''Zanthoxylum'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of about 250 species of

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

and

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has Leaf, foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many diffe ...

trees, shrubs and climbers in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in Bo ...

that are native to warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in the subfamily

Rutoideae Rutoideae is a flowering plant subfamily in the family Rutaceae. The subfamily has had varying circumscriptions. In a 2012 classification of the family it was one of only two subfamilies and contained most of the genera, whereas in a 2021 classif ...

. Several of the species have yellow

heartwood Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin t ...

, to which their generic name alludes. Several species are cultivated for their use as spices, notably including

Sichuan pepper Sichuan pepper (, also known as Sichuanese pepper, Szechuan pepper, Chinese prickly ash, Chinese pepper, Mountain pepper, and ''mala'' pepper, is a spice commonly used in Sichuan cuisine in China, Bhutan and in northeast India. It is called mej ...

Description

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' are typically

dioecious Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is ...

shrubs, trees or woody climbers armed with

trichomes Trichomes (; ) are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant ...

. The leaves are arranged alternately and are usually

pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and ...

trifoliate The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets ...

. The flowers are usually arranged in

panicle In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a p ...

s and usually function as male or female flowers with four

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

s and four petals, the sepals remaining attached to the fruit. Male flowers have four

stamen The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...

s opposite the sepals. Female flowers have up to five, more or less free

carpels Gynoecium (; ; : gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ...

with the styles free or sometimes fused near the tip. The fruit is usually of up to four follicles fused at the base, each containing a single seed almost as large as the follicle.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Zanthoxylum'' was first formally described in 1753 by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

in the first volume of ''

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genus, genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature ...

''. The generic name is derived from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

words (), meaning 'yellow', and (), meaning 'wood'. It is technically misspelled, as the ''z'' should be ''x'', but botanical nomenclature does not allow for spelling corrections. It refers to a yellow dye made from the roots of some species. The first species that Linnaeus described was ''Zanthoxylum trifoliatum'', now regarded as a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

of ''

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus ''Eleutherococcus'' is a genus of 38 species,p.40, citing Frodin, Govaerts 2003 of thorny shrubs and trees in the family Araliaceae. They are native to eastern Asia, from southeast Siberia and Japan to the Philippines and Vietnam. 18 species come ...

''. The once separate genus ''Fagara'' is now included in ''Zanthoxylum''.

Fossil record

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...

seeds of the extinct ''Zanthoxylum kristinae'', from the early

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

, have been found in the Kristina Mine at

Hrádek nad Nisou Hrádek nad Nisou (; , ) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 8,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Hr� ...

North Bohemia North Bohemia (, ) is a region in the north of the Czech Republic. Location North Bohemia roughly covers the present-day NUTS regional unit of ''CZ04 Severozápad'' and the western part of ''CZ05 Severovýchod''. From an administrative perspec ...

, the Czech Republic.

Uses

Many ''Zanthoxylum'' species make excellent

bonsai Bonsai (; , ) is the Japanese art of Horticulture, growing and shaping miniature trees in containers, with a long documented history of influences and native Japanese development over a thousand years, and with unique aesthetics, cultural hist ...

and in temperate climates they can be grown quite well indoors. '' Zanthoxylum beecheyanum'' and ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash, is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called () in Japan and () in Korea. Bo ...

'' are two species commonly grown as

.Wilbur, C. Keith, MD. ''Revolutionary Medicine 1700-1800''. The Globe Pequot Press. Page 23. 1980.

Culinary use

Spice In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...

s are made from a number of species in this genus, including: * ''

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China,Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern India, Nepal, Laos, Burma, northern Thailand, Vie ...

'' –

Andaliman ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China,Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern India, Nepal, Laos, Burma, northern Thailand, Vie ...

* '' Zanthoxylum armatum'' – "green" or "vine"

* ''

Zanthoxylum bungeanum ''Zanthoxylum bungeanum '' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is one of the sources of the spice Sichuan pepper. The plant is native to North-Central China, South-Central China, Southeast China, East Himalayas The Himalayas, ...

'' – "red" or common Sichuan pepper * ''

Zanthoxylum gilletii ''Zanthoxylum gilletii'', the East African satinwood, is a tree species in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' found in Africa. The fruits are used to produce the spice uzazi, which is the Nigerian (Igbo language) name of both the plant and the spice. It ...

'' - Uzazi * ''

'' – , * '' Zanthoxylum nitidum'' * ''

Zanthoxylum rhetsa ''Zanthoxylum rhetsa'', commonly known as Indian prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and occurs from India east to the Philippines and south to northern Australia. It is a deciduous shrub or tree with cone-shaped s ...

'' – teppal, tirphal * ''

Zanthoxylum schinifolium ''Zanthoxylum schinifolium'', also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae, the citrus family. It was first described and published in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. vol.4 (Issue 2) on pa ...

'' – , "green" Sichuan pepper * ''

Zanthoxylum simulans ''Zanthoxylum simulans'', the Chinese-pepper, Chinese prickly-ash or flatspine prickly-ash, is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to southern and central China, Taiwan, and South Korea. It is one of several species of ''Zanthoxylum' ...

'' – "red" or wild Sichuan pepper

Andaliman

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

North Sumatra North Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It borders Aceh to the northwest, Riau to the sou ...

province, ''

'' is harvested for ''andaliman''. In Indonesian Batak cuisine, ''

andaliman ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China,Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern India, Nepal, Laos, Burma, northern Thailand, Vie ...

'' is ground and mixed with chilies and seasonings into a green

sambal Sambal is an Indonesian chili sauce or paste, typically made from a mixture of chillis with secondary ingredients such as shrimp paste (terasi), garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, palm sugar, and lime juice. ''Sambal'' is an Indonesia ...

or chili paste.

Arsik Arsik is an Indonesian spicy fish dish of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people of North Sumatra, usually using the common carp (known in Indonesia as ''ikan mas'' or gold fish). Distinctively Batak elements of the dish are the use of torch gi ...

is a typical Indonesian dish containing ''andaliman''.

and

'' is harvested in Japan and Korea to produce () or (), which has numbing properties similar to those of Chinese Sichuan peppercorns. In Korean cuisine, is often used to accompany fish soups such as , whereas the plant's seeds are separated and used to make oil, and the oil is used as a medicine.

Sancho

The Korean is made from ''

'', which is slightly less bitter than . In

Korean cuisine Korean cuisine is the set of foods and culinary styles which are associated with Korean culture. This cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient Prehistoric Korea, agricultural and nomad ...

, is often used to accompany fish soups such as .

Sichuan pepper

The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

of '' Zanthoxylum armatum'' and ''

'' species is used to make

by grinding the husks that surround the berries.

Triphal and teppal

In the states of

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

, and

Goa Goa (; ; ) is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is bound by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north, and Karnataka to the ...

in Western India, the dried berries of ''

'' are known as teppal or tirphal in

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India **Marathi people (Uttar Pradesh), the Marathi people in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Mar ...

are added to foods such as legumes and fish. The name in both languages means 'three fruits' or 'three pods'. Because the trees bear fruit during the

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...

season, the berries are associated with the concurrent

Krishna Janmashtami Krishna Janmashtami (), also known simply as Krishnashtami, Janmashtami, or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. In certain Hindu texts, such as the '' Gita Govinda ...

festival. The fresh fruits are parrot green in color and are used as a flavouring agent in many curries made with a paste of coconut, chilis, and other spices. When dried, the flesh of the fruit hardens, turns a brownish black color and opens up to show the black seeds within. The seeds are discarded and the dried fruit is stored in containers for use around the year. Mostly used in fish preparations and a few vegetarian dishes, with coconut masala, this spice has a very strong woody aroma and is discarded at the time of eating the curry.

Chemistry

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' contain the lignan

sesamin Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of '' Fagara'' plants and from sesame oil Sesame oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from sesame seeds. The oil is one of the earliest-known crop-based oils. Worldwide mass modern production is ...

. Species identified in Nigeria contains several types of alkaloids including benzophenanthridines (

nitidine Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in species of the genus '' Zanthoxylum '', notably in '' Zanthoxylum nitidum''. This compound has an anti-malarial activity.Bouquet, J., et al. (2012)Biological activities of nitidine, a potential a ...

, dihydronitidine, oxynitidine,

fagaronine Fagaronine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in ''Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides'' and other species in the genus ''Zanthoxylum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the ...

, dihydro

avicine Avicine, tested and developed by AVI BioPharma, and also known as CTP-37 was trialled as a possible cancer vaccine to treat a number of different cancers. These included colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. The treatment was t ...

chelerythrine Chelerythrine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid present in the plant '' Chelidonium majus'' (greater celandine). It is a potent, selective, and cell-permeable protein kinase C inhibitor ''in vitro''. And an efficacious antagonist of G-protein-co ...

, dihydrochelerythrine, methoxychelerythrine, norchelerythrine, oxychelerythrine, decarine and fagaridine),

furoquinoline Furoquinoline alkaloids are a group of alkaloids with simple structure. Distribution of this group of alkaloids is essentially limited to plant family Rutaceae. The simplest member of this group is dictamnine and most widespread member is skimmia ...

s ( dictamine, 8-methoxydictamine,

skimmianine Skimmianine is a furoquinoline alkaloid found in '' Skimmia japonica'', a flowering plant in family Rutaceae that is native to Japan and China. It is a known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Biosynthesis The biosynthesis of skimmianine starts f ...

, 3-dimethylallyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone),

carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic Heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is ...

s (3-methoxycarbazole, glycozoline),

aporphine Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula . It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine alkaloids, a subclass of quinoline alkaloids. It can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, (''R'')-aporphine and (''S'')-aporphine. ...

s (

berberine Berberine is a Quaternary ammonium cation, quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, occurring naturally as a secondary metabolite in some plants including species of ''Berberis'', from which its name ...

, tembetarine,

magnoflorine ''(S)-''Magnoflorine is a quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) of the aporphine structural subgroup which has been isolated from various species of the family Menispermaceae, such as ''Pachygone ovata,'' '' Sinomenium acutum,'' and '' Ci ...

, M-methyl- corydine), canthinones (6-canthinone),

acridone Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton, with a carbonyl group at the ''9'' position. Synthesis and structure The molecule is planar. Optical spectra reveal that the keto tautomer predominates in the gas-phase and in ethanol ...

s (1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, 1-hydroxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, zanthozolin), and aromatic and

aliphatic amide Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are amides formed from a fatty acid and an amine. In nature, many FAAs have ethanolamine as the amine component. Also known as ''N''-acylethanolamines, they contain the functionality RC(O)N(H)CH2CH2OH. A well known examp ...

s.The Nigerian Zanthoxylum; Chemical and biological values. S. K. Adesina, Afr. J. Trad. CAM, 2005, volume 2, issue 3, pages 282-301
article
) Hydroxy-alpha sanshool is a bioactive component of plants from the genus ''Zanthoxylum'', including the Sichuan pepper. It provides the characteristic numbness.

Ecology

''Zanthoxylum'' species are used as food plants by the

larvae A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect developmental biology, development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typical ...

of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

species including the engrailed (''Ectropis crepuscularia'').

Species

The following is a list of species accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

as of August 2020: * ''

'' D.R.Simpson (southern Asia) * '' Zanthoxylum aculeatissimum''

Engl. Engl or Engl. may refer to: *England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more ...

(Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum acuminatum'' Sw. (Cuba, Jamaica) * '' Zanthoxylum ailanthoides'' Siebold & Zucc. – ailanthus-like prickly ash * '' Zanthoxylum albiflorum''

Baker f. Edmund Gilbert Baker (1864–1949) was a British plant collector and botanist. He was the son of John Gilbert Baker John Gilbert Baker (13 January 1834 – 16 August 1920) was an England, English botanist. His son was the botanist Edmund G ...

(New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum albuquerquei'' D.C. (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum amamiense''

Ohwi was a Japanese Botany, botanist. He was a distinguished member of the Faculty of Science of Kyoto University, Kyoto Imperial University. He is perhaps best known for his 1953 . Species named after Ohwi * (Cyperaceae) ''Carex ohwii'' Genkei Masa ...

(

Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum amapaense'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterm. (Brazil, Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum americanum ''Zanthoxylum americanum'', the common prickly-ash, common pricklyash, common prickly ash or northern prickly-ash (also sometimes called toothache tree, yellow wood, or suterberry), is an aromatic shrub or small tree native to central and easter ...

'' Mill. – northern prickly ash, prickly ash, toothache tree (Canada, United States) * '' Zanthoxylum anadenium'' (

Urb. Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botany, botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Botanical Garden in Berlin, Berlin Botanical Garden. B ...

Ekman Ekman is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Carl Gustaf Ekman (1872–1945), Swedish politician *Carl Daniel Ekman (1845–1904), Swedish chemical engineer *Elisabeth Ekman (1862–1936), Swedish botanist *Erik Leonard Ekm ...

) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum andamanicum'' Kurz (

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago, made up of 200 islands, in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a mari ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum andinum'' Reynel (Ecuador) * '' Zanthoxylum anison''

L.O.Williams Louis Otho (Otto) Williams (1908 – 1991) was a botanist from Wyoming. He received his BA and MA from the University of Wyoming then a PhD from Washington University in St. Louis. He went on to be editor of the ''American Orchid Society#Publicati ...

(Guatemala) * '' Zanthoxylum anthyllidifolium'' Guillaumin (Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum apiculatum'' ( Sandwith) P.G.Waterman (South America) * '' Zanthoxylum arborescens''

Rose A rose is either a woody perennial plant, perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred Rose species, species and Garden roses, tens of thousands of cultivar ...

(Mexico, Nicaragua) * '' Zanthoxylum armatum'' DC. – winged prickly ash (Indian subcontinent to temperate east Asia and Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum atchoum'' ( Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest city and ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum austrosinense'' C.C.Huang (southern China) * '' Zanthoxylum avicennae'' ( Lam.) DC. (southern China to western and central Malesia) * ''

Zanthoxylum backeri ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (

Bakh.f. Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. (11 September 1911, Panjinangan, Sukabumi Regency, Java – 1 May 1987, Leiden) was a Dutch botanist. He was the son of Djahini of Tjiampea and Dutch botanist Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Br ...

) T.G.Hartley * ''

Zanthoxylum beechyanum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

K.Koch Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 – 25 May 1879) was a German botanist. He is best known for his botanical explorations in the Caucasus region, including northeast Turkey. Most of his collections have today been lost. He is also known as t ...

(Bonin Islands, Ryukya Islands) * ''

Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

Leonard Leonard or ''Leo'' is a common English language, English masculine given name and a surname. The given name and surname originate from the Old High German ''Leonhard'' containing the prefix ''levon'' ("lion") from the Greek wikt:Λέων#Greek, Λ ...

– Maricao prickly ash (Hispaniola to Puerto Rico) * '' Zanthoxylum bissei'' Beurton (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum bonifaziae'' Cornejo & Reynel (Ecuador) * '' Zanthoxylum bouetense'' (

Pierre Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...

ex Letouzey) P.G.Waterman (Congo, Gabon) * '' Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum''

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...

– thorny yellowwood (New South Wales, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum brisasanum'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum buesgenii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

'' (

) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to west central tropical Africa) * ''

Maxim. Carl Johann Maximovich, also Karl Ivanovich Maximovich (Russian: Карл Иванович Максимович; 23 November 1827 – 16 February 1891) was a Russian botanist. Maximovich spent most of his life studying the flora of the countries ...

– Chinese/Sichuan pepper (Himalaya to China) * '' Zanthoxylum burkillianum'' Babu * '' Zanthoxylum calcicola'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum campicola'' Reynel (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum canalense'' (Guillaumin) P.G.Waterman * '' Zanthoxylum capense'' ( Thunb.) Harv. (southern Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum caribaeum'' Lam. – yellow prickly ash (Mexico to tropical America) * '' Zanthoxylum caudatum'' Alston (Sri Lanka) * '' Zanthoxylum celebicum'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * ''

Zanthoxylum chalybeum ''Zanthoxylum chalybeum'' is an aromatic deciduous shrub or tree within the family Rutaceae. It is also known as the lemon scented knobwood. Description A shrub or tree that can grow up to 12 m in height with a large crown; the Trunk (botany), ...

'' Engl. (

Belize Belize is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a maritime boundary with Honduras to the southeast. P ...

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum chevalieri'' P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum chuquisaquense'' Reynel (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum ciliatum'' Engl. (Mexico to northern Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum claessensii'' ( De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (west central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum clava-herculis'' L. – Hercules' club, pepperbark, southern prickly ash, West Indian yellowwood (central and southeastern United States to eastern Mexico) * ''

Zanthoxylum coco ''Zanthoxylum coco'' (also known as ''Fagara coco'') is an evergreen tree of the family Rutaceae, native to Argentina and Bolivia where it grows in the wild, mostly in spiniferous forests of the low mountain ranges of the western Chaco. It is c ...

'' Gillies ex Hook.f. f. &

Arn. George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. He collaborated with botanists from around the world and served as a regius professor of botany at the University of Glasgow. An orchid genus ' ...

– coco, cochucho, smelly sauco (

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum collinsiae'' Craib (China to Indochina) * ''

Zanthoxylum comosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (

Herzog (; feminine ; masculine plural ; feminine plural ) is a German hereditary title held by one who rules a territorial duchy, exercises feudal authority over an estate called a duchy, or possesses a right by law or tradition to be referred to ...

) P.G.Waterman (central Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum compactum'' (

Huber Huber is a German-language surname. It derives from the German word meaning hide, a unit of land a farmer might possess, granting them the status of a free tenant. It is in the top ten most common surnames in the German-speaking world, especial ...

ex Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Venezuela to western South America) * '' Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum'' Merr. &

Perry Perry or pear cider is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally in England (particularly Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire), parts of South Wales, France (especially Normandy and Anjou), Canada, Austral ...

(New Guinea) * '' Zanthoxylum cucullatipetalum'' Guillaumin (Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum davyi'' (

I.Verd. Inez Clare Verdoorn (15 June 1896 – 2 April 1989) was a South African botanist and taxonomist, noted for her major revisions of plant families and genera. She is also a niece of Eugène Marais, Eugene Nielen Marais, lawyer, Natural history, na ...

) P.G.Waterman – forest knobwood (Zimbabwe to South Africa) * ''

Zanthoxylum decaryi ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum delagoense'' P.G.Waterman (southern Mozambique) * '' Zanthoxylum deremense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (

Malawi Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' Hemsl. (southern China to Indochina, Taiwan) * '' Zanthoxylum dinklagei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to western central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum dipetalum''

H.Mann Horace Mann Jr. (February 25, 1844 – November 11, 1868) was an American Botany, botanist, son of Horace Mann. His mother was one of the famous Peabody Sisters Mary Tyler Peabody Mann. Mentored in botany by Henry David Thoreau, whom he accompani ...

– Kāwau (Hawaii) * ''

Zanthoxylum dissitum ''Zanthoxylum dissitum'' is a woody plant native to China. It grows in upland thickets and open forests, forests, at 300–2600 m altitude. Description The plant is a woody Climbing vine; and its stems turn gray-white when old. The brownish re ...

'' Hemsl. (central and southern China to Hainan) * '' Zanthoxylum diversifolium'' Warb. (New Guinea) * '' Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum domingense'' ( Krug &

) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum dumosum'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum echinocarpum'' Hemsl. (southern China) * '' Zanthoxylum ekmanii'' (Urb.) Alain (southern Mexico to southern tropical America, western Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum eliasii'' D.M.Porter (Panama to Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum engleri'' Waterm. * ''

Zanthoxylum esquirolii ''Zanthoxylum esquirolii'' is a woody plant in the family Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rue

'' H.Lév. (southern central China) * ''

Zanthoxylum fagara ''Zanthoxylum fagara'' or wild lime, is a species of flowering plant that—despite its name—is not part of the genus ''Citrus'' with real limes and other fruit, but is a close cousin in the larger citrus family, Rutaceae. It is more closely ...

'' (L.) Sarg. – Lime prickly ash (tropical and subtropical America) * '' Zanthoxylum fauriei'' ( Nakai)

– lesser ailanthus-like prickly ash (South Korea, Japan) * '' Zanthoxylum finlaysonianum'' Wall. (Thailand) * '' Zanthoxylum flavum'' Vahl – West Indian satinwood (

Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum foliolosum''

Donn.Sm. Captain John Donnell Smith (June 5, 1829 – December 2, 1928) of Baltimore, Maryland was an American biologist and taxonomist. He was also an officer in the Confederate army. He was a graduate of Yale in 1847, where he was a member of Skull and ...

(Mexico to Nicaragua) * '' Zanthoxylum forbesii'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * '' Zanthoxylum formiciferum'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to northern Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum gardneri'' Engl. (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum gentryi'' Reynel (western Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum ghisbreghtii'' Turcz. (Gulf of Mexico) * '' Zanthoxylum gillespieanum'' (A.C.Sm) A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * ''

'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum glomeratum'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum grandifolium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Tul. (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum haitiense'' (Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum'' Pirani (north-eastern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum harrisii'' P.Wilson (Jamaica) * '' Zanthoxylum hartii'' Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum hawaiiense'' William Hillebrand">Hillebr. – a'e, Hawai'i prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum heitzii'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) P.G.Waterm. (west central tropical Africa * ''Zanthoxylum heterophyllum'' ( Lam.) Sm. (

Mascarenes The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their na ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum holtzianum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Somalia to northern Mozambique) * ''

Zanthoxylum huberi ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

'' P.G.Waterman (South America) * '' Zanthoxylum humile'' ( E.A.Bruce P.G.Waterman (Zimbabwe to Mozambique and

Mpumalanga Mpumalanga () is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name means "East", or literally "The Place Where the Sun Rises" in the Nguni languages. Mpumalanga lies in eastern South Africa, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique. It shares bor ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum impressinervium'' Reynel (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum''

Elmer Elmer is a name of Germanic British origin. The given name originated as a surname, a medieval variant of the given name Aylmer, derived from Old English ''æþel'' (noble) and ''mær'' (famous). It was adopted as a given name in the United State ...

(Taiwan to the Philippines) * '' Zanthoxylum iwahigense'' Reynel (the Philippines) * '' Zanthoxylum jamaicense'' P.Wilson (Jamaica) * '' Zanthoxylum juniperinum'' Poepp. (Central America) * ''

Zanthoxylum kauaense ''Zanthoxylum kauaense'', commonly known as ''ae'' or Kauai pricklyash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, that is Endemism, endemic to Hawaii. It usually inhabits Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Mixed mesic forests, mixed mesi ...

'' A.Gray – Kauai prickly ash (Hawaii) * '' Zanthoxylum khasianum'' Hook.f. (Assam to China (W. Yunnan)) * '' Zanthoxylum kleinii'' ( R.S.Cowan) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum kwangsiense'' ( Hand.-Mazz.) Chun ex C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum laetum''

Drake Drake may refer to: Animals and creatures * A male duck * Drake (mythology), a term related to and often synonymous with dragon People and fictional characters * Drake (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with the family ...

(China to Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum laurentii'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (Congo to Democratic Republic of Congo) * '' Zanthoxylum leiboicum'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum lemairei'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa to Uganda) * '' Zanthoxylum lenticellosum'' (Urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Dominican Republic) * '' Zanthoxylum lenticulare'' Reynel (Colombia to Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Reynel (Ecuador to Peru, north-west Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum leprieurii ''Zanthoxylum leprieurii'' is a low branching medium-sized tree of the Rutaceae family. It can reach in height and up to in diameter. Some parts of the plant are used in African folk medicine. Description Stems often have conical, woody prickl ...

'' Guill. &

Perr. George Samuel Perrottet (23 February 1790 – 13 January 1870, Puducherry (city), Pondicherry), also known as Georges Guerrard-Samuel Perrottet, was a botanist and horticulturalist from Praz, in the commune of Vully-le-Bas, today Mont-Vully, Swit ...

(tropical and southern Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum leratii'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum liboense'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum limoncello'' Planch. & Oerst. (Mexico to Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum lindense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (Tanzania) * '' Zanthoxylum macranthum'' (Hand.-Mazz.) C.C. Huang (south-east Tibet to southern China) * '' Zanthoxylum madagascariense''

Baker A baker is a tradesperson who baking, bakes and sometimes Sales, sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery. History Ancient histo ...

(Madagascar) * ''

Zanthoxylum magnifasciculatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae ...

'' Reynel (Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum mananarense'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum mantaro'' (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr. (Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum maranionense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Reynel (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum martinicense'' ( Lam.) DC. – white prickly ash * '' Zanthoxylum mayu'' Bertero (

Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands () are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, reliant on tourism and fishing. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic islands: Robinson Crusoe Island, R ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum megistophyllum'' (B.L.Burtt) T.G.Hartley (Solomon Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum melanostictum''

Schltdl. Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (27 November 1794, Xanten – 12 October 1866, Halle an der Saale, Halle) was a German botanist. Life and work Von Schlechtendal was born in Xanten, Xanten am Rhein and when his father Diederich Fried ...

Cham. Adelbert von Chamisso (; 30 January 1781 – 21 August 1838) was a German poet, writer and botanist. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Boncourt, a name referring to the family estate at Boncourt. Life ...

(Mexico to north-west Venezuela and Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum'' ( Aké Assi) W.D.Hawth. (Liberia to Ivory Coast) * '' Zanthoxylum micranthum'' Hemsl. (China) * '' Zanthoxylum mildbraedii'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (east central tropical Africa to south-west Kenya * '' Zanthoxylum minahassae'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * ''

Zanthoxylum molle ''Zanthoxylum molle'' () is a woody plant from the Rutaceae family. Description ''Z. molle'' is a deciduous tree with a height of 10 meters. The bark is brown and black. The tender branches are dark, purplish red. The stems have sharp spikes. Th ...

'' Rehder (China) * '' Zanthoxylum mollissimum'' (Engl.) P.Wilson (Mexico to Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum monogynum'' A.St.-Hil. (eastern Bolivia to Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum motuoense'' C.C.Huang * '' Zanthoxylum multijugum'' Franch. (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum myriacanthum ''Zanthoxylum myriacanthum'' () is a woody plant from the family Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rue

'' Wall. ex Hook.f. (eastern Himalaya to southern China and western and central Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum myrianthum'' (A.C.Sm.) P.G.Waterman (Fiji) * '' Zanthoxylum nadeaudii''

(

French Polynesia French Polynesia ( ; ; ) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole #Governance, overseas country. It comprises 121 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over more than in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. The t ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum nashii'' P.Wilson (Cuba to Hispaniola) * '' Zanthoxylum nebuletorum'' (Herzog) P.G.Waterman (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum nemorale''

Mart. Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His m ...

(eastern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum neocaledonicum'' Baker f. (New Caledonia) * ''

Zanthoxylum nigrum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Mart. (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum nitidum'' ( Roxb.) DC. – shiny-leaf prickly ash (tropical and subtropical Asia, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum novoguineense'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * '' Zanthoxylum oahuense'' Hillebr. – Oahu prickly ash (Hawaii) * '' Zanthoxylum ovalifolium''

Wight A wight is a being or thing. This general meaning is shared by cognate terms in Germanic languages, however the usage of the term varies greatly over time and between regions. In Old English, it could refer to anything in existence, with more s ...

(Andaman Island, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum'' (Engl.) Finkelstein (Angola to north-west Namibia) * '' Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum''

Edgew. Michael Pakenham Edgeworth (24 May 1812 – 30 July 1881) was an Irish botanist who specialized in seed plants and ferns, and spent most of his life working in India. He was also a pioneer of photography. Early life and family relations Edg ...

(Nepal to China and Myanmar) * '' Zanthoxylum panamense'' P.Wilson (Mexico to Central America) * '' Zanthoxylum pancheri'' P.S.Green (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum paniculatum''

Balf.f. Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour, KBE, FRS, FRSE (31 March 1853 – 30 November 1922) was a Scottish botanist. He was Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow from 1879 to 1885, Sherardian Professor of Botany at the University of Oxfor ...

(

Rodrigues Rodrigues ( ; Mauritian Creole, Creole: ) is a Autonomous administrative division, autonomous Outer islands of Mauritius, outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Isl ...

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum paracanthum'' ( Mildbr.) Kokwaro (south-east Kenya to central Tanzania) * '' Zanthoxylum paulae'' (Albuq.) P.G. Waterman (Guianas to northern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum pentandrum'' ( Aubl.) R.A.Howard (Trinidad to northern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum petenense'' Lundell (Mexico to Guatemala) * ''

Zanthoxylum petiolare ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' A.St.-Hil. & Tul. (Bolivia to Brazil and northern Argentina) * '' Zanthoxylum piasezkii''

(China) * '' Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola) * '' Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' Rehder &

E.H.Wilson Ernest Henry "Chinese" Wilson (15 February 1876 – 15 October 1930), better known as E. H. Wilson, was a British plant collector and explorer who introduced a large range of about 2,000 Asian plant species to the West; some sixty bear his nam ...

(south-central China) * ''

Zanthoxylum pimpinelloides ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Lam.) DC. (Cuba to Hispaniola) * '' Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv. (Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, south-west Pacific.) * ''

'' (L.) DC. (China to South Korea, Japan) * '' Zanthoxylum phyllopterum'' ( Griseb.) Wright (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum piasezkii'' Maxim. * '' Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterm. * '' Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' Rehder & E.H. Wilson * ''

'' ( Lam.) DC. * '' Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' Druce * ''

'' (L.) DC. – Japanese pepper, chopi, Korean pepper (

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum pluviatile'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea and Solomon Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum poggei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (western central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum psammophilum'' (Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (Ivory Coast) * '' Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum'' Babu (Ivory Coast) * '' Zanthoxylum pteracanthum'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson (China) * '' Zanthoxylum pucro'' D.M Porter (Panama to north-west Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum punctatum'' Vahl – dotted prickly ash (Caribbean) * '' Zanthoxylum quassiifolium'' (

) Standl. &

Steyerm. Julian Alfred Steyermark (January 27, 1909 – October 15, 1988) was a Venezuelan American botanist. His focus was on New World vegetation, and he specialized in the family Rubiaceae. Life and work Julian Alfred Steyermark was born in St. Louis ...

(Mexico to Guatemala.) * ''

Zanthoxylum quinduense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Tul. (western South America to north-west Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum renieri ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Uganda) * ''

Zanthoxylum retroflexum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * ''

Zanthoxylum retusum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * ''

'' (Roxb.) DC. – Cape yellowwood, Indian ivy-rue, Indian pepper (tropical Asia, Queensland) * ''

Zanthoxylum rhodoxylum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''

Zanthoxylum rhoifolium ''Zanthoxylum rhoifolium'' is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae known by the common names ''mamica de cadela'',Pereira, S. S., et al. (2010)Antinociceptive effect of ''Zanthoxylum rhoifolium'' Lam. (Rutaceae) in models of acute pain in rod ...

'' Lam. (tropical and subtropical America) * ''

Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum ''Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum'' ()is a tree from the Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rueZanthoxylum riedelianum ''Zanthoxylum riedelianum'' is a species of the plant in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' in the family Rutaceae. The native range of this species is Mexico to South America. Benefits ''Zanthoxylum'' has been used worldwide to treat different conditio ...

'' Engl. (Brazil to north-east Argentina) * ''

Zanthoxylum rigidum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

Humb. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian ministe ...

& Bonpl. ex

Willd. Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was also ...

(western South America to Paraguay) * ''

Zanthoxylum rubescens ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Planch. ex Hook. (western tropical Africa to south-west Kenya and Angola) * ''

Zanthoxylum sapindifolium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Wall. (Myanmar) * ''

Zanthoxylum sarasinii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae ...

'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * ''

Zanthoxylum scandens ''Zanthoxylum scandens'' is a species of woody plant in the family Rutaceae. Description ''Zanthoxylum scandens'' is a woody plant, observed as a shrub or woody climber. It has a self-supporting growth form, with individual plants growing up to . ...

'' Blume (southern China to Nansei-shoto and western Malesia) * ''

Siebold Siebold or von Siebold is a German language, German surname. It is a patronymic surname derived from the given name Siebold, which consists of the Old High German words ''sigu'' ("Victory") and ''bold'' ("strong"). Notable people with the surname ...

Zucc. Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (10 August 1797 – 18 February 1848) was a German botanist, Professor of Botany at the University of Munich. He worked extensively with Philipp Franz von Siebold, assisting in describing his collections from Japan, and ...

– mastic-leaf prickly ash, Sichuan pepper (central and eastern China to temperate eastern Asia) * ''

Zanthoxylum schlechteri ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum schreberi'' (

J.F.Gmel. Johann Friedrich Gmelin (8 August 1748 – 1 November 1804) was a German natural history, naturalist, chemist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist. Education Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp F ...

) Reynel ex C.Nelson (Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia, Caribbean) * ''

Zanthoxylum setulosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' P.Wilson (Costa Rica to north-west Venezuela) * ''

'' Hance (China, South Korea, Taiwan) * ''

Zanthoxylum spinosum ''Zanthoxylum spinosum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, known by the common name Biscayne prickly-ash. It is native to the Caribbean Sea, West Caribbean, including South Florida and the Florida Keys, Cuba, Bahamas, Cayman ...

'' (Sw.) Sw. (Florida to Caribbean) * ''

Zanthoxylum spondiifolium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Wall. (Myanmar) * ''

Zanthoxylum sprucei ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Engl. (Ecuador to Peru and western Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum stelligerum'' Turcz. (central and eastern Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum stenophyllum ''Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' ()is a tree from the Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rueZanthoxylum subspicatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

'' H. Perrier (Madagascar) * ''

Zanthoxylum syncarpum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Tul.) Tul. ex B.D.Jacks. (Venezuela, eastern Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum taediosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * ''

Zanthoxylum tahitense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Nadeaud) J.Florence & N.Hallé (Society Islands) * ''

Zanthoxylum tambopatense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

'' Reynel (Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum tetraphyllum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

'' (urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * ''

Zanthoxylum tetraspermum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Wight &

(southern India, Sri Lanka) * ''

Zanthoxylum thomense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Engl.)

A.Chev. Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier (June 1873, in Domfront – June 1956, in Paris) was a French botanist, taxonomist, and explorer of tropical Africa, especially of French colonial empire in Africa that included Côte d'Ivoire. He also explored an ...

ex P.G.Waterman (Gabon and Gulf of Guinea Island) * ''

Zanthoxylum thornycroftii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman (

Limpopo Limpopo () is the northernmost Provinces of South Africa, province of South Africa. It is named after the Limpopo River, which forms the province's western and northern borders. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum thouventii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' H.Perrier (Madagascar]) * ''

Zanthoxylum tidorense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Miq. (

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands ( ; , ) or the Moluccas ( ; ) are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia. Tectonics, Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located in West ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum timoriense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

Span. Johan Baptist Spanoghe (1798, Madras – 22 April 1838, Pekalongan, Java) was a Dutch botanical collector of Belgian parentage. A native of Madras, then part of British India, he became a civil servant with the Dutch East Indies government in 181 ...

(

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands (, , ), now known as Nusa Tenggara Islands (, or "Southeast Islands"), are an archipelago in the Indonesian archipelago. Most of the Lesser Sunda Islands are located within the Wallacea region, except for the Bali pro ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba'' A.St.-Hil. (eastern and southern Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum tomentellum ''Zanthoxylum tomentellum'' () is a tree from the family Rutaceae. Description ''Zanthoxylum tomentellum'' is a woody climber that can be found in valleys.. Classification The species was published in Oxford's Annals of Botany in 1895. It wou ...

'' Hook.f. (Nepal to China and Myanmar) * '' Zanthoxylum tragodes'' (L.) DC. – Niaragato (Caribbean) * ''

Zanthoxylum trijugum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxylea ...

'' ( Dunkley) P.G.Waterman (central Tanzania to Zambia) * ''

Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * ''

Zanthoxylum undulatifolium ''Zanthoxylum undulatifolium'' (from Latin ''undulati'', meaning wavy and ''folium'', meaning leaf. Chinese: 浪葉花椒, meaning "wavy-leaved prickly ash") is a woody plant from the Rutaceae family. It is native to western Hubei, eastern Sichua ...

'' Hemsl. (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum unifoliatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Groppo & Pirani (Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum usambarense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type gen ...

'' (Engl.) Kokwara (Ethiopia to Rwanda) * ''

Zanthoxylum usitatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Pierre ex

Laness. Jean Marie Antoine Louis de Lanessan (13 July 1843 – 7 November 1919) was a French statesman and naturalist. Biography De Lanessan was born in Saint-André-de-Cubzac in the Gironde department of France and entered the French Navy in 1862, ser ...

(Vietnam) * ''

Zanthoxylum venosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae ...

'' Leonard (Hispaniola) * ''

Zanthoxylum verrucosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Ecuador) * ''

Zanthoxylum vinkii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * ''

Zanthoxylum viride ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (A.Chev.) T.G.Hartley (west tropical Africa to Congo) * ''

Zanthoxylum vitiense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * ''

Zanthoxylum wutaiense ''Zanthoxylum wutaiense'' (Chinese: 屏東花椒, ping dong hua jiao, Pingtung County prickly ash) is a woody plant from the family Rutaceae. It is native to Pingtung County, Taiwan. Description ''Zanthozylum wutaiense'' is a shrub with Glabro ...

'' I.S.Chen (Taiwan) * ''

Zanthoxylum xichouense ''Zanthoxylum xichouense'' ()is a woody climber from the Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rue

'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum yakumontanum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Sugim.) Nagam. (Japan) * ''

Zanthoxylum yuanjiangensis ''Zanthoxylum yuanjiangensis'' (Chinese: 元江花椒, Yuanjiang prickly ash) is a woody plant in the Rutaceae. It is native to Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China. Description ''Z.'' ''yuanjiangensis'' is a climbing vine; it has short spines with scatter ...

'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides ''Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides'', also called Senegal prickly-ash or artar root, is a plant species in the genus ''Zanthoxylum''. The plant contains isomeric divanilloylquinic acids (3,4-O-divanilloylquinic acid or burkinabin A, 3,5-O-divanilloylq ...

'' ( Lam.) Zepern. & Timler – Senegal prickly ash (western tropical Africa)

Unplaced species

The genus ''Fagara'' has been sunk into ''Zanthoxylum'', but , no name seemed to have been provided for '' Fagara externa'', which was regarded as an

unplaced name In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...

References

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External links

* * {{Authority control Peppers Zanthoxyloideae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Dioecious plants