Zhao Deyin () (died 892), formally the Prince of Huai'an (), was a warlord late in the

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

dynasty

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

, who initially served as a general under the pretender emperor

Qin Zongquan Qin Zongquan (; died April 1, 889) was a Chinese military general, monarch, politician, rebel, and warlord during the Tang dynasty. He was later a claimant to the imperial throne, in competition with Emperor Xizong of Tang and, later, Emperor Xiz ...

. When Qin neared defeat, Zhao declared loyalty to Tang instead, and was able to retain control of Zhongyi Circuit (忠義, headquartered in modern

Xiangyang Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River (Hanshui), Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city n ...

Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...

), which, after his death, was passed to his son

Zhao Kuangning Zhao Kuangning (趙匡凝), courtesy name Guangyi (光儀), formally the Prince of Chu (楚王), was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who ruled Zhongyi Circuit (忠義, headquartered in modern Xiangyang, Hubei) as its military governor ...

Background and service under Qin Zongquan

It is not known when Zhao Deyin was born. His family was from Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern

Zhumadian Zhumadian ( zh, s= , t= , p=Zhùmǎdiàn; Postal romanization, postal: Chumatien) is a prefecture-level city in southern Henan province of China, province, China. It borders Xinyang to the south, Nanyang, Henan, Nanyang to the west, Pingdingshan to ...

Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...

). At some point, he became an officer under

, who was then the Tang military governor (''

Jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissi ...

'') of Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered at Cai Prefecture). When Qin was involved in the Tang forces' campaigns against the major agrarian rebel

Huang Chao Huang Chao (835 – July 13, 884) was a wealthy Chinese salt trader and soldier who is primarily known for instigating the Huang Chao Rebellion. In 878, he proclaimed himself emperor and the establishment of a new Qi dynasty. Huang Chao's re ...

, Zhao had battlefield accomplishments and was rewarded by being made the prefect of Shen Prefecture (申州, in modern

Xinyang Xinyang ( zh, s= , t=信陽 , p=Xìnyáng; Postal romanization, postal: Sinyang) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Henan province of China, province, People's Republic of China, the southernmost administrative division in the province. It ...

).''

New Book of Tang The ''New Book of Tang'', generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the So ...

'', vol. 186. By 884, Huang, whom Qin briefly submitted to, had been defeated and killed, but by that point Qin had become a renegade and was pillaging nearby circuits. When fellow renegade general

Lu Yanhong Lu Yanhong (; died 886) was a warlord of the late Tang dynasty, who controlled Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) from 883 to 884 and Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern Xuchang, Henan) from ...

attacked Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern

Xiangfan Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The ci ...

) in winter 884, Qin sent Zhao and Qin Gao () to join Lu in the attack, forcing the military governor of Shannan East, Liu Jurong () to abandon Shannan East's capital Xiang Prefecture () and flee to

Chengdu Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a ...

. Lu subsequently took over Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern

Xuchang Xuchang ( zh, s=, t= ; postal: Hsuchang) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It is bordered by the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe ...

), apparently allowing Zhao to take over Shannan East.''

Zizhi Tongjian The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (1084) is a chronicle published during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) that provides a record of Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main text is ...

'', vol. 256. In winter 887, by which time Qin had declared himself emperor with his capital at Cai Prefecture, Zhao, still then serving under Qin and whom Qin had made the acting military governor of Shannan East, attacked Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern

Jingzhou Jingzhou ( zh, s=, c=荆州, t=, p=Jīngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Its total residential population was 5,231,180 based on the Seventh National Population Censu ...

). Zhao captured it and killed the Tang military governor of Jingnan,

Zhang Gui Zhang Gui (, 255–314) was the governor of Liang province and first Duke of Xiping under the Western Jin. He was the seventeenth generation descendant of King of Changshan Zhang Er from the Chu–Han Contention The Chu–Han Contention () ...

. He then left his officer

Wang Jianzhao Wang Jianzhao (王建肇) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who controlled Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei) from 887 to 888, and then Wutai Circuit (武泰, headquartered in modern Chongqing) from 888 ...

in control of Jingnan's capital Jiangling Municipality. It was said that after the battle, only several hundred households remained at Jiangling. However, in summer 888, the Tang general Guo Yu attacked Jiangling and expelled Wang, taking over Jingnan Circuit.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 257.

Redeclaration of loyalty to Tang

After Guo Yu seized Jingnan from Zhao Deyin, Zhao, realizing by that point that Qin Zongquan, who had recently been repeatedly defeated by

Zhu Quanzhong Emperor Taizu of Later Liang (), personal name Zhu Quanzhong () (December 5, 852 – July 18, 912), né Zhu Wen (), name later changed to Zhu Huang (), nickname Zhu San (朱三, literally, "the third Zhu"), was a Chinese military general, mona ...

, the Tang military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern

Kaifeng Kaifeng ( zh, s=开封, p=Kāifēng) is a prefecture-level city in east-Zhongyuan, central Henan province, China. It is one of the Historical capitals of China, Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and ...

), was nearing defeat, made overtures to then-reigning Tang emperor Emperor Zhaozong and Zhu, submitting his circuit to Tang. Zhu thus suggested to Emperor Zhaozong that Zhao's submission be accepted and that Zhao be made his own deputy in the operations against Qin. Emperor Zhaozong thus renamed Shannan East to Zhongyi (meaning "faithful and righteous") and made Zhao its military governor as well as the deputy commander of the overall operations against Qin (with Zhu being the commander). After Qin was deposed by his own officers and delivered to Zhu (and eventually delivered to the imperial capital

Chang'an Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has been inhabited since Neolithic time ...

to be executed in spring 889),''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 258. Zhao was given the honorary

chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

designation of ''Zhongshu Ling'' () and was created the Prince of Huai'an. He died in spring 892 and was succeeded by his son

.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 259.

Notes and references

* ''

'', vol. 186. * ''

'', vols.

256 Year 256 ( CCLVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Claudius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 1009 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 256 for this y ...

257 __NOTOC__ Year 257 (Roman numerals, CCLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerianus and Gallienus (or, less frequently, year 1010 ''Ab urbe condita'') ...

258 Year 258 ( CCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tuscus and Bassus (or, less frequently, year 1011 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 258 for this yea ...

259 Year 259 ( CCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aemilianus and Bassus (or, less frequently, year 1012 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 259 for thi ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Zhao, Deyin 9th-century births 892 deaths Qin Zongquan's state Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan East Circuit Tang dynasty nonimperial princes Politicians from Zhumadian Qi (Huang Chao) Tang dynasty generals from Henan