Zhitikara ( kz, Жітіқара, ''Jıtıqara''; russian: Житикара) is a

town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than city, cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares ...

and the administrative center of Zhitikara District in

Kostanay Region Kostanay Region ( kk, Қостанай облысы, translit=Qostanai oblysy; russian: Костанайская область, translit=Kostanayskaya oblast) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay. The pop ...

of northwestern

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental coun ...

, close to the

Kazakhstan–Russia border The Kazakhstan–Russia border (russian: Казахстанско-российская граница, kk, Қазақстан-Ресей шекарасы) is the international border between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation ...

. The town is located in the west of the region, on the

Turgay Plateau The Turgay Plateau ( kk, Торғай Үстірті, ''Torğai Üstırtı''; russian: Тургайское плато) is a plateau in north-west Kazakhstan, central Asia. It lies 200–300 m above sea level. It extends some 630 km north–s ...

, west of the

Tobol River The Tobol (russian: Тобол, kk, Тобыл ''Tobyl'') is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is , and the area of its drainage basin is . History The Tobol River wa ...

. Population:

History

Zhitikara was founded in 1880 as the

aul An aul (; ce, oil; russian: аул) is a type of fortified village or town found throughout the Caucasus mountains and Central Asia. The word itself is of Turkic origin and simply means ''village'' in many Turkic languages. Auyl ( kk, Ауы� ...

of Konildi. At the time, it was a part of Nikolayevsky Uyezd (later renamed

Kustanaysky Uyezd Kustanaysky Uyezd (''Кустанайский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Turgay Oblast of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kustanay (Kostanay). Demograph ...

) of Turgay Oblast. In 1915, it was renamed Zhitikara (Dzhetygara), and subsequently granted urban-type settlement status. In 1920, Turgay Oblast was transformed into Turgay Governorate, and on November 9, 1920, it was abolished and merged into Orenburg-Turgay Governorate. On April 1, 1921 the area was transferred into newly established Kustanay Governorate. Dzhetyhara was a part of

Adamovsky District Adamovsky District (russian: Ада́мовский райо́н; kk, Адамау ауданы, ) is an administrativeLaw #1370/276-IV-OZ and municipalLaw #2367/495-IV-OZ district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is ...

and the administrative center of Dzhetygarinskaya Volost. On August 15, 1922 the district was abolished and merged into Denisov District. On September 21, 1925 Kustanay Governorate was abolished and transformed into Kustanaysky Uytezd. On January 17, 1928 Kustanay Okrug of

Aktobe Region The Aktobe Region ( kk, Ақтөбе облысы, Aqtöbe oblysy; russian: Актюбинская область, translit=Aktyubinskaya oblast) is a region of Kazakhstan. The name ''Aktobe'' comes from Kazakh ''aq'' 'white' and ''töbe'' 'hill' ...

was established, which included also Zhetigara District. In February 1932, okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Until 1936, the district administrative center of Zhitikara District was the settlement of Denisovka, and subsequently Dzhetygara was made the district center. On July 29, 1936, Kostanay Region was established as a part of

Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ; kk, Қазақ Советтік Социалистік Республикасы) *1991: Republic of Kazakhstan (russian: Республика Казахстан; kk, Қазақстан Республикасы) , linking_name = the ...

, and Zhitikara District became a part of Kostanay Region. In 1939, Dzetygara was granted the town status. In 1962, it was made a town of oblast significance. In 1997, the official spelling was changed to Zhitikara, and Zhitikara was made a town of district significance, the center of Zhitikara District.

Economy

Industry

The main industrial enterprise in Zhitikara is the

Kostanay Minerals Kostanay ( kz, Қостанай, Qostanai ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay ...

, mainly producing asbestos.

Transportation

Zhitikara is a terminal of the railway side line leading to the station of

Tobol The Tobol (russian: Тобол, kk, Тобыл ''Tobyl'') is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is , and the area of its drainage basin is . History The Tobol River was ...

which is located on the railway between

Kartaly Kartaly (russian: Карталы́) is a town and the administrative center of Kartalinsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the valley of the Kartaly-Ayat River (left tributary of the Tobol), southwest of Chelyabinsk, the adm ...

and

Astana Astana, previously known as Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and most recently Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan. The city lies on the banks of the Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, tho ...

. The town is connected by roads with

Kostanay Kostanay ( kz, Қостанай, Qostanai ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay ...

via Rudny and with Kartaly.

References

{{Kostanay Region Populated places in Kostanay Region

History

Economy

Industry

Transportation

See also

References