Yoshmut () was an

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ...

prince and one of the eldest sons of

Hulagu Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu; ; ; ; ( 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ar ...

. According to Dai Matsui and Daniel King, his name was of Christian

Uyghur Uyghur may refer to: * Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia (West China) ** Uyghur language, a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Uyghurs *** Old Uyghur language, a different Turkic language spoken in the Uyghur K ...

origin and ultimately derived from the Sogdian word "''ʿywšmbt''" (cognate with ).

Life

He was born to

and his concubine Nogachin Aghachi, a lady of Chinese of Khitan origin from camp of Qutui Khatun in Mongolia. One of the three eldest sons of Hulagu, he accompanied his father with Abaqa in his Nizari campaign in Persia from 1253.

Under Hulagu

His first assignment was subjugation of Mayyafaraqin with Sontai Noyan and Ilga Noyan of Jalairs in 1259 after Hulagu's conquest of

Diyar Bakr Diyar Bakr () is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were ...

. However

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...

malik Malik (; ; ; variously Romanized ''Mallik'', ''Melik'', ''Malka'', ''Malek'', ''Maleek'', ''Malick'', ''Mallick'', ''Melekh'') is the Semitic term translating to "king", recorded in East Semitic and Arabic, and as mlk in Northwest Semitic d ...

of the city al-Kamil Muhammad resisted Yoshmut for a while, despite reinforcements from

Mosul Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghdad. Situated on the banks of Tigris, the city encloses the ruins of the ...

sent by Badr al-Din Lu'lu'. This angered Hulagu who recalled Yoshmut after 10 months. City held until April 1260 when al-Kamil finally surrendered to Mongol army. Turned over to Hulagu's camp in Tell Bashir, al-Kamil was forced to eat his own flesh. After Mayyafaraqin, Yoshmut was sent to

Mardin Mardin (; ; romanized: ''Mārdīn''; ; ) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqids, Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris ...

, which was ruled by

Artuqid The Artuqid dynasty (alternatively Artukid, Ortoqid, or Ortokid; Old Anatolian Turkish: , , pl. ; ; ) was established in 1102 as a Turkish Anatolian Beylik (Principality) of the Seljuk Empire. It formed a Turkoman dynasty rooted in the Oghuz ...

bey Al-Sa'id Najm al-Din Ghazi I. Mardin resisted the siege for over 8 months until death of Najm al-Din. New bey Qara Arslan surrendered castle to Yoshmut and accepted Ilkhanate overlordship. Nevertheless, angry Hulagu reprimanded Yoshmut for his inability and banned him from the army that was going to battle

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

in 1262. Despite all, before his death in 1265, Hulagu appointed his sons Abaqa to viceroyalty of Khorasan and Yoshmut to

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

, Arran,

Shirvan Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan ...

and in general march of

Derbent Derbent, also historically known as Darband, or Derbend, is the southernmost city in Russia. It is situated along the southeastern coast of the Dagestan, Republic of Dagestan, occupying the narrow gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucas ...

. Yoshmut arrived at Derbent on 16 February 1265, a week after his father's death.

Under Abaqa

Hearing news of his father's death, Yoshmut rushed to capital, unsuccessfully campaigning for

kurultai A kurultai (, ),Derived from Russian language, Russian , ultimately from Middle Mongol ( ), whence Chinese language, Chinese 忽里勒台 ''Hūlǐlēitái'' (); ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (). also called a qurultai, was a political and military counc ...

but losing hope returning to Derbent after 2 days. In turn, Abaqa reaffirmed his position in Derbent on 19 June 1265, on day of his coronation. After Abaqa's election,

faced another invasion by

. Yoshmut fought with Golden Horde commander Nogai on banks of Aqsu river in

on 19–20 July 1265 and managed to shoot him in the eye after a fierce battle, forcing him to retreat. Abaqa pursued Nogai's army across the Kur, hoping to wipe it out, but Abaqa was forced to withdraw when

Berke Berke Khan (died 1266/1267; also Birkai; Turki/ Kypchak: برکه خان, , ) was a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi and a Mongol military commander and ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, who effectively c ...

arrived with reinforcements. Yoshmut participated in his brother's war with 10.000 soldiers in 1270 against Chagatai khan Baraq, who was threatening Ilkhanate borders. While Abaqa was dealing with Tegüder in west, Yoshmut battled with Baraq, often faced with defeats. After Abaqa's arrival on vicinity of

Herat Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Se ...

, he was given command of left flank with

Arghun Aqa Arghun Agha, also Arghun Aqa or Arghun the Elder (; ; - 1275) was a Mongol noble of the Oirat clan in the 13th century. He was a governor in the Mongol-controlled area of Persia from 1243 to 1255, before the Ilkhanate was created by Hulagu. Ar ...

, Atabeg Yusufshah of Yazd,

Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a nominal Qutlughkhanid prince of Kerman, a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad and Kutlugh Turkan. Life Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a minor when his father Qutb al-Din Mohammad died in 1257. Kerman nobles assembled and as ...

, Sontai Noyan, Buriltai Noyan, Shiktur Noyan and Abdallah Aqa commanding under him. Battle was won after three assaults on 22 July 1270 and resulted with Baraq's flee.

Death and legacy

Yoshmut died on 18 July 1271. He was known for his hot temper and unpopularity among military. One of his descendants - Ilyas - became a figurehead Ilkhan with the regnal name Suleiman Khan.

Family

He had at least four sons: # Qara Noqai — took part in Nawruz's revolt, executed by

Arghun Arghun Khan ( Mongolian Cyrillic: Аргун; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a de ...

on 7 Oct 1289 with his children in

Damghan Damghan () is a city in the Central District (Damghan County), Central District of Damghan County, Semnan province, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is east of Tehran on the high-road to Mash ...

. # Sogai — executed by

Ghazan Mahmud Ghazan (5 November 1271 – 11 May 1304) (, Ghazan Khan, sometimes westernized as Casanus was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun, grandson of Abaqa K ...

in 1296 for Sulamish's revolt in

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. ## Yusufshah ### Ilyas # Janbu — died on 31 December 1291, on Jaghatu plains Another son of Yoshmut was attested in Turkish sources named Jumudar (). His mummified body was found in Amasya and his death was dated to 1296,

's reign. It is being displayed in Amasya Museum.{{Cite web, url=https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2016/11/11/mummies-of-anatolia-still-a-matter-of-interest, title=Mummies of Anatolia still a matter of interest, last=Ekinci, first=Ekrem Buğra, date=2016-11-11, website=Daily Sabah, language=en, access-date=2020-04-15

References

Ilkhanate 1271 deaths Generals of the Ilkhanate