Events

Pre-1600

324 __NOTOC__ Year 324 ( CCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus (or, less frequently, year 1077 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denominati ...

–

Battle of Adrianople The Battle of Adrianople also known as Battle of Hadrianopolis was fought between the Eastern Roman army led by the Roman emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) ...

Constantine I Constantine I (27 February 27222 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He played a Constantine the Great and Christianity, pivotal ro ...

defeats

Licinius Valerius Licinianus Licinius (; Ancient Greek, Greek: Λικίνιος; c. 265 – 325) was Roman emperor from 308 to 324. For most of his reign, he was the colleague and rival of Constantine I, with whom he co-authored the Edict of Milan that ...

, who flees to

Byzantium Byzantium () or Byzantion () was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium'' continued to be used as a n ...

. * 987 –

Hugh Capet Hugh Capet (; ; 941 – 24 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996. He is the founder of and first king from the House of Capet. The son of the powerful duke Hugh the Great and his wife Hedwige of Saxony, he was elected as t ...

is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in

1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. * February 18 – Thomas Holcrof ...

. *

1035 Year 1035 (Roman numerals, MXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 23 – Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of Ki ...

–

William the Conqueror William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was D ...

becomes the

Duke of Normandy In the Middle Ages, the duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France. The duchy arose out of a grant of land to the Viking leader Rollo by the French king Charles the Simple in 911. In 924 and again in 933, N ...

, reigning until 1087.

1601–1900

1608 Events January–March *January 2 – The first of the Jamestown supply missions returns to the Colony of Virginia with Christopher Newport commanding the ''John and Francis'' and the ''Phoenix'' bringing about 100 new settlers to ...

–

Québec City Quebec City is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth -lar ...

is founded by

Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; 13 August 1574#Fichier]For a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see #Ritch, RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December ...

. * 1754 –

French and Indian War The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of France, France, along with their respective Native Americans in the United States, Native American ...

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces. *

1767 Events January–March * January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...

–

Pitcairn Island Pitcairn Island is the only inhabited island of the Pitcairn Islands, in the southern Pacific Ocean, of which many inhabitants are descendants of mutineers of HMS ''Bounty''. Geography The island is of volcanic origin, with a rugged cliff ...

is discovered by

Midshipman A midshipman is an officer of the lowest Military rank#Subordinate/student officer, rank in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Royal Cana ...

Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by

Philip Carteret Rear-Admiral Philip Carteret, Seigneur of Trinity (22 January 1733 – 21 July 1796) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who participated in two of the British navy's circumnavigation expeditions in 1764–66 and 1766–69. Biography Carte ...

. * 1767 –

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

's oldest newspaper still in print, ''

Adresseavisen (; commonly known as ''Adressa'') is a regional newspaper published daily, except Sundays, in Trondheim, Norway. The paper has been in circulation since 1767 and is one of the oldest newspapers in Norway after Norske Intelligenz-Seddeler which ...

'', is founded and the first edition is published. *

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...

–

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...

takes command of the

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies representing the Thirteen Colonies and later the United States during the American Revolutionary War. It was formed on June 14, 1775, by a resolution passed by the Second Continental Co ...

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...

. *

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...

– American Revolutionary War: The Iroquois, allied with Britain, killed 360 people in the

Wyoming Valley massacre The Battle of Wyoming, also known as the Wyoming Massacre, was a military engagement during the American Revolutionary War between Patriot militia and a force of Loyalist soldiers and Iroquois warriors. The battle took place in the Wyoming Valle ...

. *

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

– The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens. *

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...

– The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's

Framingham State University Framingham State University (Framingham State or FSU) is a public university in Framingham, Massachusetts. The university, then known as the Normal School in Lexington was founded in 1839 as the first state-supported normal school in the United ...

, opens in

Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The area was originally inhabited by ...

with three students. *

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

– Governor-General Peter von Scholten emancipates all remaining slaves in the Danish West Indies. *

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series (France), Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisc ...

– France invades the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...

and restores the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

. *

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come to ...

– Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

. *

1863 Events January * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing ...

–

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

: The final day of the

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was a three-day battle in the American Civil War, which was fought between the Union and Confederate armies between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle, won by the Union, ...

culminates with

Pickett's Charge Pickett's Charge was an infantry assault on July 3, 1863, during the Battle of Gettysburg. It was ordered by Confederate General Robert E. Lee as part of his plan to break through Union lines and achieve a decisive victory in the North. T ...

. *

1866 Events January * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troops clash ...

–

Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War (German: ''Preußisch-Österreichischer Krieg''), also known by many other names,Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Second War of Unification, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), ''Deutsc ...

is decided at the

Battle of Königgrätz The Battle of Königgrätz (or Sadowa) was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. It took place on 3 July 1866, near the Bohemian city of Hradec Králové (German: Königgrä ...

, enabling Prussia to exclude Austria from German affairs. *

1884 Events January * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera '' Princess Ida'', a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy The ...

–

Dow Jones & Company Dow Jones & Company, Inc. (also known simply as Dow Jones) is an American publishing firm owned by News Corp, and led by CEO Almar Latour. The company publishes ''The Wall Street Journal'', '' Barron's'', '' MarketWatch'', ''Mansion Global'' ...

publishes its first stock average. *

1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...

–

Karl Benz Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automo ...

officially unveils the

Benz Patent-Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German engineer Karl Benz, is widely regarded as the first practical automobile and was the first car put into production. It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public ...

, the first purpose-built automobile. * 1886 – The ''

New-York Tribune The ''New-York Tribune'' (from 1914: ''New York Tribune'') was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley. It bore the moniker ''New-York Daily Tribune'' from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name. From the 1840s ...

'' becomes the first newspaper to use a

linotype machine The Linotype machine ( ) is a "line casting" machine used in printing which is manufactured and sold by the former Mergenthaler Linotype Company and related It was a hot metal typesetting system that cast lines of metal type for one-time use. Li ...

, eliminating

typesetting Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical ''type'' (or ''sort'') in mechanical systems or '' glyphs'' in digital systems representing '' characters'' (letters and other ...

by hand. *

1890 Events January * January 1 – The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa. * January 2 – Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House. * January 11 – 1890 British Ultimatum: The Uni ...

–

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

is admitted as the 43rd

U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...

. *

1898 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queen ...

– A Spanish squadron, led by

Pascual Cervera y Topete Admiral (rank), Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete (18 February 1839 – 3 April 1909) was a Spanish Navy officer and politician who served in a number of high-ranking positions within the Navy and fought in several wars during the 19th century. Ha ...

, is defeated by an American squadron under William T. Sampson in the

Battle of Santiago de Cuba The Battle of Santiago de Cuba was a decisive naval engagement that occurred on July 3, 1898 between an United States, American fleet, led by William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley, against a Restoration (Spain), Spanish fleet led by Pascu ...

1901–present

1913 Events January * January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city. * January 3 &ndash ...

–

Confederate A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...

veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact

; upon reaching the

high-water mark of the Confederacy The high-water mark of the Confederacy or high tide of the Confederacy refers to an area on Cemetery Ridge near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, marking the farthest point reached by Confederate forces during Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863. Similar t ...

they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors. *

1938 Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...

– World speed record for a

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, Fuel oil, oil or, rarely, Wood fuel, wood) to heat ...

is set in England, by the ''

Mallard The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa. It has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Arge ...

'', which reaches a speed of . * 1938 – United States President

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served ...

dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at

Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first shot & at Knoxlyn Ridge ...

. *

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...

–

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

: The Royal Navy attacks the French naval squadron in Algeria, to ensure that it will not fall under German control. Of the four French battleships present, one is sunk, two are damaged, and one escapes back to France. *

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...

– World War II: The

Minsk Offensive The Minsk offensive () was part of the second phase of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the Red Army in summer 1944, commonly known as Operation Bagration. The Red Army encircled the German 4th Army (Wehrmacht), Fourth Army in the city of ...

clears German troops from the city. *

1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...

– The

Constitution of Puerto Rico The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico () is the primary organizing law for the unincorporated U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, describing the duties, powers, structures and functions of the government of Puerto Rico in nine art ...

is approved by the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...

. * 1952 – The sets sail on her maiden voyage to

Southampton Southampton is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Hampshire, England. It is located approximately southwest of London, west of Portsmouth, and southeast of Salisbury. Southampton had a population of 253, ...

. During the voyage, the ship takes the

Blue Riband The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest Velocity, average speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until ...

away from the . *

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...

– The

Aden Emergency The Aden Emergency, also known as the 14 October Revolution () or as the Radfan Uprising, was an armed rebellion by the National Liberation Front (South Yemen), National Liberation Front (NLF) and the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South ...

: The

Battle of the Crater The Battle of the Crater took place during the American Civil War, part of the Siege of Petersburg. It occurred on Saturday, July 30, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee, and the Union ...

in which the British

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's) is a light infantry company (military unit), company (designated as Balaklava Company, 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland) and was a line infantry regiment of the British Army tha ...

retake the Crater district following the Arab Police mutiny. *

1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...

–

The Troubles The Troubles () were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted for about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed t ...

: The " Falls Curfew" begins in

Belfast Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel ...

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...

. * 1970 – Dan-Air Flight 1903 crashes into the Les Agudes mountain in the

Montseny Massif Montseny () is a mountain range west of the coastal hills north of Barcelona. It is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range. Features The Montseny massif is located within a triangle formed by the AP-7, C-17 and C-25 roads. It has the highest ...

near the village of

Arbúcies Arbúcies () is a village in the province of Girona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of with a population of 6481 in 2014. History Arbúcies was populated by the Iberians and later by the Romans. I ...

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

, killing all 112 people aboard. *

1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...

–

David Bowie David Robert Jones (8 January 194710 January 2016), known as David Bowie ( ), was an English singer, songwriter and actor. Regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, pa ...

retires his stage persona Ziggy Stardust with the surprise announcement that it is "the last show that we'll ever do" on the last day of the

Ziggy Stardust Tour The Ziggy Stardust Tour was a 1972–73 concert tour by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie, to promote the studio albums '' Hunky Dory'', '' The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars'' and '' Aladdin Sane''. Bowie was ...

. *

1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...

– U.S. President

Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...

signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul. *

1988 1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the Morris worm, 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United State ...

–

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...

warship shoots down

Iran Air Flight 655 Iran Air Flight 655 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Tehran to Dubai via Bandar Abbas that was shot down on 3July 1988 by two surface-to-air missiles fired by , a United States Navy warship. The missiles hit the Iran Air ...

over the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean seas, mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.Un ...

, killing all 290 people aboard. * 1988 – The

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge ("Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror Bridge"; , abbreviated as ''F.S.M. Köprüsü''), also known as the Second Bosphorus Bridge (), is a bridge in Istanbul, Turkey spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: ''Boğaziçi'') ...

in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the

Bosphorus The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...

. *

1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...

– British Prime Minister

John Major Sir John Major (born 29 March 1943) is a British retired politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. Following his defeat to Ton ...

announced the

Stone of Scone The Stone of Scone (; , meaning Stone of Destiny, also called clach-na-cinneamhuinn; ) is an oblong block of red sandstone that was used in the coronation of Scottish monarchs until the 13th century, and thereafter in the coronation of Englis ...

would be returned to Scotland. *

2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...

–

President of Egypt The president of the Arab Republic of Egypt () is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointer of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the History of the Egypt ...

Mohamed Morsi Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa Al-AyyatThe spellings of his first and last names vary. survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 2012removed from office by the

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...

after four days of protests all over the country calling for his resignation, to which he did not respond. The president of the

Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt The Supreme Constitutional Court (, ''Al Mahkama Al Dustūrīya El ‘Ulyā'') is an independent judicial body in Egypt, located in the Cairo suburb of Maadi. The Supreme Constitutional Court is the highest judicial authority in the Arab Republi ...

Adly Mansour Adly Mahmoud Mansour (, ; born 23 December 1945) is an Egyptian judge and politician who served as the president (or chief justice) of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He also served as interim president of Egypt from 4 July 2013 to 8 ...

, is declared acting president until further elections are held.

Births

Pre-1600

* 321 –

Valentinian I Valentinian I (; 32117 November 375), also known as Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. He ruled the Western Roman Empire, Western half of the empire, while his brother Valens ruled the Byzantine Empire, East. During his re ...

, Roman emperor (died 375) * 1423 –

Louis XI of France Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (), was King of France from 1461 to 1483. He succeeded his father, Charles VII. Louis entered into open rebellion against his father in a short-lived revolt known as the ...

(died 1483) * 1442 – Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (died 1500) * 1518 –

Li Shizhen Li Shizhen (July 3, 1518 – 1593), courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese acupuncturist, herbalist, naturalist, pharmacologist, physician, and writer of the Ming dynasty. He is the author of a 27-year work, the '' Compendium of Materia ...

, Chinese physician and mineralogist (died 1593) *

1530 Year 1530 ( MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1530th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 530th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 16th century, and the 1st ...

– Claude Fauchet, French historian and author (died 1601) *

1534 Year 1534 ( MDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 15 – The Parliament of England passes the '' Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession'', recognising the mar ...

–

Myeongjong of Joseon Myeongjong (; 13 July 1534 – 12 August 1567), personal name Yi Hwan (), was the 13th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Jungjong, born to Queen Munjeong. He ascended to the throne in 1545 at the age ...

, Ruler of Korea (died 1567) * 1550 –

Jacobus Gallus Jacobus Gallus (a.k.a. Jacob(us) Handl, Jacob(us) Händl; between 15 April and 31 July 155018 July 1591) was a late-Renaissance composer of presumed Slovene ethnicity.Skei/Pokorn, Grove online Born in Carniola, which at the time was one of the ...

, Slovenian composer (died 1591) *

1569 Year 1569 ( MDLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 — The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral for al ...

– Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (died 1635)

1601–1900

1683 Events January–March * January 5 – The Brandenburger-African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta tribe (in modern-day Ghana), to establish the fort and settlement ...

–

Edward Young Edward Young ( – 5 April 1765) was an English poet, best remembered for ''Night-Thoughts'', a series of philosophical writings in blank verse, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements. It was one of the most popular poem ...

, English poet, dramatist and literary critic (''

Night-Thoughts ''The Complaint: or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality'', better known simply as ''Night-Thoughts'', is a long poem by Edward Young published in nine parts (or "nights") between 1742 and 1745. It was illustrated with notable engr ...

'') (died 1765) *

1685 Events January–March * January 6 – American-born British citizen Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University in the U.S. is named, completes his term as the first leader of the Madras Presidency in India, administering the colony ...

–

Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet Field Marshal Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet (3 July 1685 – 1 February 1768) was a British Army officer and politician. As a junior officer he fought at the Battle of Schellenberg and at the Battle of Blenheim during the War of the Spanish Succe ...

, English field marshal and politician (died 1768) *

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

–

Robert Adam Robert Adam (3 July 17283 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (architect), William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and train ...

, Scottish-English architect, designed

Culzean Castle Culzean Castle ( , see yogh; ) is a castle overlooking the Firth of Clyde, near Maybole, Carrick, in South Ayrshire, on the west coast of Scotland. It is the former home of the Marquess of Ailsa, the chief of Clan Kennedy, but is now owned by ...

(died 1792) *

1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escapes ...

–

John Singleton Copley John Singleton Copley (July 3, 1738 – September 9, 1815) was an Anglo-American painter, active in both colonial America and England. He was believed to be born in Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley ...

, American painter (died 1815) *

–

Carl Ludvig Engel Carl Ludvig Engel or Johann Carl Ludwig Engel (3 July 1778 – 14 May 1840) was a German architect whose most noted work can be found in Helsinki, which he helped rebuild. His works include most of the buildings around the capital's monumental ce ...

, German architect (died 1840) *

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election ...

–

Johann Friedrich Overbeck Johann Friedrich Overbeck (3 July 1789 – 12 November 1869) was a German painter and a founder of the Nazarene art movement. Early life and education Overbeck was born in Lübeck in 1789. His family had been Protestant pastors for three genera ...

, German-Italian painter and engraver (died 1869) *

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French gar ...

– Ferdinand Didrichsen, Danish botanist and physicist (died 1887) *

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revoluti ...

–

Ahmed Vefik Pasha Ahmed Vefik Pasha () (3 July 1823 2 April 1891) was an Ottoman statesman, diplomat, scholar, playwright, and translator during the Tanzimat and First Constitutional Era periods. He was commissioned with top-rank governmental duties, including pr ...

, Greek-Ottoman statesman, diplomat, playwright, and translator (died 1891) *

1844 In the Philippines, 1844 had only 365 days, when Tuesday, December 31 was skipped as Monday, December 30 was immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845, the next day after. The change also applied to Caroline Islands, Guam, Marian ...

–

Dankmar Adler Dankmar Adler (July 3, 1844 – April 16, 1900) was a German-born American architect and civil engineer. He is best known for his fifteen-year partnership with Louis Sullivan, during which they designed influential skyscrapers that boldly addr ...

, German-born American architect and engineer (died 1900) *

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon betwee ...

– Achilles Alferaki, Russian composer and politician,

Governor of Taganrog The Governor of Taganrog () was the head of the Taganrog ''borough'' or ''governorate'' (incorporated municipality with privileges given by royal charter), between October 8, 1802 and May 19, 1887. Taganrog was also the center of uezd (including ...

(died 1919) *

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion in China, one of the bloodiest revolts that would lead to 20 million deaths. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-d ...

–

Charles Bannerman Charles Bannerman (3 July 1851 – 20 August 1930) was an English-born Australian cricketer. A right-handed batsman, he represented Australia in three Test matches between 1877 and 1879. At the domestic level, he played for the New South Wal ...

, English-Australian cricketer and umpire (died 1930) *

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Te ...

–

Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, Music theory, music theorist, Folkloristics, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian folk music, Moravian and other Slavs, Slavic music, includin ...

, Czech composer and theorist (died 1928) *

1860 Events January * January 2 – The astronomer Urbain Le Verrier announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcan at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 &ndas ...

–

Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman (; née Perkins; July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), also known by her first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American humanist, novelist, writer, lecturer, early sociologist, advocate for social reform ...

, American sociologist and author (died 1935) *

– Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (died 1906) *

1869 Events January * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's second oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – Elizabe ...

–

Svend Kornbeck Svend Kornbeck (3 July 1869 – 30 October 1933) was a Danish stage and film actor. Early life and career Kornbeck was born in Copenhagen, the son of painter Johan Peter Kornbeck (1837–1894) and his wife Anna Nathalie Kornbeck (''née'' Trolle ...

, Danish actor (died 1933) *

1870 Events January * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge be ...

– R. B. Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada () is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority of the elected House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons ...

(died 1947) *

1871 Events January–March * January 3 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Bapaume – Prussians win a strategic victory. * January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sout ...

– William Henry Davies, Welsh poet and writer (died 1940) *

1874 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx. * January 2 – Ignacio María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for the first time. * January 3 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Caspe &n ...

– Jean Collas, French rugby player and

tug of war Tug of war (also known as tug o' war, tug war, rope war, rope pulling, or tugging war) is a sport in which two teams compete by pulling on opposite ends of a rope, with the goal of bringing the rope a certain distance in one direction against ...

competitor (died 1928) *

1875 Events January * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the year (Third C ...

–

Ferdinand Sauerbruch Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch (; 3 July 1875 – 2 July 1951) was a German surgeon. His major work was on the use of negative-pressure chambers for surgery. Biography Sauerbruch was born in Barmen (now a district of Wuppertal), Germany. He st ...

, German surgeon and academic (died 1951) *

1876 Events January * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. *January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts. February * Febr ...

–

Ralph Barton Perry Ralph Barton Perry (July 3, 1876 – January 22, 1957) was an American philosopher. He was a strident moral idealist who stated in 1909 that, to him, idealism meant "to interpret life consistently with ethical, scientific, and metaphysical truth ...

, American philosopher and academic (died 1957) *

1878 Events January * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Russo-Turkish War: ...

–

George M. Cohan George Michael Cohan (July 3, 1878November 5, 1942) was an American entertainer, playwright, composer, lyricist, actor, singer, dancer and theatrical producer. Cohan began his career as a child, performing with his parents and sister in a vaudev ...

, American songwriter, actor, singer, and dancer (died 1942) *

1879 Events January * January 1 ** The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. ** Brahms' Violin Concerto is premiered in Leipzig with Joseph Joachim ...

–

Alfred Korzybski Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski (; ; July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American philosopher and independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, ...

, Polish-American mathematician, linguist, and philosopher (died 1950) *

1880 Events January *January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the incandescent light bulb. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." gr ...

–

Carl Schuricht Carl Adolph Schuricht (; 3 July 18807 January 1967) was a German conductor. Life and career Schuricht was born in Danzig (Gdańsk), German Empire; his father's family had been respected organ-builders. His mother, Amanda Wusinowska, a widow soo ...

, Polish-German conductor (died 1967) *

1883 Events January * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * January 16 – ...

–

Franz Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a novelist and writer from Prague who was Jewish, Austrian, and Czech and wrote in German. He is widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of Litera ...

, Czech-Austrian author (died 1924) *

1885 Events January * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 17 – Mahdist ...

–

Anna Dickie Olesen Anna Dickie Olesen (July 3, 1885 – May 21, 1971) was an American politician from the state of Minnesota who was the first woman to be nominated by a major party for the United States Senate. Early life Olesen was born in Cordova Township, Le ...

, American politician (died 1971) *

– Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral and diplomat,

United States Ambassador to the Philippines The Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of the Philippines () was established on July 4, 1946, after the Philippines gained its independence from the United States, as successor of the High Commissioner to the Philippines ...

(died 1969) *

1888 Events January * January 3 – The great telescope (with an objective lens of diameter) at Lick Observatory in California is first used. * January 12 – The Schoolhouse Blizzard hits Dakota Territory and the states of Montana, M ...

–

Ramón Gómez de la Serna Ramón Gómez de la Serna y Puig (July 3, 1888 – January 13, 1963), born in Madrid, was a Spanish writer, dramatist and avant-garde agitator. He strongly influenced surrealist film maker Luis Buñuel. Ramón Gómez de la Serna was especially ...

, Spanish author and playwright (died 1963) *

1889 Events January * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas ...

– Richard Cramer, American actor (died 1960) *1893 – Sándor Bortnyik, Hungarian painter and graphic designer (died 1976) *1896 – Doris Lloyd, English actress (died 1968) *1897 – Jesse Douglas, American mathematician and academic (died 1965) *

– Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (died 1982) *1900 – Alessandro Blasetti, Italian director and screenwriter (died 1987)

1901–present

*1901 – Ruth Crawford Seeger, American composer (died 1953) *1903 – Ace Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1992) *1905 – Johnny Gibson, American hurdler and coach (died 2006) * 1905 – Harald Kihle, Norwegian painter and illustrator (died 1997) *1906 – George Sanders, Russian-born British actor (died 1972) *1908 – M. F. K. Fisher, American author (died 1992) * 1908 – Robert B. Meyner, American lawyer and politician, 44th Governor of New Jersey (died 1990) *1909 – Stavros Niarchos, Greek shipping magnate (died 1996) *1910 – Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer (died 1954) *1911 – Joe Hardstaff Jr., English cricketer (died 1990) *

– Dorothy Kilgallen, American journalist, actress, and author (died 1965) *1916 – John Kundla, American basketball player and coach (died 2017) *1917 – João Saldanha, Brazilian footballer, manager, and journalist (died 1990) *1918 – S. V. Ranga Rao, Indian actor, director, and producer (died 1974) * 1918 – Johnny Palmer, American golfer (died 2006) *1919 – Cecil FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney (died 1998) * 1919 – Gerald W. Thomas, American soldier and academic (died 2013) *1920 – Eddy Paape, Belgian illustrator (died 2012) * 1920 – Paul O'Dea, American baseball player and manager (died 1978) * 1920 – Lennart Bladh, Swedish politician (died 2006) *1921 – Flor María Chalbaud, First Lady of Venezuela (died 2013) * 1921 – Susan Peters, American actress (died 1952) * 1921 – François Reichenbach, French director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1993) *1922 – Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, Belgian painter and sculptor (died 2010) * 1922 – Theo Brokmann Jr., Dutch football player (died 2003) *1924 – Amalia Aguilar, Cuban-Mexican film actress and dancer (died 2021) * 1924 – S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore (died 2016) *1925 – Terry Moriarty, Australian rules footballer (died 2011) * 1925 – Danny Nardico, American professional boxer (died 2010) * 1925 – Philip Jamison, American artist (died 2021) *1926 – Johnny Coles, American trumpet player (died 1997) * 1926 – Rae Allen, American actress, singer, and director (died 2022) * 1926 – Laurence Street, Australian jurist and former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales (died 2018) *1927 – Ken Russell, English actor, director, and producer (died 2011) * 1927 – Tim O'Connor (actor), Tim O'Connor, American actor (died 2018) *1928 – Evelyn Anthony, English author (died 2018) *1929 – Clément Perron, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1999) * 1929 – Joanne Herring, American socialite, businesswoman, political activist, philanthropist, diplomat, and television talk show host *1930 – Pete Fountain, American clarinet player (died 2016) * 1930 – Carlos Kleiber, German-Austrian conductor (died 2004) * 1930 – Tommy Tedesco, American guitarist (died 1997) *1932 – Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman (died 2014) *1933 – Edward Brandt, Jr., American physician and mathematician (died 2007) *1935 – Cheo Feliciano, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter (died 2014) * 1935 – Harrison Schmitt, American geologist, astronaut, and politician. List of Apollo astronauts#Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon, Twelfth man to walk on the moon. *1936 – Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill, English lawyer and politician (died 2020) * 1936 – Baard Owe, Norwegian-Danish actor (died 2017) *1937 – Nicholas Maxwell, English philosopher and academic * 1937 – Tom Stoppard, Czech-English playwright and screenwriter *

– Jean Aitchison, English linguist and academic * 1938 – Sjaak Swart, Dutch footballer *1939 – Brigitte Fassbaender, German soprano and director * 1939 – László Kovács (politician), László Kovács, Hungarian politician and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Hungary), Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1939 – Coco Laboy, Puerto Rican baseball player *

– Lamar Alexander, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Education * 1940 – Jerzy Buzek, Polish engineer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Poland * 1940 – Michael Cole (actor), Michael Cole, American actor (died 2024) * 1940 – Lance Larson, American swimmer (died 2024) * 1940 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (died 1994) *1941 – Gloria Allred, American lawyer and activist * 1941 – Liamine Zéroual, Algerian politician, 4th President of Algeria *1942 – Kevin Johnson (singer), Kevin Johnson, Australian singer-songwriter * 1942 – Eddy Mitchell, French singer-songwriter *1943 – Gary Waldhorn, British actor (died 2022) * 1943 – Judith Durham, Australian folk-pop singer-songwriter and musician (died 2022) * 1943 – Kurtwood Smith, American actor * 1943 – Norman E. Thagard, American astronaut *1945 – Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn, Scottish politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker of the House of Commons (died 2018) * 1946 – Johnny Lee (singer), Johnny Lee, American singer and guitarist * 1946 – Leszek Miller, Polish political scientist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Poland * 1946 – Michael Shea (author), Michael Shea, American author (died 2014) *1947 – Dave Barry, American journalist and author * 1947 – Betty Buckley, American actress and singer * 1947 – Mike Burton (swimmer), Mike Burton, American swimmer *1948 – Paul Barrere, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2019) * 1948 – Tarmo Koivisto, Finnish author and illustrator *1949 – Susan Penhaligon, English actress * 1949 – John Verity, English guitarist * 1949 – Johnnie Wilder, Jr., American singer (died 2006) * 1949 – Bo Xilai, Chinese politician, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Minister of Commerce *1950 – Ewen Chatfield, New Zealand cricketer * 1950 – James Hahn, American judge and politician, 40th Mayor of Los Angeles *1951 – Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian politician, 41st President of Haiti (died 2014) * 1951 – Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer *

– Laura Branigan, American singer-songwriter (died 2004) * 1952 – Lu Colombo, Italian singer * 1952 – Andy Fraser, English singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2015) * 1952 – Carla Olson, American singer-songwriter and music producer * 1952 – Wasim Raja, Pakistani cricketer (died 2006) * 1952 – Amit Kumar (singer), Amit Kumar, Indian film playback singer, actor, director, music director and musician *1953 – Lotta Sollander, Swedish alpine skier *1954 – Les Cusworth, English rugby player *1955 – Claude Rajotte, Canadian radio and television host *1956 – Montel Williams, American talk show host and television personality *1957 – Poly Styrene, British musician (died 2011) *1958 – Matthew Fraser (journalist), Matthew Fraser, Canadian-English journalist and academic * 1958 – Charlie Higson, English actor, singer, and author * 1958 – Siân Lloyd, Welsh meteorologist and journalist * 1958 – Didier Mouron, Swiss-Canadian painter * 1958 – Aaron Tippin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer *1959 – Julie Burchill, English journalist and author * 1959 – Ian Maxtone-Graham, American screenwriter and producer * 1959 – Stephen Pearcy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1959 – David Shore, Canadian screenwriter and producer *1960 – Vince Clarke, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer *1962 – Scott Borchetta, American record executive and entrepreneur * 1962 – Tom Cruise, American actor and producer * 1962 – Thomas Gibson, American actor and director *1963 – Tracey Emin, British Artist *1964 – Yeardley Smith, American actress, voice actress, comedian and writer *1965 – Shinya Hashimoto, Japanese wrestler (died 2005) * 1965 – Connie Nielsen, Danish-American actress * 1965 – Komsan Pohkong, Thai lawyer and academic * 1965 – Christophe Ruer, French pentathlete (died 2007) *1966 – Moisés Alou, American baseball player *

– Katy Clark, Scottish lawyer and politician *1968 – Ramush Haradinaj, Kosovo-Albanian soldier and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Kosovo *

– Serhiy Honchar, Ukrainian cyclist * 1970 – Audra McDonald, American actress and singer * 1970 – Teemu Selänne, Finnish ice hockey player *1971 – Julian Assange, Australian journalist, publisher, and activist, founded WikiLeaks * 1971 – Benedict Wong, English actor *

– Paul Rauhihi, New Zealand rugby league player * 1973 – Ólafur Stefánsson, Icelandic handball player * 1973 – Fyodor Tuvin, Russian footballer (died 2013) * 1973 – Patrick Wilson, American actor *1976 – Wade Belak, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2011) * 1976 – Henry Olonga, Zimbabwean cricketer and sportscaster * 1976 – Wanderlei Silva, Brazilian-American mixed martial artist * 1976 – Bobby Skinstad, Zimbabwean-South African rugby union player *1977 – David Bowens, American football player *1978 – Mizuki Noguchi, Japanese runner *

– Jamie Grove, English cricketer *1980 – Mazharul Haque, Bangladeshi cricketer (died 2013) * 1980 – Olivia Munn, American actress and television host * 1980 – Roland Schoeman, South African swimmer * 1980 – Harbhajan Singh, Indian cricketer *1983 – Edinson Vólquez, Dominican baseball player *1984 – Manny Lawson, American football player * 1984 – Churandy Martina, Dutch sprinter * 1984 – Corey Sevier, Canadian actor and producer *1986 – Marco Antônio de Mattos Filho, Brazilian footballer * 1986 – Kisenosato Yutaka, Japanese sumo wrestler *1987 – Sebastian Vettel, German race car driver *

– Winston Reid, New Zealand-Danish footballer * 1988 – Vladislav Sesganov, Russian figure skater * 1988 – James Troisi, Australian footballer *1989 – Danilo Cavalcante, Brazilian convicted murderer * 1989 – Mitchell Dodds, Australian rugby league player * 1989 – Elle King, American singer, songwriter, and actress *1990 – Nathan Gardner, Australian rugby league player * 1990 – Bobby Hopkinson, English footballer * 1990 – Lucas Mendes (footballer, born 1990), Lucas Mendes, Brazilian footballer * 1990 – Alison Riske-Amritraj, American tennis player *1991 – Alison Howie, Scottish field hockey player * 1991 – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Russian tennis player *1992 – Crystal Dunn, American soccer player *1993 – PartyNextDoor, Canadian singer-songwriter and record producer *1994 – Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1994), Chris Jones, American football player *

– Cole Tucker, American baseball player * 1996 – Alex Twal, Australian-Lebanese rugby league player *1997 – T. J. Hockenson, American football player *1998 – Kim Dong-han, South Korean singer *1999 – Nefisa Berberović, Bosnian tennis player

Deaths

Pre-1600

* 458 – Anatolius of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch and saint (born 449) * 710 – Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (born 656) * 896 – Dong Chang (warlord), Dong Chang, Chinese warlord * 964 – Henry I (archbishop of Trier), Henry I, Frankish Nobility, nobleman and archbishop *1090 – Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen (born c. 1060) *1288 – Stephen de Fulbourn, English-born Irish cleric and politician *1503 – Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes (born 1423) *1570 – Aonio Paleario, Italian academic and reformer (born 1500)

1601–1900

*1642 – Marie de' Medici, French queen consort and regent (born 1573) *1672 – Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist (born 1635) *1790 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French geologist and mineralogist (born 1736) *1795 – Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, French scholar and author (born 1714) * 1795 – Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general, astronomer, and politician, 1st List of colonial governors of Louisiana, Colonial Governor of Louisiana (born 1716) *1809 – Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (born 1746) *

– George Hull Ward, American general (born 1826) * 1863 – Little Crow, American tribal leader (born 1810) *1881 – Hasan Tahsini, Albanian astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (born 1811) *1887 – Clay Allison, American rancher (born 1841) *

– Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Vietnamese poet and author (born 1822)

1901–present

*1904 – Édouard Beaupré, Canadian giant and strongman (born 1881) * 1904 – Theodor Herzl, Austrian journalist, playwright, and father of modern political Zionism (born 1860) *1908 – Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist and author (born 1845) *1916 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman and financier (born 1834) *1918 – Mehmed V, Ottoman sultan (born 1844) *1921 – James Mitchel, Irish-American weight thrower (born 1864) *1927 – Gérard de Courcelles, French race car driver *1933 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian educator and politician, 19th President of Argentina (born 1852) *1935 – André Citroën, French engineer and businessman, founded the Citroën, Citroën Company (born 1878) *1937 – Jacob Schick, American-Canadian captain and businessman, invented the electric razor (born 1877) *1941 – Friedrich Akel, Estonian physician and politician, Head of State of Estonia (born 1871) *1954 – Siegfried Handloser, German physician and general (born 1895) * 1954 – Reginald Marsh (artist), Reginald Marsh, French-American painter, illustrator, and academic (born 1898) *1957 – Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player and manager (born 1890) * 1957 – Richard Mohaupt, German composer and Kapellmeister (born 1904) *1958 – Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, English politician, 4th Governor-General of New Zealand (born 1867) *1969 – Brian Jones, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (born 1942) *1971 – Jim Morrison, American singer-songwriter (born 1943) *1974 – John Crowe Ransom, American poet and critic (born 1888) *1977 – Alexander Volkov (writer), Alexander Volkov, Russian mathematician and author (born 1891) *1978 – James Daly (actor), James Daly, American actor (born 1918) *

– Louis Durey, French pianist and composer (born 1888) *1981 – Ross Martin, American actor and director (born 1920) *1985 – Frank J. Selke, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (born 1893) *1986 – Rudy Vallée, American singer, saxophonist, and actor (born 1901) *1989 – Jim Backus, American actor and voice artist (born 1913) *1993 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1936) *1994 – Lew Hoad, Australian tennis player and coach (born 1934) *1995 – Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (born 1928) * 1995 – Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1929) *1998 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American game designer and programmer (born 1949) *1999 – Mark Sandman, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1952) * 1999 – Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina, Russian mathematician (born 1899) *2001 – Mordecai Richler, Canadian author and screenwriter (born 1931) * 2001 – Johnny Russell (singer), Johnny Russell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1940) *2004 – Andriyan Nikolayev, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (born 1929) *2005 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1914) * 2005 – Gaylord Nelson, American lawyer and politician, 35th Governor of Wisconsin (born 1916) *2006 – Joseph Goguen, American computer scientist, developed the OBJ (programming language), OBJ programming language (born 1941) *2007 – Boots Randolph, American saxophonist (born 1927) *2008 – Clive Hornby, English actor and drummer (born 1944) * 2008 – Oliver Schroer, Canadian fiddler, composer, and producer (born 1956) *2009 – Alauddin Al-Azad, Bangladeshi author and poet (born 1932) * 2009 – John Keel, American journalist and author (born 1930) *2010 – Abu Daoud, Palestinian terrorist, planned the Munich massacre (born 1937) *2011 – Ali Bahar, Bahraini singer and guitarist (born 1960) *2012 – Nguyễn Hữu Có, Vietnamese general and politician (born 1925) * 2012 – Andy Griffith, American actor, singer, and producer (born 1926) * 2012 – Yvonne B. Miller, American educator and politician (born 1934) * 2012 – Sergio Pininfarina, Italian engineer and politician (born 1926) * 2012 – Richard Alvin Tonry, American lawyer and politician (born 1935) *

– Roman Bengez, Slovenian footballer and manager (born 1964) * 2013 – Francis Ray, American author (born 1944) * 2013 – PJ Torokvei, Canadian actress and screenwriter (born 1951) * 2013 – Radu Vasile, Romanian historian and politician, 57th Prime Minister of Romania (born 1942) * 2013 – Bernard Vitet, French trumpet player and composer (born 1934) * 2013 – Snoo Wilson, English playwright and screenwriter (born 1948) *2014 – Jini Dellaccio, American photographer (born 1917) * 2014 – Tim Flood (hurler), Tim Flood, Irish hurler and coach (born 1927) * 2014 – Volkmar Groß, German footballer (born 1948) * 2014 – Ira Ruskin, American politician (born 1943) * 2014 – Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Ukrainian-American rabbi and author (born 1924) *2015 – Diana Douglas, British-American actress (born 1923) * 2015 – Boyd K. Packer, American religious leader and educator (born 1924) * 2015 – Wayne Townsend, American farmer and politician (born 1926) * 2015 – Phil Walsh (Australian footballer), Phil Walsh, Australian footballer and coach (born 1960) *2020 – Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer (born 1948) *2025 – Borja Gómez (motorcyclist), Borja Gómez, Spanish motorcycle rider (born 2005) * 2025 – Diogo Jota, Portuguese footballer (born 1996) * 2025 – Michael Madsen, American actor (born 1957) * 2025 – André Silva (footballer, born 2000), André Silva, Portuguese footballer (born 2000) * 2025 – Lolit Solis, Filipino talent manager, columnist and talk show host (born 1947)

Holidays and observances

* Christian feast day: **Anatolius of Constantinople **Anatolius of Laodicea **Dathus **Germanus of Man **Gurthiern **Heliodorus of Altino **Mucian **Peregrina Mogas Fontcuberta **Pope Leo II **Thomas the Apostle **July 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Emancipation Day (United States Virgin Islands) *Independence Day (Belarus), Independence Day, celebrates the liberation of Minsk from Nazi Germany, Nazi occupation by Soviet troops in 1944 (Belarus) * The start of the Dog Days according to the ''Old Farmer's Almanac'' but not according to established meaning in most European cultures * Women's Day (Myanmar)

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:July 03 Days of July