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1862 In Germany
Events from the year 1862 in Germany. Incumbents * King of Bavaria – Maximilian II of Bavaria * King of Saxony – John * King of Hanover – George VWeir, Alison (18 April 2011). "The House of Hanover". Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. p. 291. * King of Prussia – William I * King of Württemberg – William I of Württemberg * Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I Events * 9 August – Theater Baden-Baden opens with Béatrice et Bénédict. * 21 September – ''Deutscher Sängerbund'' is founded. * 30 September – Otto von Bismarck gives the speech named '' Blood and Iron'' in Berlin. Undated *Landesmuseum Württemberg is opened. Births * 1 January – Heinrich Braun, German surgeon (died 1934) * 6 January – August Oetker, German businessman (died 1918) * 9 January – Agnes Bluhm, German physician (died 1943) * 20 January – Karl von Tubeuf, German forestry scientist, mycologist and plant pathologist (died 1941) * 23 January – David ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30 September
Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their baggage train. * 1139 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes the Caucasus mountains in the Seljuk Empire, causing mass destruction and killing up to 300,000 people. * 1342 – Battle of Morlaix in the Hundred Years' War * 1399 – Henry IV is proclaimed king of England. * 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent is proclaimed sultan of the Ottoman Empire. *1541 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto and his forces enter Tula territory in present-day western Arkansas, encountering fierce resistance. * 1551 – A coup by the military establishment of Japan's Ōuchi clan forces their lord to commit suicide, and their city is burned. 1601–1900 * 1736 – The Lebanese Council of 1736 begins, a major turning point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20 January
Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyliö. *1265 – The Simon de Montfort's Parliament, first English parliament to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns holds its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament". *1320 – Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Late Piast dynasty and reunification, king of Poland. *1356 – Edward Balliol surrenders his claim to the List of Scottish monarchs#House of Balliol (1292–96), Scottish throne to Edward III of England, Edward III in exchange for an English pension. *1401 – The Taula de canvi de Barcelona, Taula de canvi (Catalan: "Table of change"), described as Europe's first-ever public bank, began operation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1943 In Germany
Events in the year 1943 in Germany. Incumbents National level Head of State and Chancellor * Adolf Hitler (the Führer) (Nazi Party) Events * 18 January – World War II: Soviet officials announce they have broken the Wehrmacht's siege of Leningrad. * 18 January – The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins. * 27 January – World War II: 64 bombers mount the first all American air raid against Germany (Wilhelmshaven is the target). * 29 January – German police arrest alleged necrophiliac Bruno Ludke. * 29 January – Dr Ernst Kaltenbrunner succeeds the late Reinhard Heydrich as head of the RSHA SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt controlling the Schutzstaffel Gestapo * 2 February – World War II: In Russia, the Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end with the surrender of the German 6th Army and its 91,000 remaining soldiers. * 3 February – World War II: The Four Chaplains of the U.S. Army are drowned, when their ship () is struck by a German torpedo. * 14 February – World War II: B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnes Bluhm
Agnes Bluhm (9 January 1862 – 12 November 1943) was a German physician, eugenicist, and winner of a Goethe medal. She believed that German women could improve the race using eugenics and forced sterilisation. She wrote that the "female psyche" made her gender predisposed towards working for "racial hygiene". Life Bluhm was born in Constantinople in 1862. She was trained as a medical doctor and won prizes for her research. She believed that German women could improve the race using eugenics. While a student, she met Friedrich Nietzsche and became part of the students in his circle, which included Eva Corell, Meta von Salis, Resa von Schirnhofer and Clara Willdenow. In 1886 she fell in love with Alfred Ploetz who was already involved with another scientist named Pauline Rüdin. They became involved whilst conducting dissection and they decided to get married early in 1887. Ploetz was also seeing an American named Mary Sherwood who was studying hypnotism. Ploetz returned to Rü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9 January
Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300. * 1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song period. * 1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated. * 1431 – The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen. 1601–1900 * 1693 – Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people. *1760 – Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 In Germany
Events in the year 1918 in Germany. Incumbents National level Head of State * Kaiser – Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November * Republic (from 9 November) – vacant Head of Government * Chancellor (Imperial) - Georg von Hertling to 30 September, then from 3 October Prince Maximilian of Baden to 9 November * Republic – from 9 November Friedrich Ebert, ''"Head of Government"'' State level Kingdoms * King of Bavaria – Ludwig III abdicated 7 November * King of Prussia – Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November * King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III, abdicated 13 November * King of Württemberg – William II, abdicated 30 November Grand Duchies * Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II, abdicated 22 November * Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis, abdicated 9 November * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick Francis IV, abdicated 14 November * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick VI, died 23 November, thereafter vacant * Grand Duke of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Oetker
August Oetker (; January 6, 1862 – January 10, 1918) was a German inventor, food scientist and business person. He is known as the creator of baking powder as a ready-to-use product, and also as the founder of the Dr. Oetker company. He was the patriarch of the Oetker family. Biography Early life Oetker was born on January 6, 1862, in Obernkirchen, Electorate of Hesse, the oldest of eight children, to August Adolph Oetker (1834–1890) and Bertha Oetker (née Westphal; 1836–1902). He completed a doctoral thesis on the shape of pollen grains in 1888. Career In 1891, he bought the Aschoffsche pharmacy in Bielefeld and developed a baking agent, which was designed to ensure the success of the baking process. Prior to Oetker, a British chemist, Alfred Bird, had already invented baking powder, and American scientist Eben Norton Horsford had developed a ready-made 'double-acting' baking powder. From 1890, he distributed his invention under the brand name ''Backin'', thus laying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6 January
Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eventually lead to the Norman conquest of England. * 1205 – Philip of Swabia undergoes a second coronation as King of the Romans. *1322 – Stephen Uroš III is crowned King of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. His son is crowned "young king" in the same ceremony. *1355 – Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan. *1449 – Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mystras. *1492 – The Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella enter Granada at the conclusion of the Granada War. *1536 – The first European school of higher learning in the Americas, Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, is founded by Viceroy Antonio de Men ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 In Germany
Events in the year 1934 in Germany. Incumbents National level Head of State * President: **Paul von Hindenburg (until 2 August 1934) **Adolf Hitler (from 2 August 1934; as Führer and Chancellor) * Chancellor: **Adolf Hitler (Nazi Party) Events * 1 January — Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring". * 10 January — Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Germany. * 26 January — The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Germany and the Second Polish Republic. * 20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of Heinrich Himmler. * 29 May-31 May — The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration. * 30 June — **The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS. **Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA. * 10 July — German Social Democrat and author Erich Mühsam is killed in Oranienburg concentratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Braun
Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Braun (1 January 1862 – 26 April 1934) was a German surgeon remembered for his work in the field of anaesthesiology. He was a native of Rawitsch, Province of Posen (today called Rawicz, Poland). Braun attended the Kreuzschule and the ''Vitzhumsches Gymnasium'' in Dresden, completing his Abitur in 1881. He studied medicine at the Universities of Strasbourg, Greifswald and Leipzig, earning his doctorate in 1887. From 1891 to 1905 he worked at various hospitals in Leipzig, becoming an associate professor at the University of Leipzig in 1905. The following year he was appointed chief surgeon and medical director of the Royal Saxonian Hospital in Zwickau, a position he maintained until his retirement in 1923. Construction of the "Krankenstift Zwickau" in 1921 was based on his plans and recommendations. Braun made important contributions in the development of general, local and regional anaesthesia. In 1901 he devised an apparatus for mixed-gas anaesthesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1 January
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events Pre-1600 * 153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1. *45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Republic, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year. * 42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar. * 193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor. * 404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights. * 417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
