Spider Cave spiders Hypochilidae Spiders of North America Spiders of China

Species

See also

References

Further reading

External links