The Pinkerton Years
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''Pinkerton'' is the second
studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track cartridge, 8-track or Cassette tape, cassette), or digital distribution, dig ...
by the American rock band
Weezer Weezer is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1992. Since 2001, the band has consisted of Rivers Cuomo (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Patrick Wilson (drums, backing vocals), Brian Bell (guitar, keyboards, backing ...
, released on September 24, 1996, by
DGC Records DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) was an American record label that operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by Universal Music Group. In 1999, after the PolyGram merger into UMG which crea ...
. The guitarist and vocalist
Rivers Cuomo Rivers Cuomo ( ; born June 13, 1970) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of the rock band Weezer. Cuomo was born in New York City and raised in several Buddhist communities in the northeaste ...
wrote most of ''Pinkerton'' while studying at
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
, after abandoning plans for a
rock opera A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs with lyrics that relate to a common story. Rock operas are typically released as concept albums and are not scripted for acting, which distinguishes them from operas, although several have been ad ...
, ''
Songs from the Black Hole ''Songs from the Black Hole'' is an unfinished album by the American rock band Weezer, recorded between 1994 and 1996. The songwriter, Rivers Cuomo, conceived it as a rock opera that would express his mixed feelings about the success of Weezer ...
''. It was the last Weezer
album An album is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track cartridge, 8-track or Cassette tape, cassette), or digital distribution, dig ...
to feature the bassist
Matt Sharp Matthew Kelly Sharp (born September 22, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Until 1998, he was the bassist for the Rock music, rock band Weezer, which he co-founded in 1992. He appears on their first two albums, the ''Weezer (B ...
, who left in 1998. To better capture their live sound, Weezer self-produced ''Pinkerton'', creating a darker, more abrasive album than their self-titled 1994 debut. Cuomo's lyrics express loneliness and disillusionment with the rock lifestyle. The title comes from the character BF Pinkerton from
Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Puccini (22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for List of compositions by Giacomo Puccini#Operas, his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he ...
's 1904 opera ''
Madama Butterfly ''Madama Butterfly'' (; ''Madame Butterfly'') is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is based on the short story " Madame Butterfly" (1898) by John Lu ...
'', whom Cuomo described as an "asshole American sailor similar to a touring rock star". Like ''Madama Butterfly'', ''Pinkerton'' views Japanese culture from the perspective of an outsider who considers Japan fragile and sensual. ''Pinkerton'' produced the singles "
El Scorcho "El Scorcho" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the first single from the band's second album, '' Pinkerton'', released in 1996. The music video features the band playing in an old ballroom in Los Angeles (as revealed by Weezer's ...
" and " The Good Life". It debuted at number 19 on the US ''Billboard'' 200, failing to meet sales expectations. It received mixed reviews; ''
Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. The magazine was first known fo ...
'' readers voted it the third-worst album of 1996. For subsequent albums, Cuomo returned to more traditional pop songwriting and less personal lyrics. In subsequent years, ''Pinkerton'' was reassessed and achieved acclaim. Several publications named it one of the best albums of the 1990s, and it was
certified platinum Music recording certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped, sold, or streamed a certain number of units. The threshold quantity varies by type (such as album, single, music video) and by nation or territory (see ...
in the US in 2016. Several
emo Emo () is a genre of rock music characterized by emotional, often confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of hardcore punk and from the Washington, D.C., hardcore scene, where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore. The bands ...
bands have credited it as an influence.


Background

In 1994, after the
multi-platinum Music recording certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped, sold, or streamed a certain number of units. The threshold quantity varies by type (such as album, single, music video) and by nation or territory (see ...
success of Weezer's self-titled debut album (also known as the ''Blue Album''), Weezer took a break from touring for Christmas. The singer and songwriter,
Rivers Cuomo Rivers Cuomo ( ; born June 13, 1970) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of the rock band Weezer. Cuomo was born in New York City and raised in several Buddhist communities in the northeaste ...
, felt limited by rock music. Every night, after performing with Weezer, he listened to
Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Puccini (22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for List of compositions by Giacomo Puccini#Operas, his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he ...
's 1904 opera ''
Madama Butterfly ''Madama Butterfly'' (; ''Madame Butterfly'') is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is based on the short story " Madame Butterfly" (1898) by John Lu ...
; ''the "depth of emotion and sadness and tragedy" inspired him to go further with his music. In his home state of Connecticut, Cuomo began preparing material for Weezer's next album using an 8-track recorder. His original concept was a
rock opera A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs with lyrics that relate to a common story. Rock operas are typically released as concept albums and are not scripted for acting, which distinguishes them from operas, although several have been ad ...
, ''
Songs from the Black Hole ''Songs from the Black Hole'' is an unfinished album by the American rock band Weezer, recorded between 1994 and 1996. The songwriter, Rivers Cuomo, conceived it as a rock opera that would express his mixed feelings about the success of Weezer ...
'', that would express his mixed feelings about success. Weezer developed ''Songs from the Black Hole'' through intermittent recording sessions throughout 1995. On April 14, 1995, Cuomo, who was born with one leg shorter than the other, had extensive leg surgery to lengthen his right leg, followed by weeks of painful
physical therapy Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is a healthcare profession, as well as the care provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through patient education, physical intervention, disease preventio ...
. This affected his songwriting, as he would spend long periods hospitalized, unable to walk without the use of a cane, and under the influence of painkillers. In the same period, Cuomo applied to study classical composition at
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
with a letter describing his disillusionment with the rock lifestyle: "You will meet two hundred people every night, but each conversation will generally last approximately thirty seconds ... Then you will be alone again, in your motel room. Or you will be on your bus, in your little space, trying to kill the nine hours it takes to get to the next city, whichever city it is." By May 1996, Cuomo's songwriting had become "darker, more visceral and exposed, less playful", and the ''Songs from the Black Hole'' concept was abandoned.''Pinkerton Deluxe'' liner notes Weezer's second album would instead feature songs written while Cuomo was at Harvard, chronicling his loneliness and frustration, or what Cuomo referred to as his "dark side".


Recording

In 1995, shortly before Cuomo left to study at
Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...
, Weezer spent two weeks at New York City's
Electric Lady Studios Electric Lady Studios is a recording studio in Greenwich Village, New York City. It was commissioned by rock musician Jimi Hendrix in 1968 and designed by architect John Storyk and audio engineer Eddie Kramer. It was completed by 1970. Hendrix ...
, where they had recorded their debut, and tracked the songs "Why Bother?", "Getchoo", "No Other One" and "Tired of Sex". Weezer hoped to explore "deeper, darker, more experimental stuff" and better capture their live sound. They decided against hiring a producer, feeling that "the best way for us to sound like ourselves is to record on our own". To give the album a live, "raw" feel, Cuomo, the guitarist
Brian Bell Brian Lane Bell (born December 9, 1968) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, backing vocalist, and occasional lead vocalist of the Rock music, rock band Weezer, with whom he has ...
and the bassist,
Matt Sharp Matthew Kelly Sharp (born September 22, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Until 1998, he was the bassist for the Rock music, rock band Weezer, which he co-founded in 1992. He appears on their first two albums, the ''Weezer (B ...
, recorded their vocals in tandem around three microphones rather than
overdubbing Overdubbing (also known as layering) is a technique used in audio recording in which audio Music track, tracks that have been pre-recorded are then played back and monitored, while simultaneously recording new, doubled, or augmented tracks onto o ...
them separately. While Cuomo was at Harvard, other Weezer members worked on side projects. Sharp promoted ''
Return of the Rentals ''Return of the Rentals'' is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band The Rentals, released on October 31, 1995, through Maverick Records and Reprise Records. The album features Matt Sharp—Weezer's bassist at the time—on voca ...
'', the debut album by his band the
Rentals Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the use of a good, service or property owned by another over a fixed period of time. To maintain such an agreement, a rental agreement (or lease) is sign ...
, and Bell and the drummer,
Patrick Wilson Patrick Joseph Wilson (born July 3, 1973) is an American actor. He began his career in 1995, starring in Broadway theatre, Broadway musicals. He received nominations for two Tony Awards for his roles in ''The Full Monty (musical), The Full Mont ...
, worked on material for their bands the Space Twins and the Special Goodness. In January 1996, during Cuomo's winter break, Weezer regrouped for a two-week session at
Sound City Studios Sound City Studios is a recording studio in Los Angeles, California, United States, known as one of the most successful in popular music. The complex opened in 1969 in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles. The facility had previously been a p ...
in
Van Nuys Van Nuys ( ) is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley. History In 1 ...
, Los Angeles, to complete the songs they had worked on in August. The Weezer collaborator Karl Koch said Sound City was "a significant part of the sound". After recording "
El Scorcho "El Scorcho" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the first single from the band's second album, '' Pinkerton'', released in 1996. The music video features the band playing in an old ballroom in Los Angeles (as revealed by Weezer's ...
" and "
Pink Triangle A pink triangle is a symbol for the LGBT community. Initially intended as a badge of shame, it was later reappropriated as a positive symbol of self-identity. It originated in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s as one of the Nazi concentratio ...
", they separated while Cuomo returned to Harvard. During Cuomo's 1996 spring break, Weezer regrouped at Sound City Studios and recorded " The Good Life", "Across the Sea" and "Falling for You" before Cuomo returned to Harvard for his finals. They completed ''Pinkerton'' in mid-1996 in Los Angeles. Two additional tracks, "I Swear It's True" and "Getting Up and Leaving", were abandoned prior to mixing.


Music and lyrics

Like Weezer's debut, ''Pinkerton'' is an
alternative rock Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that evolved from the independent music underground of the 1970s. Alternative rock acts achieved mainstream success in the 1990s w ...
album with elements of
power pop Power pop (also typeset as powerpop) is a subgenre of rock music and form of pop rock based on the early music of bands such as the Who, the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Byrds. It typically incorporates melodic hooks, vocal harmonies, ...
and heavy metal, but with a darker, less polished sound. According to
Stephen Thomas Erlewine Stephen Thomas Erlewine (; born June 18, 1973) is an American music critic and former senior editor for the online music database AllMusic. He is the author of multiple artist biographies and record reviews for AllMusic, as well as a freelance ...
of ''
AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...
'', "The guitars rage and squeal, the beats are brutal and visceral, the vocals are mixed to the front, filled with overlapping, off-the-cuff backing vocals ... In short, it sounds like the work of a live band." The lyrics feature
self-deprecating Self-deprecation is the act of reprimanding oneself by belittling, undervaluing, disparaging oneself, or being excessively modest. It can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions or add humour. It may also be ...
humor. Writing from a more direct and personal perspective, Cuomo wrote of his dysfunctional relationships,
sexual frustration Sex is the trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes. Sex, SEX or sexual may also refer to: *Sexual intercourse, a sexual activity Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Sex'' (1920 ...
, and struggles with
identity Identity may refer to: * Identity document * Identity (philosophy) * Identity (social science) * Identity (mathematics) Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Identity'' (1987 film), an Iranian film * ''Identity'' (2003 film), an ...
. ''Pinkerton'' charts his "cycle between 'lame-o and partier. Erlewine described it as a "singer-songwriter record representing Rivers Cuomo's bid for respectability". At just under 35 minutes, ''Pinkerton'' is, according to Cuomo, "short by design". The first song, "Tired of Sex", written before the release of the ''Blue Album'', has Cuomo describing meaningless sex with
groupies A groupie is a fan of a particular musical group who follows the band around while they are on tour or who attends as many of their public appearances as possible, with the hope of meeting them. The term is used mostly describing young women, an ...
and wondering why true love eludes him. "Across the Sea" was inspired by a letter Cuomo received from a Japanese fan: "When I got the letter, I fell in love with her ... I was very lonely at the time, but at the same time I was very depressed that I would never meet her." " The Good Life" chronicles the rebirth of Cuomo after an identity crisis as an
Ivy League The Ivy League is an American collegiate List of NCAA conferences, athletic conference of eight Private university, private Research university, research universities in the Northeastern United States. It participates in the National Collegia ...
loner. Cuomo, who felt isolated at Harvard, wrote it after "becoming frustrated with that hermit's life I was leading, the ascetic life. And I think I was starting to become frustrated with my whole dream about purifying myself and trying to live like a monk or an intellectual and going to school and holding out for this perfect, ideal woman. And so I wrote the song. And I started to turn around and come back the other way." "
El Scorcho "El Scorcho" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the first single from the band's second album, '' Pinkerton'', released in 1996. The music video features the band playing in an old ballroom in Los Angeles (as revealed by Weezer's ...
" addresses Cuomo's shyness and inability to approach a woman while at Harvard; he explained that the song "is more about me, because at that point I hadn't even talked to the girl, I didn't really know much about her." "
Pink Triangle A pink triangle is a symbol for the LGBT community. Initially intended as a badge of shame, it was later reappropriated as a positive symbol of self-identity. It originated in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s as one of the Nazi concentratio ...
" describes a man who falls in love, but discovers the object of his devotion is a lesbian. ''Pinkerton'' is named after the character BF Pinkerton from ''Madama Butterfly'', who marries and then abandons a Japanese woman named Butterfly. Calling him an "asshole American sailor similar to a touring rock star", Cuomo felt the character was "the perfect symbol for the part of myself that I am trying to come to terms with on this album". Other titles considered included ''Playboy'' and ''Diving into the Wreck'' (after
the poem ''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The ...
by
Adrienne Rich Adrienne Cecile Rich ( ; May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She was called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century", and was credited with bringing "the ...
). Like ''Madama Butterfly'', ''Pinkerton'' views Japanese culture from the perspective of an outsider who considers Japan fragile and sensual; the Japanese allusions are infused with the narrator's romantic disappointments and sexual frustration. Cuomo wrote that ''Pinkerton'' "is really the clash of East vs West. My hindu, zen,
kyokushin is a style of karate originating in Japan. It is a full-contact style of stand-up fighting and is rooted in a philosophy of self-improvement, discipline, and hard training. Kyokushin Kaikan is the martial arts organization founded in 1964 ...
arate self-denial, self-abnegation, no-emotion, cool-faced side versus my Italian-American heavy metal side." The songs are mostly sequenced in the order in which he wrote them, and so "the album kind of tells the story of my struggle with my inner Pinkerton".


Artwork

The cover artwork is derived from ("Night snow at Kambara") from the Japanese
ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese art that flourished from the 17th through 19th centuries. Its artists produced woodblock printing, woodblock prints and Nikuhitsu-ga, paintings of such subjects as female beauties; kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers; scenes ...
artist
Hiroshige or , born Andō Tokutarō (; 1797 – 12 October 1858), was a Japanese ''ukiyo-e'' artist, considered the last great master of that tradition. Hiroshige is best known for his horizontal-format landscape series '' The Fifty-three Stations ...
's 1830s series ''53 Stations of the Tōkaidō''. Lyrics from ''Madama Butterfly'' are printed on the ''Pinkerton'' CD in their original Italian: "Everywhere in the world, the roving Yankee takes his pleasure and his profit, indifferent to all risks. He drops anchor at random..." Behind the CD tray is a map with the title (Italian for "Island of the Butterfly and Peninsula of Dog"). On the map are a ship named USS ''Pinkerton'' and "Mykel and Carli Island", alluding to Weezer's fan club founders, and the names of some of Cuomo's influences, including
Howard Stern Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American broadcaster and media personality. He is best known for his radio show, ''The Howard Stern Show'', which gained popularity when it was nationally syndicated on terrestrial radio from 1 ...
,
Yngwie Malmsteen Yngwie Johan Malmsteen (; born Lars Johan Yngve Lannerbäck, on 30 June 1963) is a Swedish-American guitarist. He first became known in the 1980s for his neoclassical metal, neoclassical playing style in heavy metal music, heavy metal, and has ...
,
Brian Wilson Brian Douglas Wilson (June 20, 1942 – June 11, 2025) was an American musician, songwriter, singer and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. Often Brian Wilson is a genius, called a genius for his novel approaches to pop compositio ...
,
Lou Barlow Louis Knox Barlow (born July 17, 1966) is an American alternative rock musician and songwriter. A founding member of the groups Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh and The Folk Implosion, Barlow is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock ...
,
Joe Matt Joe Matt (September 3, 1963 – September 18, 2023) was an American cartoonist, best known for his autobiographical work, ''Peepshow''. Early life Joe Matt was born and raised in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, a middle-class suburb of Philadelphia. He ...
,
Camille Paglia Camille Anna Paglia ( ; born April 2, 1947) is an American academic, social critic and Feminism, feminist. Paglia was a professor at the University of the Arts (Philadelphia), University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1984 until ...
and
Ace Frehley Paul Daniel "Ace" Frehley (, ; born April 27, 1951) is an American musician who was the original lead guitarist, occasional lead vocalist and founding member of the rock band Kiss (band), Kiss. He invented the persona of The Spaceman (a.k.a. ...
.


Release and promotion

Todd Sullivan, an A&R representative from Weezer's record label, Geffen, described ''Pinkerton'' as a "very brave record", but worried: "What sort of light does this put the band in? It could have been interpreted as them being a disposable pop band." Geffen was pleased with the record and felt that fans would not be disappointed. Weezer turned down a video treatment for the lead single, "
El Scorcho "El Scorcho" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the first single from the band's second album, '' Pinkerton'', released in 1996. The music video features the band playing in an old ballroom in Los Angeles (as revealed by Weezer's ...
", proposed by
Spike Jonze Adam Spiegel (born October 22, 1969), known professionally as Spike Jonze (), is an American Filmmaking, filmmaker, actor, musician, and photographer. His work includes films, commercials, music videos, skateboard videos and television. Jonze ...
, who had helped raise Weezer's status with his videos for "
Undone – The Sweater Song "Undone – The Sweater Song" is a song by American alternative rock band Weezer, released in June 1994 from their self-titled debut album as their debut single. Background The band originally intended to insert various sound clips into ''Und ...
" and "
Buddy Holly Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959), known as Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and musician who was a central and pioneering figure of rock and roll. He was born to a musical family in Lubbock, Texa ...
". Cuomo said: "I really want the songs to come across untainted this time around… I really want to communicate my feelings directly and because I was so careful in writing that way. I'd hate for the video to kinda misrepresent the song, or exaggerate certain aspects." The "El Scorcho" video features Weezer playing in an assembly hall in Los Angeles, surrounded by light fixtures flashing in time to the music. The director,
Mark Romanek Mark Lee Romanek (; born September 18, 1959) is an American film, music video and commercial director and photographer. He is best known for directing the films ''One Hour Photo'' (2002) and ''Never Let Me Go (2010 film), Never Let Me Go'' (2010) ...
, quit after arguments with Cuomo, leaving Cuomo to edit the video himself. The video debuted on
MTV MTV (an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable television television channel, channel and the flagship property of the MTV Entertainment Group sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Global. Launched on ...
's ''
120 Minutes ''120 Minutes'' is a television program in the United States dedicated to the Alternative rock, alternative music genre, that originally aired on MTV from 1986 to 2000, and then aired on MTV's associate channel MTV2 from 2001 to 2003. After it ...
'' and received moderate airplay. ''Pinkerton'' debuted at number 19 on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, its highest position. It sold 47,000 copies its first week, falling far short of the sales of Weezer's first album. "
El Scorcho "El Scorcho" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the first single from the band's second album, '' Pinkerton'', released in 1996. The music video features the band playing in an old ballroom in Los Angeles (as revealed by Weezer's ...
" reached number 19, and "The Good Life" reached number 32. As ''Pinkerton'' was not meeting sales expectations, Weezer felt pressure to make another music video more to the liking of MTV. The video for "The Good Life", directed by
Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris Jonathan Dayton (born July 7, 1957) and Valerie Faris (born October 20, 1958) are a duo of American directors and producers for films and music videos. They started their career directing videos for such artists as Red Hot Chili Peppers, R.E.M. ...
, stars
Mary Lynn Rajskub Mary Lynn Rajskub () is an American actress and comedian who is best known for portraying Chloe O'Brian in the action thriller series '' 24'' and Gail the Snail in ''It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia''. Rajskub was a regular cast member on HBO' ...
as a pizza delivery girl, and uses simultaneous camera angles appearing on screen as a fractured full image. Geffen rush-released the video to try to save the album, but was not successful.


Tour

In October 1996, Weezer toured Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Afterwards, they flew home to Los Angeles, where Wilson and Sharp made a promotional appearance on the nationally syndicated radio show ''Modern Rock Live''. On November 1, Weezer began a tour of North America at the Ventura Theatre in
Ventura, California Ventura, officially named San Buenaventura (Spanish for "Saint Bonaventure"), is a city in and the county seat of Ventura County, California, United States. It is a coastal city located northwest of Los Angeles. The population was 110,763 at the ...
. On November 6, they performed an acoustic set at
Shorecrest High School Shorecrest High School is a public high school (grades 9 through 12) in Shoreline, Washington, United States, one of two high schools in the Shoreline School District. Shorecrest was founded in 1961. Its mascot is Otis the Fighting Scot and stud ...
in Seattle due to a contest won by a student. Weezer continued to tour until mid-1997. The tour was postponed when the sisters Mykel, Carli and Trysta Allan died in a car accident while driving home from a Weezer show in Denver, Colorado. Mykel and Carli ran Weezer's fan club and helped manage publicity for several other Los Angeles bands, and had inspired the Weezer song " Mykel and Carli". Weezer canceled a show to attend their funeral. In August, Weezer and other bands held a benefit concert for their family in Los Angeles.


Pinkerton's Inc. lawsuit

A day before ''Pinkerton'' was to be released on September 24, 1996, a
restraining order A restraining order or protective order is an order used by a court to protect a person in a situation often involving alleged domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, assault, harassment, stalking, or sexual assault. Restraining and perso ...
was obtained by Californian security firm Pinkerton's Inc. Pinkerton sued Weezer and Geffen for federal
trademark infringement Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attached to a trademark without the authorization of the trademark owner or any licensees (provided that such authorization was within the scope of the licence). Infringement may occ ...
, claiming they were trying to capitalize on their reputation. Under the terms of the restraining order, which had Pinkerton's Inc seeking two million dollars in damages, Weezer would be kept from "selling, distributing, or advertising" an album under the name ''Pinkerton''. The Geffen spokesman Dennis Dennehy defended the title, arguing that it was a reference to ''Madama Butterfly'' and not aimed at "any sort of corporate entity". Cuomo wrote a six-page paper explaining why he chose the title and why he felt it was essential. The case was thrown out of court after the judge determined that "the hardship of not issuing the ''Pinkerton'' disc would be greater for Geffen than any hardship Pinkerton's Inc or its shareholders might incur from consumers who mistakenly presume the company has anything to do with the album".


Critical reception

Initial reviews of ''Pinkerton'' were mixed. Jeff Gordinier of ''
Entertainment Weekly ''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American online magazine, digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, ...
'' deemed it "a collection of get-down party anthems for agoraphobics" and criticized Weezer's choice to self-produce, which he felt resulted in a "sloppy and raw" aesthetic inferior to the pop sound of their debut. In ''
Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. The magazine was first known fo ...
'', Rob O'Connor called Cuomo's songwriting "juvenile", and singled out "Tired of Sex" as "aimless". However, he praised "Butterfly" as "a real treat, a gentle acoustic number that recalls the vintage, heartbreaking beauty of
Big Star Big Star was an American rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee in 1971 by Alex Chilton (vocals, guitar), Chris Bell (vocals, guitar), Jody Stephens (drums), and Andy Hummel (bass). They have been described as the "quintessential American ...
 … suggesting that underneath the geeky teenager pose is an artist well on his way to maturity". ''Rolling Stone'' readers voted the album the third-worst of 1996. Some listeners were perturbed by the sexual nature of the lyrics; ''
Melody Maker ''Melody Maker'' was a British weekly music magazine, one of the world's earliest music weeklies; according to its publisher, IPC Media, the earliest. In January 2001, it was merged into "long-standing rival" (and IPC Media sister publicatio ...
''s Jennifer Nine praised the music, but advised listeners "to ignore the lyrics entirely". Steve Appleford of the ''
Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of new ...
'' wrote that the songs were "are sloppy and awkward, but express a seemingly genuine, desperate search for sex and love".
Mark Beaumont Mark Beaumont may refer to: * Mark Beaumont (cyclist) (born 1983), English cyclist born in Swindon, adventurer, broadcaster, documentary maker and author * Mark Beaumont (journalist) (born 1972), English music journalist {{hndis, Beaumont, M ...
of ''
NME ''New Musical Express'' (''NME'') is a British music, film, gaming and culture website, bimonthly magazine, and brand. Founded as a newspaper in 1952, with the publication being referred to as a "Rock music, rock inkie", the ''NME'' would be ...
'' praised ''Pinkerton'', writing that "by the time the affecting acoustic lament 'Butterfly' wafts in ... ''Pinkerton'' starts feeling like a truly moving album". Ryan Schreiber of ''
Pitchfork A pitchfork or hay fork is an agricultural tool used to pitch loose material, such as hay, straw, manure, or leaves. It has a long handle and usually two to five thin tines designed to efficiently move such materials. The term is also applie ...
'' wrote that "''Pinkerton'' might actually be a bit much for fans who were wooed with the clean production and immediately accessible sound of these guys' debut, but if given a chance, it might surprise even some anti-Weezer folk". The ''
Guardian Guardian usually refers to: * Legal guardian, a person with the authority and duty to care for the interests of another * ''The Guardian'', a British daily newspaper (The) Guardian(s) may also refer to: Places * Guardian, West Virginia, Unit ...
'' critic Kathy Sweeney found ''Pinkerton'' "noisier and messier than their last album, and all the better for it". In another positive review, Dave Henderson of '' Q'' said that "on every tale of romance, delivered in perfect verse/chorus formula, you can see
Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress. She rose to international fame for her role as Rachel Green on the television sitcom ''Friends'' from 1994 to 2004, which earned her Primetime Emmy, Golden Globe, and Scr ...
giving it some attitude in the kitchen".


Legacy

Cuomo was embarrassed by ''Pinkerton'' reception and the personal nature of its songs. According to the ''Guardian'', "For a long time, Cuomo talked about ''Pinkerton'' like it was his high school diary, a humiliating reminder of a time when he was unapologetically emotional and corny." In August 1997, Cuomo wrote in his diaries: "This has been a tough year. It's not just that the world has said ''Pinkerton'' isn't worth a shit, but that the ''Blue'' album wasn't either. It was a fluke ... I'm a shitty songwriter." After the ''Pinkerton'' tour, Sharp left the band and Weezer went on a hiatus. In the following years, ''Pinkerton'' amassed a
cult following A cult following is a group of fans who are highly dedicated to a person, idea, object, movement, or work, often an artist, in particular a performing artist, or an artwork in some medium. The latter is often called a cult classic. A film, boo ...
through internet
word of mouth Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person using oral communication, which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a ...
. A wave of mainstream
emo Emo () is a genre of rock music characterized by emotional, often confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of hardcore punk and from the Washington, D.C., hardcore scene, where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore. The bands ...
bands including
Jimmy Eat World Jimmy Eat World is an American Rock music, rock band formed in Mesa, Arizona, in 1993. The band is composed of lead vocalist and lead guitarist Jim Adkins, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Tom Linton, bassist Rick Burch, and drummer Zach ...
, Saves the Day,
Dashboard Confessional Dashboard Confessional is an American rock band from Boca Raton, Florida, formed in 1999 and led by singer Chris Carrabba. The name of the band is derived from the song "The Sharp Hint of New Tears" off their debut album, '' The Swiss Army Roma ...
and
Motion City Soundtrack Motion City Soundtrack is an American Rock music, rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1997. The band's line-up consists of vocalist and guitarist Justin Pierre, lead guitarist Joshua Cain, keyboardist Jesse Johnson, bassist Matthew Ta ...
began citing it as an influence. In 2001, Cuomo mentioned to
David Geffen David Lawrence Geffen (born February 21, 1943) is an American film producer, record executive, and media proprietor. In music, he co-founded Asylum Records with Elliot Roberts in 1971 before founding Geffen Records in 1980, DGC Records in 1 ...
, the head of Geffen Records, that ''Pinkerton'' had "turned into a real phenomenon". Geffen responded that "cult phenomenon" was euphemism for failure. Cuomo told ''Rolling Stone'' in 2001: "The most painful thing in my life these days is the cult around ''Pinkerton''. It's just a sick album, sick in a diseased sort of way." He told ''
Entertainment Weekly ''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American online magazine, digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, ...
'': For Weezer's subsequent albums, Cuomo moved to simpler songwriting with less personal lyrics. ''Rolling Stone'' described Weezer's followup, the '' Green Album'' (2001), as the "anti-''Pinkerton''", with "squeaky-clean" production and album art that recalled Weezer's debut. Sharp sued Weezer in 2001 for songwriting royalties including songs from ''Pinkerton''. ''Pinkerton''s critical standing continued to rise, and it came to be considered among Weezer's best work by fans and critics. In 2002, ''Rolling Stone'' readers voted it the 16th-greatest album of all time. In 2003, ''Pitchfork'' gave ''Pinkerton'' a perfect score and named it the 53rd-greatest album of the 1990s. In 2004, ''Rolling Stone'' gave it a new review, awarding it five out of five and adding it to the ''Rolling Stone'' Hall of Fame. Over the following years, it appeared in best-of lists by publications including ''
Spin Spin or spinning most often refers to: * Spin (physics) or particle spin, a fundamental property of elementary particles * Spin quantum number, a number which defines the value of a particle's spin * Spinning (textiles), the creation of yarn or thr ...
'' and '' Drowned in Sound''. By August 2009, ''Pinkerton'' had sold 852,000 copies in the US and was
certified gold Music recording certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped, sold, or streamed a certain number of units. The threshold quantity varies by type (such as album, single, music video) and by nation or territory (see ...
. In 2016, almost 20 years after its release, ''Pinkerton'' was certified platinum for sales of over one million copies in the US. That year, Alana Levinson of the ''Guardian'' wrote that ''Pinkerton'' "conversational, confessional" lyrics were appropriate in the age of social media. By 2008, Cuomo had reconsidered the album, saying: "''Pinkerton''s great. It's super-deep, brave, and authentic. Listening to it, I can tell that I was really going for it when I wrote and recorded a lot of those songs." In 2010, Bell told ''
The Aquarian Weekly ''The Aquarian Weekly'' is a regional alternative weekly newspaper based in Little Falls, New Jersey. Founded in 1969, it covers rock music and related news and events in New Jersey, New York City, and the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Penns ...
'': "''Pinkerton'' has definitely taken on a life of its own and became more successful and more accepted … As an artist, you just have to do what you believe in at the time, whether it's accepted or not. You just have to keep going with it." That year, Weezer embarked on the Memories Tour, playing ''Blue'' and ''Pinkerton'' in their entirety. Cuomo said of the tour: "The last time we played all of those 'Pinkerton''songs, they went over like a lead balloon. And I just remember that feeling of just total rejection. And then to see 5,500 people singing along to every last word through every song on the album, even the really difficult ones, was incredibly validating for me."


Accolades


Further releases

On November 2, 2010, DGC reissued ''Pinkerton'' with live performances, B-sides, and previously unreleased songs. The reissue debuted at number six on the ''Billboard''
Catalog Albums Catalog Albums, previously Top Pop Catalog Albums, is a 50-position weekly albums chart produced by ''Billboard'' magazine which ranks the best-selling catalog albums in the United States, regardless of genre. ''Billboard'' defines a catalog titl ...
chart and achieved a perfect score on the aggregate review website
Metacritic Metacritic is an American website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, music albums, video games, and formerly books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created ...
. In 2011, Cuomo published a book, ''The Pinkerton Diaries'', which collects his writings from the era, including lyrics, studio notes, journals, emails, letters, and essays. It was sold with the compilation album ''Alone III: The Pinkerton Years'', compiling demos recorded between 1993 and 1996, when Cuomo was writing material for ''Pinkerton'' and ''Songs from the Black Hole''. In May 2016, ''Pinkerton'' was reissued on vinyl by the record subscription service Vinyl Me, Please. The album was pressed on "dark blue translucent vinyl with black marbling" and was packaged in a custom sleeve with pop-out art, a custom lyric sheet, artwork by the Japanese painter Fuco Ueda, and a
sake Sake, , or saki, also referred to as Japanese rice wine, is an alcoholic beverage of Japanese origin made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran. Despite the name ''Japanese rice wine'', sake, and indeed any East Asi ...
cocktail recipe.


Track listing


Personnel

Adapted from the
liner notes Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found on the sleeves of LP record albums and in booklets that come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or cassette j-cards. Origin Liner notes are descended from the prog ...
. Weezer *
Rivers Cuomo Rivers Cuomo ( ; born June 13, 1970) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of the rock band Weezer. Cuomo was born in New York City and raised in several Buddhist communities in the northeaste ...
 – vocals, guitar, keyboards, glockenspiel, clarinet, production *
Patrick Wilson Patrick Joseph Wilson (born July 3, 1973) is an American actor. He began his career in 1995, starring in Broadway theatre, Broadway musicals. He received nominations for two Tony Awards for his roles in ''The Full Monty (musical), The Full Mont ...
 – drums, production *
Brian Bell Brian Lane Bell (born December 9, 1968) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, backing vocalist, and occasional lead vocalist of the Rock music, rock band Weezer, with whom he has ...
– guitar, vocals, production *
Matt Sharp Matthew Kelly Sharp (born September 22, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Until 1998, he was the bassist for the Rock music, rock band Weezer, which he co-founded in 1992. He appears on their first two albums, the ''Weezer (B ...
 – bass, vocals, production Additional musicians * Karl Koch – percussion on "Butterfly" Technical personnel *
Joe Barresi Joe Barresi (nicknamed "Evil Joe") is an American record engineer and producer who has worked with Kyuss, The Melvins, Tool, Chevelle, Apocalyptica, Queens of the Stone Age, Coheed and Cambria, Tomahawk, L7, The Jesus Lizard, Parkway Drive ...
 – engineer * Billy Bowers – engineer * Jim Champagne – engineer * David Dominguez – engineer *
Greg Fidelman Greg Fidelman (born September 4, 1965) is an American record mixer, engineer and record producer. He is a frequent collaborator of producer Rick Rubin, and has worked with many bands in various genres, including Metallica, Black Sabbath, Slipkno ...
 – engineer *
Dave Fridmann David Lawrence Fridmann is an American record producer and musician. Career From 1990 onwards he co-produced most releases by Mercury Rev and The Flaming Lips. Other bands he has worked with include Weezer, Saxon Shore (band), Saxon Shore, Neon ...
 – engineer *
Hiroshige or , born Andō Tokutarō (; 1797 – 12 October 1858), was a Japanese ''ukiyo-e'' artist, considered the last great master of that tradition. Hiroshige is best known for his horizontal-format landscape series '' The Fifty-three Stations ...
 – cover art * Rob Jacobs – engineer *
Spike Jonze Adam Spiegel (born October 22, 1969), known professionally as Spike Jonze (), is an American Filmmaking, filmmaker, actor, musician, and photographer. His work includes films, commercials, music videos, skateboard videos and television. Jonze ...
 – photography *
Adam Kasper Adam Kasper is an American, Seattle area record producer and engineer, with platinum and gold awards, working with such bands as Aerosmith, Mudhoney, Nirvana, Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age, The Tragically Hip, R.E.M., Soundgarden and Pea ...
 – engineer * Karl Koch – webmaster *
George Marino George Marino (April 15, 1947June 4, 2012) was an American mastering engineer known for working on albums by rock bands starting in the late 1960s. Biography Marino was born on April 15, 1947, in the New York City borough The Bronx. He attended ...
 – mastering * Dan McLaughlin – engineer *
Shawn Everett Shawn Everett (born July 6, 1982) is a Canadian music engineer and producer best known for his work with Alabama Shakes, Kacey Musgraves, The War on Drugs, The Killers, and Julian Casablancas. Everett has won six Grammy Awards. Early life Ev ...
 – engineer, mixer *
Clif Norrell Clif Norrell is an American record producer, recording engineer, music mixer, and musician. He has worked with many prominent artists including Bruce Springsteen, R.E.M., Jeff Buckley, No Doubt, Rush, Faith No More, Shania Twain, Mick Jagger, D ...
 – engineer *
Jack Joseph Puig Jack Joseph Puig is an American audio engineer, record executive, and record producer. He has worked with Tonic, Hole, Jellyfish, The Black Crowes, John Mayer, Weezer, Fiona Apple, Roger Hodgson, Taxiride, Green Day, Counting Crows, No Dou ...
 – engineer, mixing * Jim Rondinelli – engineer * Janet Wolsborn – art assistant * Tod Sullivan – A&R


Charts


Weekly charts


Year-end charts


Certifications


References


Works cited

* *


External links

*
Pinkerton
' at
YouTube YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in ...
(streamed copy where licensed) * {{Authority control 1996 albums Albums recorded at Electric Lady Studios DGC Records albums Geffen Records albums Weezer albums Emo albums by American artists 1990s concept albums Albums recorded at Sound City Studios