|
Apple T2
The Apple T2 (Apple's internal name is T8012) security chip is a system on a chip (SoC) tasked with providing security and controller features to Apple's Intel based Macintosh computers. It is a 64-bit ARMv8 chip and runs bridgeOS. T2 has its own RAM and is essentially a special embedded controller of its own, running in parallel to and responding to requests by the main computer that the user interacts with. Design The main application processor in T2 is a variant of the Apple A10, which is a 64-bit ARMv8.1-A based CPU. It is manufactured by TSMC on their 16 nm process, just as the A10. Analysis of the die reveals a nearly identical CPU macro as the A10 which reveals a four core design for its main application processor, with two large high performance cores, "Hurricane", and two smaller efficiency cores, "Zephyr". Analysis also reveals the same amount of RAM controllers, but a much reduced GPU facility; three blocks, only a quarter the size compared to A10. The die me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14 Nm Process
The "14 nanometer process" refers to a marketing term for the MOSFET technology node that is the successor to the "22nm" (or "20nm") node. The "14nm" was so named by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Until about 2011, the node following "22nm" was expected to be "16nm". All "14nm" nodes use FinFET (fin field-effect transistor) technology, a type of multi-gate MOSFET technology that is a non-planar evolution of planar silicon CMOS technology. Since at least 1997, "process nodes" have been named purely on a marketing basis, and have no relation to the dimensions on the integrated circuit; neither gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch on a "14nm" device is fourteen nanometers. For example, TSMC and Samsung's "10 nm" processes are somewhere between Intel's "14 nm" and "10 nm" processes in transistor density, and TSMC's " 7 nm" processes are dimensionally similar to Intel's "10 nm" process. Samsung Electronics taped out a "14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Package On A Package
Package on a package (PoP) is an integrated circuit packaging method to vertically combine ball grid array (BGA) packages for discrete logic and memory. Two or more packages are installed atop each other, i.e. stacked, with a standard interface to route signals between them. PoP allows higher component density in devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), and digital cameras, at the cost of being slightly taller. Stacks with more than 2 packages are uncommon, due to heat dissipation considerations. Configuration Two widely used configurations exist for PoP: * Pure memory stacking: two or more memory only packages are stacked on each other * Mixed logic-memory stacking: logic (CPU) package on the bottom, memory package on top. For example, the bottom could be a system on a chip (SoC) for a mobile phone. The logic package is on the bottom because it needs many more BGA connections to the motherboard. During PCB assembly, the bottom package of a PoP stack is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RSA (cryptosystem)
The RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) cryptosystem is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission. The initialism "RSA" comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977. An equivalent system was developed secretly in 1973 at Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the British signals intelligence agency, by the English mathematician Clifford Cocks. That system was declassified in 1997. In a public-key cryptosystem, the encryption key is public and distinct from the decryption key, which is kept secret (private). An RSA user creates and publishes a public key based on two large prime numbers, along with an auxiliary value. The prime numbers are kept secret. Messages can be encrypted by anyone via the public key, but can only be decrypted by someone who knows the private key. The security of RSA relies on the practical difficulty of factoring the product o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Random Number Generation
Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance. This means that the particular outcome sequence will contain some patterns detectable in hindsight but impossible to foresee. True random number generators can be ''Hardware random number generator, hardware random-number generators'' (HRNGs), wherein each generation is a function of the current value of a physical environment's attribute that is constantly changing in a manner that is practically impossible to model. This would be in contrast to so-called "random number generations" done by ''pseudorandom number generators'' (PRNGs), which generate numbers that only look random but are in fact predetermined—these generations can be reproduced simply by knowing the state of the PRNG. Various applications of randomness have led to the development of different methods for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgium, Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the Advanced Encryption Standard process, AES selection process. Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different key size, key and Block size (cryptography), block sizes. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits. AES has been adopted by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government. It supersedes the Data Encryption Standard (DES), which was published in 1977. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computerworld
''Computerworld'' (abbreviated as CW) is a computer magazine published since 1967 aimed at information technology (IT) and Business computing, business technology professionals. Original a print magazine, ''Computerworld'' published its final print issue in 2014; since then, it has been available as an online news website and as an online magazine. As a printed weekly during the 1970s and into the 1980s, ''Computerworld'' was the leading trade publication in the data processing industry. Based on circulation and revenue it was one of the most successful trade publications in any industry. Later in the 1980s it began to lose its dominant position. It is published in many countries around the world under the same or similar names. Each country's version of ''Computerworld'' includes original content and is managed independently. The publisher of ''Computerworld'', Foundry (formerly IDG Communications), is a subsidiary of International Data Group. History The publication was lau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MacRumors
''MacRumors'' is an American website that reports and aggregates Apple Inc.- and Mac (computer), Mac-related news, rumors, and information. The website is updated on a daily basis with new articles. It also provides a selection of other content including guides, tutorials, videos, and a podcast. ''MacRumors'' is a prominent website within the Apple community, featuring a popular Internet forum, forum with over one million members. It has been credited with helping to build a positive community around Apple. The site was founded in February 2000 by Arnold Kim and remains a privately owned publication. Kim has been profiled in publications including ''The New York Times'' and hailed as "Apple Rumor King" owing to his work on ''MacRumors''. The company's headquarters are located in Glen Allen, Virginia, but the editorial staff work remotely from around the world. Eric Slivka is the site's editor-in-chief. ''MacRumors'' has 11 full-time job, full-time employees. ''MacRumors'' has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unique Identifier
A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems. In general, it was associated with an atomic data type. In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity that serve as unique identifiers are called '' primary keys''. In mathematics, set theory uses the concept of '' element indices'' as unique identifiers. Classification There are some main types of unique identifiers, each corresponding to a different generation strategy: # serial numbers, assigned incrementally or sequentially, by a central authority or accepted reference. # random numbers, selected from a number space much larger than the maximum (or expected) number of objects to be identified. Although not really unique, some identifiers of this type may be appropriate for identifying objects in many practical applica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI, as an acronym) is a Specification (technical standard), specification for the firmware Software architecture, architecture of a computing platform. When a computer booting, is powered on, the UEFI implementation is typically the first that runs, before starting the operating system. Examples include AMI Aptio, Phoenix Technologies, Phoenix SecureCore, TianoCore EDK II, and InsydeH2O. UEFI replaces the BIOS that was present in the boot ROM of all personal computers that are IBM PC compatible, although it can provide Backward compatibility, backwards compatibility with the BIOS using #CSM booting, CSM booting. Unlike its predecessor, BIOS, which is a de facto standard originally created by IBM as proprietary software, UEFI is an open standard maintained by an industry consortium. Like BIOS, most UEFI implementations are proprietary. Intel developed the original ''Extensible Firmware Interface'' (''EFI'') specification. The last Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keychain (software)
Keychain is a Password manager, password management system developed by Apple Inc., Apple for macOS. It was introduced with Mac OS 8, Mac OS 8.6, and was included in all subsequent versions of the operating system, as well as in iOS. A keychain can contain various types of data: passwords (for websites, File transfer protocol, FTP servers, Secure shell, SSH accounts, network shares, wireless networks, groupware, groupware applications, encryption, encrypted disk images), public-key cryptography, private keys, public key certificate, certificates, and secure notes. Some data, primarily passwords, in the Keychain are visible and editable using a user-friendly interface in Passwords (Apple), Passwords, a built in app in macOS Sequoia and iOS 18 and available in System Settings/Settings (Apple), Settings in earlier versions of Apple's operating systems. History Keychains were initially developed for Apple's e-mail system, Apple Open Collaboration Environment, PowerTalk, in the earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FileVault
FileVault is a disk encryption program in Mac OS X 10.3 Panther (2003) and later. It performs on-the-fly encryption with volumes on Mac computers. Versions and key features FileVault was introduced with Mac OS X 10.3 Panther, and could only be applied to a user's home directory, not the startup volume. The operating system uses an encrypted sparse disk image (a large single file) to present a volume for the home directory. Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard use more modern sparse bundle disk images which spread the data over 8 MB files (called ''bands'') within a bundle. Apple refers to this original iteration of FileVault as "legacy FileVault". OS X 10.7 Lion and newer versions offer FileVault 2, which is a significant redesign. This encrypts the entire OS X startup volume and typically includes the home directory, abandoning the disk image approach. For this approach to disk encryption, authorised users' information is loaded from a separate non-e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Touch ID
Touch ID is an electronic fingerprint recognition feature designed and released by Apple Inc. History In 2012, Apple acquired AuthenTec, a company focused on fingerprint-reading and identification management software, for $356 million. The acquisition led commentators to expect a fingerprint reading feature. Following leaks and speculation in early September the next year, the iPhone 5s was unveiled on September 10, 2013, and was the first phone on a major US carrier to feature the technology. Apple's Vice president, Vice President of Marketing, Phil Schiller, announced the feature at Apple's iPhone media event and spent several minutes (the major portion of the conference) discussing the feature. Wells Fargo analyst Maynard Um predicted on September 4, 2013, that a fingerprint sensor in the iPhone 5s would help mobile commerce and boost adoption in the corporate environment. Um said,"As consumers increasingly rely on mobile devices to transact and store personal data, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
