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1035
Year 1035 (Roman numerals, MXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 23 – Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of Kingdom of León, León, defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville. * c. July 3 – 8-year-old William the Conqueror, William I becomes duke of Duchy of Normandy, Normandy after his father Robert I, Duke of Normandy, Robert I ("the Magnificent") dies on a pilgrimage at Nicaea (modern Turkey). Robert's death leads to a period of instability in Normandy, as William is too young to take his father's place. The Norman Nobility, nobles in the region take the opportunity to settle old feuds and to increase their private wealth. * October 16 – Conrad II grants the right to hold the first Freimarkt festival in Bremen. The city increases her trade with Norway, and the northern Netherlands. * October 18 &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sancho III Of Pamplona
Sancho Garcés III ( 992–996 – 18 October 1035), also known as Sancho the Great (, ), was the Kingdom of Pamplona, King of Pamplona from 1004 until his death in 1035. He also ruled the County of Aragon and by marriage the counties of County of Castile, Castile, County of Álava, Álava and County of Monzón, Monzón. He later added the counties of Sobrarbe (1015), County of Ribagorza, Ribagorza (1018) and Cea (1030), and would intervene in the Kingdom of León, taking its eponymous capital city in 1034. He was the eldest son of García Sánchez II of Pamplona, García Sánchez II and his wife Jimena Fernández. Biography Birth and succession The year of Sancho's birth is not known, but it is no earlier than 992 and no later than 996. His parents were García Sánchez II of Pamplona, García Sánchez II the Tremulous and Jimena Fernández, daughter of Fernando Bermúdez de Cea, Fernando Bermúdez, count of Santa María del Monte de Cea, Cea on the Kingdom of León, Leones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert I, Duke Of Normandy
Robert I of Normandy (22 June 1000– July 1035), also known as Robert the Magnificent and by other names, was a Norman noble of the House of Normandy who ruled as duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death in 1035. He was the son of Duke Richard II; the brother of Duke Richard III, against whom he unsuccessfully revolted; and the father of Duke William who became the first Norman king of England after winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066. During his reign, Robert quarrelled with the churchincluding his uncle Robert, archbishop of Rouenand meddled in the disorder in Flanders. He was finally reconciled with his uncle and the church, restoring some property and undertaking a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, during which he died. Name Robert is generally enumerated as of Normandy (), although he is sometimes considered with his ancestor Rollo listed as . He is also known as (), (), and (). The last is sometimes reckoned a misnomer, as he is not called Robert the Devil in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William The Conqueror
William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading a Franco-Norman army to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. His Legitimacy (family law), illegitimate status and youth caused some difficulties for h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cesar
The Battle of Cesar, in , was a battle that took place on 23 March 1035, between the armies of Bermudo III, King of Kingdom of León, León, and the Moors, Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville, near the village of Cesar, Portugal, Cesar, Aveiro, Portugal, Aveiro. The result of the battle was a defeat of the Moorish armies, which limited the warlike capacity of the Taifa of Seville in the Beira (Portugal), Beiras region, increasing its loss of influence and power in the region, leading to the Beiras Campaign and the definitive conquest of Coimbra by Ferdinand I of León in 1064. Background After Almanzor's campaigns in the late 10th and early 11th centuries, the entire region north of the Mondego River, Mondego had once again been subjugated and occupied by the Moors. In 985 the cities of Guimarães and Braga were sacked, and two years later, in a campaign of successive razzia (military), razzias against the Christian kingdoms, Almanzor captured Coimb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramiro I Of Aragon
Ramiro I (bef. 10078 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death. His kingdomship was petit, and unfederated, which was sometimes referred to as a petty kingdom. Although his legacy was a minor kingdom, he would expand the nascent Kingdom of Aragon through his acquisition of territories. Such as, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, and the city of Sangüesa. Sancho Ramírez was his son, and was successor to the throne. Therefore, becoming the King of Aragon. He also became King of Pamplona. Biography Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona by his mistress Sancha of Aybar. Ramiro was reputed to have been adopted by his father's wife Muniadona after he was the only one of his father's children to come to her aid when needed, although there is no surviving record of these events and the story is probably apocryphal. During his father's reign, he appeared as witness of royal charters starting in 1011, and was giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonzalo Of Sobrarbe And Ribagorza
Gonzalo Sánchez ( 1020 – 26 June 1043) was the king of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, two small Pyrenean counties, from 1035 until his death. He was the son of King Sancho III of Navarre and his wife, Muniadona of Castile. Before his death in 1035, Sancho divided his kingdom between his sons, leaving Sobrarbe and Ribagorza to Gonzalo. He governed them as vassal of his elder brother, García Sánchez III, who had inherited Navarre. Gonzalo is thought to have been ineffectual and unpopular, with vassals defecting to his half-brother, Ramiro I of Aragon, during his own lifetime. Within a decade of his death, his reign was being ignored and he was left out of a list of rulers of Ribagorza. Reign On 14 April 1035, according to a document preserved in the monastery of San Juan de la Peña, Sancho III granted Aragon to his eldest but illegitimate son Ramiro. In the same act the castle of Loarre and monastery of San Emeterio with their dependent villages were detached from Aragon and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
García Sánchez III Of Pamplona
García Sánchez III (; 1012 – 1 September 1054),''Europäische Stammtafeln'': II #56, III.1 #145; Moriarty, ''Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa of Hainault'', p80, 109 nicknamed García from Nájera (, ) was King of Pamplona from 1034 until his death. He was also Count of Álava and had under his personal control part of the County of Castile. As the eldest son of Sancho III he inherited the dynastic rights over the crown of Pamplona, becoming feudal overlord over two of his brothers: Ramiro, who was given lands that would serve as the basis for the Kingdom of Aragón; and Gonzalo, who received the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. Likewise, he had some claim to suzerainty over his brother Ferdinand, who under their father had served as Count of Castile, nominally subject to the Kingdom of León but brought under the personal control of Sancho III. Biography García Sánchez inherited the crown of Pamplona after the death of his father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freimarkt
Freimarkt (''lit. Free Fair'') in Bremen (city), Bremen, Germany, first held in 1035, is one of the oldest fairs in Germany. With more than four million visitors each year, it is also considered to be the biggest funfairs in Northern Germany. It is celebrated for 17 days in the last two weeks of October, somewhat extended from Friday to Sunday. The area covers approximately 100,000 square meters on two areas: the so-called "Kleiner Freimarkt" (''lit. Small Free Fair'') on the Bremer Marktplatz, market square, and the main area at the ''Bürgerweide'' adjacent to the Main Station and the Exhibition Center. The highlight is the "Freimarktsumzug" (''lit. Free Fair Procession'') held on the second Saturday of the festival. The traditional exclamation for the Freimarkt days, which is also referred to as the "fifth season", is: "Ischa Freimaak!", which can be translated as "It's Freimarkt!". History On 16 October 1035 Emperor Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad II gave the "fair j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa () was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa. The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406. The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy. Rise to power During the High Middle Ages the city grew into a very important commercial and naval center and controlled a significant Mediterranean merchant fleet and navy. It expanded its influence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand I Of León
Ferdinand I ( 1015 – 24 December 1065), called the Great (''el Magno''), was the count of Castile from his uncle's death in 1029 and the king of León after defeating his brother-in-law in 1037. According to tradition, he was the first to have himself crowned Emperor of Spain (1056), and his heirs carried on the tradition. He was a younger son of Sancho III of Navarre and Muniadona of Castile, and by his father's will recognised the supremacy of his eldest brother, García Sánchez III of Navarre. While Ferdinand inaugurated the rule of the Navarrese Jiménez dynasty over western Spain, his rise to preeminence among the Christian rulers of the peninsula shifted the focus of power and culture westward after more than a century of Leonese decline. Nevertheless, " e internal consolidation of the realm of León–Castilla under Fernando el Magno and is queen Sancha (1037–1065) is a history that remains to be researched and written."Reilly 1988, 7–8. Date and order of birt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 18
Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on ''The Great Astronomer'' ('' Almagest''). * 614 – King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (''Edictum Chlotacharii''), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom. * 629 – Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks. * 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. * 1016 – The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun. * 1081 – The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage is a travel, journey to a holy place, which can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life. A pilgrim (from the Latin ''peregrinus'') is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journey (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system. Background Pilgrimages frequently involve a journey or search of morality, moral or spirituality, spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith, although sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone's own beliefs. Many religions attach spiritual importance to particular places: the place of birth or death of founders or saints, or to the place of their "calling" or spiritual awakening, or of their connection (visual or verbal) with the divine, to locations where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
