Magadan ( rus, Магадан, p=məɡɐˈdan) is a

port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manch ...

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and the

administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...

Magadan Oblast Magadan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Russian Far East, Far East region of the country, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Magadan ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. The city is located on the

isthmus An isthmus (; : isthmuses or isthmi) is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea count ...

of the Staritsky Peninsula by the

Nagaev Bay Nagaev Bay or Nagayev Bay (), also known as Nagayeva Bay, is a bay within Taui Bay in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, Magadan Oblast, Russia. Geography It is 6.4 km (4 mi) wide at its entrance and 14.5 km (9 mi) long.United States. (19 ...

; it serves as a gateway to the

Kolyma Kolyma (, ) or Kolyma Krai () is a historical region in the Russian Far East that includes the basin of Kolyma River and the northern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the Kolyma Mountains (the watershed of the two). It is bounded to ...

region. Magadan, founded in 1929, was a major transit centre for political prisoners during the

Stalin era Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

and the administrative centre of the

Dalstroy Dalstroy (, ), also known as Far North Construction Trust, was an organization set up in 1931 in order to manage road construction and the mining of gold in the Russian Far East, including the Magadan Region, Chukotka, parts of Yakutia and parts ...

forced-labor gold-mining operation. The town later served as a port for exporting gold and other metals. Magadan plays a significant role in transportation with the

Port of Magadan The Port of Magadan () is a maritime port in the city of Magadan, Magadan Oblast, Russia, located in the Nagaev Bay on the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The port has 13 berths, of which 3 are for oil products, container 2, and 8 for othe ...

and

Sokol Airport The Sokol Airport, formally Vladimir Vysotsky International Airport () is an airport in Sokol in Magadan Oblast, Russia. The airport is located 50 km (31 mi) north of the Magadan city center. The airport is sometimes confused with D ...

. The local economy relies on gold mining and fisheries, although gold production has declined. The town has various cultural institutions and religious establishments, such as the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic

Church of the Nativity The Church of the Nativity, or Basilica of the Nativity, is a basilica located in Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine. The grotto holds a prominent religious significance to Christianity, Christians of various denominations as the Nativity of Jesus, ...

. The Mask of Sorrow memorial commemorates Stalin's victims. Magadan experiences a subarctic climate with prolonged and cold winters, causing the soil to remain permanently frozen.

History

The settlement of Magadan was founded in 1929 in the

Ola Ola may refer to: Places Panama *Olá, a subdistrict in Coclé Province * Olá District Russia *Ola, Russia, an urban settlement in Magadan Oblast * Ola District, an administrative division in Magadan Oblast * Ola (river), a river in Magadan ...

river valley,Vazhenin, p. 4 near the settlement of Nagayevo. During the

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

era, Magadan was a major transit centre for inmates sent to

Gulag The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of runnin ...

forced labour camp A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especi ...

s. From 1932 to 1953, it was the administrative centre of the

organisation—a vast forced-labour gold-mining operation and forced-labour camp system. The first director of Dalstroy was Eduard Berzin, who between 1932 and 1937 established the infrastructure of the forced labour camps in Magadan. Berzin was executed in 1938 by Stalin, towards the end of the

Great Purge The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (), also known as the Year of '37 () and the Yezhovshchina ( , ), was a political purge in the Soviet Union that took place from 1936 to 1938. After the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, assassination of ...

. The town later served as a port for exporting gold and other metals mined in the Kolyma region. Its size and population grew quickly as facilities were rapidly developed for the expanding mining activities in the area. Town status was granted to it on July 14, 1939. Magadan was visited by U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace in May 1944. He took an instant liking to his

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...

host, admired handiwork done by the enslaved political prisoners, and later glowingly called the town a combination of

Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned electric utility corporation in the United States. TVA's service area covers all of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small areas of Georgia, North Carolin ...

and

Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), originally the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading Into Hudson’s Bay, is a Canadian holding company of department stores, and the oldest corporation in North America. It was the owner of the ...

Administrative and municipal status

Magadan is the

of the

.Law #1292-OZ Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

s of

Sokol Sokol, Sokół or SOKOL may refer to: Sports * Sokol movement, a Pan-Slavic physical education movement, and its various incarnations: ** Czech Sokol movement, the original one ** Polish Sokół movement ** Russian Sokol movement ** Sokol mov ...

and Uptar, incorporated as the " town of oblast significance of Magadan"—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Magadan is incorporated as Magadan Urban Okrug.Law #489-OZ

Economy and infrastructure

Transport

Kolyma_road01010038.jpg,

R504 Kolyma Highway The R504 Kolyma Highway (, ''Federal'naya Avtomobil'naya Doroga «Kolyma»,'' "Federal Automobile Highway 'Kolyma'"), part of the M56 route, is a road through the Russian Far East. It connects Magadan with the town of Nizhny Bestyakh, located ...

near Magadan Russian route R-504 map.svg,

Magadan-port.jpg,

Весенний аэропорт Магадан.jpg,

Магадан._Депо.jpg, former Train Station of Magadan-Palatka line The

is the second largest

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manc ...

in the North-East of Russia after

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It is located in the Far East of the country and lies along the coast of Avacha Bay by the Pacific Ocean, nearby Khalaktyrskoye Lake. As of the 202 ...

located on

and

Sea of Okhotsk The Sea of Okhotsk; Historically also known as , or as ; ) is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the sou ...

. It operates all year round with the help of icebreakers. There is currently no operating railway in Magadan. However, the Magadan-Palatka line was operational between 1941 and 1956. Russian Railways are considering the possibility of building a railway from the

Nizhny Bestyakh Nizhny Bestyakh (; , ''Allaraa Besteex'') is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Megino-Kangalassky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the east bank of the Lena River, opposite the republic's capital city of Yakutsk, ...

of the Amur-Yakutsk railway to Magadan by 2035, which will contribute to the development of an area with huge mineral deposits. Magadan is the final destination of the federal highway

, which connects the region with

Yakutia Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia, and the largest federal subject of Russia by area. It is located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million ...

and other parts of Russia. Anadyr Highway, currently under construction, will provide access to

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Chukotka ( ; ), officially the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is the easternmost federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia. It is an Autonomous okrugs of Russia, autonomous okrug situated in the Russian Far East, and shares a border wi ...

and Magadan-13 airport provide access to air transport for numerous destinations in Russia with the former being for big aircraft and the latter is mainly for small aircraft. Magadan is also the home of the Magadan/Sokol

Flight Information Region In aviation, a flight information region (FIR) is a specified region of airspace in which a flight information service, an alerting service (ALRS), and an area control centre are provided. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) dele ...

(FIR) and Magadan Oceanic FIR, which controls the Northeastern part of the Russia and its Arctic airspace. Most of the westbound

transpacific flight A transpacific flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Pacific Ocean from Australasia, East and Southeast Asia to North America, South America, or ''vice versa''. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, balloons and other t ...

s from North America to Asia will use those FIRs.

Economy

The principal sources of income for the local economy are gold mining and fisheries. By 2007, gold production had declined. Fishing production declined and was well below the allocated quotas, apparently as a result of an aging fishing fleet. Other local industries include pasta and sausage plants, and a distillery. Although farming is difficult owing to the harsh climate, there are many public and private farming enterprises.

Other

The

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...

wrote a report on Ship Repair Yard No. 2 near Magadan in June 1965. Magadan was repeatedly reported as a base for the Soviet Navy during the Cold War.

Culture and religion

Culture

Магадан кинотеатр «Горняк».jpg, Gornyak Cinema Магаданская научная библиотека им. А. С. Пушкина.jpg, Pushkin Library Magadan, theater, pic1.jpg, Magadan Theatre Laika ac View from the Hotel Magadan (6457750839).jpg, Magadan Hotel Политехникум Магадан.jpg, Polytechnic Magadan It has a number of cultural institutions, including the Regional Museum of Anthropology, a geological museum, a regional library and a university. '' Magadanskaya Pravda'' is the main newspaper. The town figures prominently in the

gulag The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of runnin ...

literature of

Varlam Shalamov Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov (; 18 June 1907 – 17 January 1982), baptized as Varlaam, was a Russian writer, journalist, poet and Gulag survivor. He spent much of the period from 1937 to 1951 imprisoned in forced-labor camps in the Arctic reg ...

and in the eponymous song by

Mikhail Krug Mikhail Vladimirovich Vorobyov (), known professionally as Mikhail Krug (aka Michael the Circle) (), was a Russian singer. Krug was one of the most popular singers of the style of music known as ''blatnaya pesnya'' or Russian chanson, a genre of ...

. Actor of film and stage

Georgiy Zhzhonov Georgiy Stepanovich Zhzhonov (, ; 22 March 1915 – 8 December 2005), was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor and writer. He is known for playing the spy Mikhail Tulyev in the "Resident" quartet of films, '' Beware of the Car'' (1966), '' ...

worked at Magadan Theatre for two years after being released from a gulag in May 1945. Magadan was home to a Soviet and Russian rock group founded there in 1986. The town was a focal point of the ''

Long Way Round ''Long Way Round'' (''LWR'') is a British television series and book documenting the journey of Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman from London to New York City on motorcycles. They travelled eastwards through Europe and Asia, flew to Alaska, a ...

'' TV series of a motorcycle journey made by

Ewan McGregor Ewan Gordon McGregor ( ; born 31 March 1971) is a Scottish actor. His accolades include a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award. In 2013, he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to drama and ...

Charley Boorman Charley Boorman (born 23 August 1966) is a British television presenter, travel writer and actor. A motorbike enthusiast, Boorman has made four long-distance motorcycle rides with his friend Ewan McGregor, documented in '' Long Way Round'' (20 ...

and their team in 2004.

Religion

Валаам - Гефсиманский скит.jpg, Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh Магаданский Троицкий собор. Фасад.jpg, Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity Собор Святого Духа в Магадане.png, Cathedral of the Holy Spirit Magadan-church-winter.jpg,

The town features the recent

Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...

Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity (completed in 2008), and the

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

(completed in 2002), among others.

Memorials

Laika ac Magadan (6457749985).jpg, Magadan Coat of Arms Laika ac Lenin in Magadan (6457761441).jpg, Lenin monument (2011) Мемориальный_комплекс_жертвам_политических_репрессий.jpg, Mask of Sorrow Магадан, парк, памятник Ленину - panoramio.jpg, Lenin monument (2008) The Mask of Sorrow memorial, a large sculpture in memory of Stalin's victims, was designed by

Ernst Neizvestny Ernst Iosifovich Neizvestny (; 9 April 1925 – 9 August 2016) was a Russian sculptor, painter, graphic artist, and art philosopher. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1976 and lived and worked in New York City. American playwright Arthur Miller once ...

. The Church of the Nativity ministers to survivors of the labor camps. It is staffed by several priests and nuns.

Sport

Чаша. Марчеканская сопка.jpg, skiing in Marchekanskaya Магадан Дворец спорта.jpg, Magadan Palace of Sports

Geography

The , a 192 km long river flowing to the

, passes the city. The city is located on the isthmus of the Staritsky Peninsula by the

. magadan, Gertner Bay.jpg, View of Gertner Bay, Cape Red and Kekurny Island Freezing_the_waters_of_the_Sea_of_Okhotsk._Magadan.jpg, Nagaev Bay Каменный_венец_в_профиль.jpg, Gorokhovoe Pole Laika ac Magadan beach (6457763827).jpg, Magadan beach, July 2011 Ecologically situated in the Northeast Siberian taiga, the town's arboreal flora is made up of

conifer Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a sin ...

trees, such as

fir Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus ''Abies'' () in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genu ...

s and

larch Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus ''Larix'', of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae). Growing from tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high la ...

es, and

silver birch ''Betula pendula'', commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch, or East Asian white birch, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found ...

es. The city is surrounded by mountains to the west and northeast.

Permafrost Permafrost () is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two years or more; the oldest permafrost has been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years. Whilst the shallowest permafrost has a vertical extent of below ...

and

tundra In physical geography, a tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: #Arctic, Arctic, Alpine tundra, Alpine, and #Antarctic ...

cover most of the region. The growing season is only one hundred days long. The city of Magadan is on the same longitude as the suburbs of

Greater Western Sydney Greater Western Sydney (GWS) is a large region of the metropolitan area of Greater Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia that generally embraces the north-west, south-west, central-west, far western and the Blue Mountains sub-regions with ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

, which lie on the eastern end of the

150th meridian east Fifteen or 15 may refer to: *15 (number) *one of the years 15 BC, AD 15, 1915, 2015 Music *Fifteen (band), a punk rock band Albums * ''15'' (Buckcherry album), 2005 * ''15'' (Ani Lorak album), 2007 * ''15'' (Phatfish album), 2008 * ...

line, bordering the 151st meridian and is on the same latitude as Southern

Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...

, and the far north of

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

Climate

The

climate Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteoro ...

of Magadan is

subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cair ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

''Dfc''). Winters are prolonged and very cold, with up to six months of sub-zero high

temperatures Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a subst ...

, so that the

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from ''soil'' by re ...

remains permanently frozen; although they are still much milder than those of interior eastern Siberia. Average temperatures on the coast of the

range from in January to in July. Average temperatures in the interior range from in January to in July. Due to the wet nature of October and November, a snowpack is built up early, which then lasts throughout the winter even while the influence from the

Siberian High The Siberian High (also Siberian Anticyclone; (''Aziatsky antitsiklon''); zh, 西伯利亞高壓; Pinyin ''Xībólìyǎ gāoyā''; Kazakh Азия антициклоны (''Aziya antitsiklonı'')) is a massive collection of cold dry air that a ...

lowers precipitation throughout those months. *Highest temperature: on July 15, 2021 *Lowest temperature: on December 20, 1995 *Warmest month: in July, 2009 *Coldest month: in January, 1933 *Warmest year: in 2017 *Coldest year: in 1967 *Highest daily Precipitation: in July, 2014 *Wettest month: in July, 2014 *Wettest year: in 1950 *Driest year: in 1947

Education

* North-Eastern State University ( СВГУ, formerly Northern International University) The University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) offers a scholarship to full-time students from Magadan as a part of thei
sister city tuition costs

Notable people

Anton Belyaev Anton Vadimovich Belyaev (born September 18, 1979) is a Russian singer, musician, composer, and producer, best known as the leader and frontman of the Russian band Therr Maitz. Belyaev gained recognition as a semi-finalist on the Russian versi ...

(b. 1979), musician, lead singer of Therr Maitz *

Anya Garnis Anna "Anya" Garnis ( Russian: Анна "Аня" Гарнис; born May 26, 1982) is a Latvian ballroom dancer based in New York City. In 2007 she was a contestant on the American reality television show '' So You Think You Can Dance.'' In 200 ...

(b. 1982), professional dancer, raised in Magadan, but not born there. * Nikolai Getman (1917–2004), artist * Dimitry Ipatov (b. 1984), ski jumper * Inna Korobkina (b. 1981), actress *

Vadim Kozin Vadim Alekseyevich Kozin (March 21, 1903 – December 19, 1994) was a Russian tenor, songwriter. Vadim Alekseyevich Kozin was born the son of a merchant in Saint Petersburg to Alexei Gavrilovich Kozin and Vera Ilinskaya in 1903. His mother was ...

(1903–1994), tenor * Nina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), artist *

Sasha Luss Aleksandra "Sasha" Alexeyevna Luss () is a Russian-American fashion model and actress best known for portraying the titular character in the 2019 action thriller film ''Anna (2019 feature film), Anna''. Early life Luss was born in Magadan, M ...

(b. 1992), fashion model * Gena Marvin (b. 2000s), performance artist *

Viktor Rybakov Viktor Grigorievich Rybakov () (born May 28, 1956 in Magadan) is a retired boxer, who represented the USSR twice at the Summer Olympics during his career as an Olympian. He won the bronze medal in the bantamweight division (– 54 ...

(b. 1956), former European amateur boxing champion *

Pavel Vinogradov Pavel Vladimirovich Vinogradov (; born 31 August 1953 in Magadan, USSR) is a former cosmonaut and commander of the International Space Station. He has flown into space three times, aboard Mir and the International Space Station, and was one of t ...

(b. 1953), cosmonaut * Yelena Vyalbe (b. 1968), Olympic cross-country skier

Twin towns and sister cities

Magadan is twinned with: *

Anchorage Anchorage, officially the Municipality of Anchorage, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alaska. With a population of 291,247 at the 2020 census, it contains nearly 40 percent of the state's population. The Anchorage metropolita ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

(1991) *

Tonghua Tonghua ( zh, s=通化 , p=Tōnghuà) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It borders North Korea's Chagang Province to the south and southeast, Baishan to the east, Jilin City to the north, ...

Jilin ) , image_skyline = Changbaishan Tianchi from western rim.jpg , image_alt = , image_caption = View of Heaven Lake , image_map = Jilin in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_al ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

(1992) * Zlatitsa,

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

(2012) *

Shuangyashan Shuangyashan ( zh, s=双鸭山, p=Shuāngyāshān, t=雙鴨山) is a coal mining prefecture-level city located in the eastern part Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, bordering Russia's Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais to the east. T ...

(2013) *In 2022

Jelgava Jelgava () is a state city in central Latvia. It is located about southwest of Riga. It is the largest town in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Jelgava was the capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1578–1795) and was the ad ...

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

(2006) suspended the cooperation agreements with Magadan due to the

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

.Jelgava suspends cooperation agreement with twin cities Magadan (Russia) and Baranovichi (Belarus)
/ref>

References

Notes

Sources

* * * * * * Ryszard Kapuscinski, ''Imperium'', Granta, 2019, *McGregor, E & Boorman, C: ''Long Way Round''.

Time Warner Books Hachette Book Group, Inc. (HBG) is a publishing company owned by Hachette Livre, the largest publishing company in France, and the third largest trade and educational publisher in the world. Hachette Livre is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lagardè ...

, 2004. *David J. Nordlander: ''Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s'', Slavic Review, Vol. 57, No. 4 (Winter, 1998), pp. 791–812

External links

* * *Б. П. Важенин (B. P. Vazhenin). "Магадан: к историческим истокам названия" (''Magadan: The Historical Sources of Its Name''). Российская академия наук, Дальневосточное отделение. Магадан, 2003.
Map of Magadan
* Documentary ''*** GOLD*** - lost in Siberia'
GOLD - lost in Siberia / GOUD - vergeten in Siberië / ЗОЛОТО/БОЛЬ - потеряно в Сибири (1994)
by Gerard Jacobs and Theo Uittenbogaard (VPRO/The Netherlands/1994) was filmed in the summer of 1993 in Magadan, along the ''Road of Bones'', through Ust-Umshug and Susuman and at the Sverovostok Zoloto gold mine, Siberia, by the first foreign film crew ever, visiting the Kolyma District -which had been under control of the Soviet secret service-, under the company name Dalstroj, for over 60 years.
The road up to the Kolyma river.
Documentary: repressed in Magadan recall. To watch the video. {{Use mdy dates, date=December 2011 Cities and towns in Magadan Oblast Port cities and towns in Russia Populated coastal places in Russia Sea of Okhotsk Russian Far East Russian and Soviet Navy bases Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union Populated places established in 1929 1929 establishments in Russia 1929 establishments in the Soviet Union