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Yosemite Sam ( ) is a
cartoon A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently Animation, animated, in an realism (arts), unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or s ...
character in the ''
Looney Tunes ''Looney Tunes'' is an American media franchise produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The franchise began as a series of animated short films that originally ran from 1930 to 1969, alongside its spin-off series ''Merrie Melodies'', during t ...
'' and '' Merrie Melodies'' series of short films produced by Warner Bros. His name is taken from
Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park ( ) is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States in California. It is bordered on the southeast by Sierra National Forest and on the northwest by Stanislaus National Forest. The p ...
in California. His real name is ''Aloysius Bartholamew Sam''. He is an adversary of
Bugs Bunny Bugs Bunny is a cartoon character created in the late 1930s at Warner Bros. Cartoons (originally Leon Schlesinger, Leon Schlesinger Productions) and Voice acting, voiced originally by Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his featured roles in the ' ...
and his
archenemy In literature, an archenemy, (sometimes spelled as arch-enemy) or nemesis is the main enemy of the protagonist — or sometimes, one of the other main characters — appearing as the most prominent and most-known enemy of the hero. Etymolog ...
alongside
Elmer Fudd Elmer J. Fudd is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ''Looney Tunes''/''Merrie Melodies'' series and the archenemy of Bugs Bunny. Elmer Fudd's aim is to hunt Bugs, but he usually ends up seriously injuring himself and other antag ...
. He is commonly depicted as a mean-spirited and extremely aggressive, gunslinging
outlaw An outlaw, in its original and legal meaning, is a person declared as outside the protection of the law. In pre-modern societies, all legal protection was withdrawn from the criminal, so anyone was legally empowered to persecute or kill them. ...
or
cowboy A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the ''vaquero'' ...
with a
hair-trigger A trigger is a mechanism (engineering), mechanism that Actuator, actuates the function of a ranged weapon such as a firearm, airgun, crossbow, or speargun. The word may also be used to describe a switch that initiates the operation of other n ...
temper and an intense hatred of rabbits, Bugs in particular. In cartoons with non-Western themes, he uses various aliases, including "Chilkoot Sam" (named for the Chilkoot Trail; Sam pronounces it "Chilli-koot") and "Square-deal Sam" in '' 14 Carrot Rabbit'', "Riff Raff Sam" in '' Sahara Hare'', "Sam Schultz" in '' Big House Bunny'', "Seagoin' Sam" in '' Buccaneer Bunny'', "Shanghai Sam" in '' Mutiny on the Bunny'', "Von Schamm the Hessian" in '' Bunker Hill Bunny'', "Baron Sam von Schpamm" in '' Dumb Patrol'', "Pancho Vanilla" in '' Pancho's Hideaway'' and many others. During the
golden age of American animation The golden age of American animation was a period that began with the popularization of Sound film, sound synchronized cartoons in 1928 and gradually ended in the 1960s when theatrical animated shorts started to lose popularity to the newer medi ...
, Yosemite Sam appeared as antagonist in 33 animated shorts made between 1945 and 1964.


History

Animator An animator is an artist who creates images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, and video games. Animat ...
Friz Freleng introduced the villain character in the 1945 cartoon '' Hare Trigger''. With his grumpy demeanor, fiery temper, strident voice, and short stature (in two early gags in ''Hare Trigger'', a train he is attempting to rob passes right over top of him and he has to use a set of portable stairs to get on his horse; in '' Bugs Bunny Rides Again'', he rides a miniature horse), along with his fiery red hair, Sam was in some ways a caricature of Freleng. While he often denied any intentional resemblance, in the '' Looney Tunes Golden Collection'', surviving members of his production crew assert, and the director's daughter acknowledges, that Sam definitely was inspired by Freleng. Freleng himself even said in an interview with the
Associated Press The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit organization, not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are dist ...
that "I have the same temperament, I'm small, and I used to have a red mustache." Other influences were the Red Skelton character Sheriff Deadeye and the
Tex Avery Frederick Bean "Tex" Avery (; February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist, animation director, director, and voice actor. He was known for directing and producing animated cartoons during the golden age of America ...
cartoon '' Dangerous Dan McFoo''. When he does a "slow burn" and cries "Oooooh!" he borrows a bit from such comedic character actors as Jimmy Finlayson (a frequent foil to
Laurel and Hardy Laurel and Hardy were a British-American double act, comedy duo during the early Classical Hollywood cinema, Classical Hollywood era of American cinema, consisting of Englishman Stan Laurel (1890–1965) and American Oliver Hardy (1892–1957) ...
) and Frank Nelson (one of Mel Blanc's costars on '' The Jack Benny Program''). Freleng also cited the Terrible-Tempered Mr. Bang, a character in the '' Toonerville Trolley'' comic strip, as an influence. In his memoir '' Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist'', Chuck Jones says that a great-uncle who occasionally visited his family was a retired Texas Ranger who was short, had
red hair Red hair, also known as ginger hair, is a human hair color found in 2–6% of people of northern Europe, Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals Zygosity#Homozy ...
, a large mustache, and a hair-trigger temper (but no beard, unlike Sam). Michael Maltese originally considered calling the character Texas Tiny, Wyoming Willie, or Denver Dan, but then settled on the final name. Other characters with Sam-like features appear in several ''Looney Tunes'' shorts. The Bugs Bunny entry '' Super-Rabbit'' (1943) features the cowboy character "Cottontail Smith", whose voice is similar to Sam's. '' Stage Door Cartoon'' (1944), however, features a southern sheriff character that looks and sounds similar to Sam, except for a more defined Southern stereotype to his voice. In a Daffy Duck cartoon called '' Along Came Daffy'' (1947), Daffy has to contend with ''two'' Yosemite Sams, one with Sam's red hair and one with black hair. Finally, ''Pancho's Hideaway'' (1964) features a Mexican villain who is designed much like Sam but has a different accent. In addition, in the 1949
Chuck Jones Charles Martin Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, painter, voice actor and filmmaker, best known for his work with Warner Bros. Cartoons on the ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' series of shorts. He ...
-directed cartoon '' Mississippi Hare'', Bugs Bunny battles with an old, pistol-toting gambler called
Colonel Shuffle The ''Looney Tunes'' and '' Merrie Melodies'' series of animated shorts released by Warner Bros. feature a range of characters which are listed and briefly detailed here. Major characters from the franchise include Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer ...
, one whose role could have easily been portrayed by Sam. Freleng created Yosemite Sam to be a more formidable adversary for Bugs Bunny. Until then, Bugs' major foe had been
Elmer Fudd Elmer J. Fudd is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ''Looney Tunes''/''Merrie Melodies'' series and the archenemy of Bugs Bunny. Elmer Fudd's aim is to hunt Bugs, but he usually ends up seriously injuring himself and other antag ...
, a man so mild-mannered and good-natured that Freleng thought Bugs actually came off as a bully by duping him. Sam, on the other hand, was extremely violent and belligerent, not at all a pushover like Fudd. Freleng compacted into a tiny body and 11-gallon hat the largest voice and the largest ego "north, south, east, aaaaand west of the Pecos". For over 19 years, except for one cartoon ('' Hare-Abian Nights'' in 1959) Freleng's unit had exclusive usage of Sam at the Warner studio. Though officially a
cowboy A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the ''vaquero'' ...
, Freleng put Sam in a different costume in almost every film: a
knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
, a Roman legionary, a
pirate Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and valuable goods, or taking hostages. Those who conduct acts of piracy are call ...
, a royal cook, a
prison A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, or remand center, is a facility where Prisoner, people are Imprisonment, imprisoned under the authority of the State (polity), state ...
guard, a
duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...
(Duke of Yosemite, no less), a Hessian mercenary, a Confederate soldier, a mountain climber (climbing the 'Shmadderhorn' mountain in Switzerland), a hen-pecked house husband and even a space alien. The humor of the cartoons inevitably springs from the odd miscasting of the hot-tempered cowboy. However, some countries seem to prefer his pirate incarnation, as "Sam the Pirate" is his official name in
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
and a frequent alternative name in
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
. While Sam's basic character is that of a cowboy, he usually wears a black Domino mask (or just a wide black outline on the outer sides of his eyes) to show that he is an outlaw. This is so associated with his persona that he wears the mask even when dressed as a duke, a riff, a pirate, or a Viking. Sam is significantly tougher and more aggressive than Elmer Fudd when challenging Bugs Bunny. He is also quicker to learn from his mistakes and rarely falls for the same ploy twice. But despite Sam's bluster, he does not prove much brighter than Elmer in his encounters with Bugs. His noise contrasts to the calmly cocky rabbit. Sam's own cockiness always gets the best of him; Bugs can see he is incapable of turning down a challenge. Every time Bugs dares Sam to "step across that line", he cannot help but do so, even if he steps off into empty space or down a mine shaft. Yosemite Sam was depicted without six-gun pistols in '' Looney Tunes Cartoons'' on the streaming service, HBO Max. The series'
executive producer Executive producer (EP) is one of the top positions in the production of media. Depending on the medium, the executive producer may be concerned with management accounting or associated with legal issues (like copyrights or royalties). In film ...
and showrunner, Peter Browngardt, said the character could still continue to use cartoon violence, such as
dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern German ...
and Acme-related paraphernalia. However, this change appears to have been reversed, as he is once again depicted using his pistols in '' Space Jam: A New Legacy'' (2021).


Personality

Sam is one of Bugs' toughest antagonists, proudly calling himself the meanest, toughest hombre in the West. Sam is a character more aggressive than Bugs' other regular antagonist,
Elmer Fudd Elmer J. Fudd is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ''Looney Tunes''/''Merrie Melodies'' series and the archenemy of Bugs Bunny. Elmer Fudd's aim is to hunt Bugs, but he usually ends up seriously injuring himself and other antag ...
, given that Sam has a tougher accent; a higher, fiercer voice; and a more violent spirit, although he is portrayed as a bumbling fool in most of his appearances. Sam has had several occupations in his life that Bugs has gotten in the way of. Among his occupations are: *
Confederate Army The Confederate States Army (CSA), also called the Confederate army or the Southern army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fi ...
soldier: In '' Southern Fried Rabbit'', Sam is a Confederate soldier who attempts to prevent Bugs from crossing the
Mason–Dixon line The Mason–Dixon line, sometimes referred to as Mason and Dixon's Line, is a demarcation line separating four U.S. states: Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia. It was Surveying, surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason ...
, although the cartoon takes place long after the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. Bugs tells Sam the war ended almost 90 years ago, but Sam insists, "I'm no clock-watcher!" and refuses to leave his post unless he receives orders from
Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a general officers in the Confederate States Army, Confederate general during the American Civil War, who was appointed the General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate ...
. This gag may have been inspired by the actual discovery of Japanese soldiers still manning their posts, long after
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
had ended. * Prison guard: In '' Big House Bunny'', Sam (known here as Sam Schulz) arrests and imprisons Bugs for a false accusation (escaping prison) and gives him 99 years in jail. However, he gets infuriated and lets Bugs out of prison after Bugs annoys him including briefly getting Sam beaten up and locked up in jail himself. However, when letting Bugs out, he is jailed by the
Warden A warden is a custodian, defender, or guardian. Warden is often used in the sense of a watchman or guardian, as in a prison warden. It can also refer to a chief or head official, as in the Warden of the Mint. ''Warden'' is etymologically ident ...
(who gets infuriated with the antics that cause Bugs to get Sam in trouble with him) for Bugs' doings and for letting a prisoner (Bugs) escape. Sam then vows to get even with the stool pigeon who squealed on him. It then cuts to Bugs on a stool making the sounds of a pigeon. *
Pirate Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and valuable goods, or taking hostages. Those who conduct acts of piracy are call ...
: In '' Buccaneer Bunny'', Sam is known as "Sea-Goin' Sam", who is trying to bury his treasure, only for Bugs to foil his attempt. In '' Captain Hareblower'', Sam is a pirate captain who is able to intimidate and scare sailors and other pirates. Sam encounters a trading ship led by Bugs and decides to take it for himself. With all of Bugs' fellow sailors too cowardly to face Sam or have drowned in the ocean, Bugs challenges Sam to a fight. Sam and Bugs battle each other's ships with Bugs on the verge of winning. The battle ends up with Sam being forced to abandon ship to escape an inevitable explosion on his own pirate ship. Sam then unknowingly triumphs over Bugs by lighting Bugs' "powder room" (filled with make-up, not gunpowder) into exploding and escaping by himself, but not before giving a warning for Bugs to get the match (an order Bugs does not follow, believing that ''" Talcum powder doesn't explode."''). And in '' From Hare to Eternity'', Sam, a.k.a. "Buccaneer Sam", tries to find treasure, only to find Bugs protecting it. * Riff-Raffer/
Cowboy A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the ''vaquero'' ...
: In '' Sahara Hare'', Sam is a proud intimidating North African version of a cowboy: a Riff-Raffer who owns the
Sahara Desert The Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the list of deserts by area, third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Ar ...
. When Bugs ends up in the desert when trying to find Miami Beach, he sees the rabbit trespassing and chases him into a deserted castle. Sam sees Bugs using the castle for protection and tries several unsuccessful attempts at breaking into the castle, eventually ending with Bugs escaping after causing a booby trap that Sam falls for: an armed bomb-coated door that will explode if Sam opens the door to the castle. * Guard Captain: In '' Roman Legion-Hare'', Sam is the captain of the Roman Imperial Guard, and he is ordered by Grand Emperor
Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his ...
to find a victim for the
lion The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'', native to Sub-Saharan Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body (biology), body; a short, rounded head; round ears; and a dark, hairy tuft at the ...
s at once, or else he will be their prey. He then heads out to look for a victim with a small band of imperial guards when Bugs shows up. When asked if it was a convention of the legion, Sam replies he's looking for victims to feed the lions and is shocked to learn that no other victimssave Bugsare present. He then chases the crafty cottontail into the
Colosseum The Colosseum ( ; , ultimately from Ancient Greek word "kolossos" meaning a large statue or giant) is an Ellipse, elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphi ...
, where the lions await. Try as he might to keep the big cats quiet, they always tear his golden armor to shreds or ruffle the fuzz on his helmet. And when he does present Bugs to Nero, the lions surge directly toward them, leaving Bugs unscathed. *
Viking Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.Roesdahl, pp. 9� ...
: In '' Prince Violent'', Sam is a Viking grunt who attempts to raid the archduchy castle, which happens to be under Bugs's protection. Bugs teasingly tells him that it's too early for
Halloween Halloween, or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve), is a celebration geography of Halloween, observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christianity, Western Christian f ...
and then kicks Sam out of the castle. He even hires an
Asian elephant The Asian elephant (''Elephas maximus''), also known as the Asiatic elephant, is the only living ''Elephas'' species. It is the largest living land animal in Asia and the second largest living Elephantidae, elephantid in the world. It is char ...
to first ram what Sam thinks to be a door, but it is really a painting imitating a door, so the elephant is reduced to the shape of an
accordion Accordions (from 19th-century German language, German ', from '—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a Reed (mou ...
- before smashing his master into the same shape. Next, the elephant tries to demolish the castle walls with large boulders, but Bugs still remains persistent in defending the castle by sprinkling pepper over the elephant's trunk, which causes the pachyderm to sneeze and launch a bolder into Sam. Next, Bugs signals for the bridge to lower, at which point, the elephant charges onto it with Sam riding, but the elephant's weight proves to be too much for the bridge. Next, he suggests attacking the castle from the rear, but Bugs (defensive as always) cleverly places a champagne cork in the elephant's trunk, causing him to swim back to land in his struggle to breathe, leaving Sam in the water. This drives Sam to permanently evict the elephant, chasing him away: "''AND DON'T COME BACK!!!!!'' I'll handle that Prince Varmint myself!". His attempts to raid the castle are cut short when the same elephant joins Bugs in kicking him out of the kingdom for good. * Indian Chief: In '' Horse Hare'', Sam is the chief of an Indian tribe during the Indian-American wars in 1886. One day, Sam sees a USA fort and decides to steal it for his tribe. He sees that Sergeant Bugs Bunny is guarding the fort and challenges him to war. Chief Sam has his men attack through various means such as launching himself into the fort, firing guns, etcetera, but Sam is put on probation when he is accused of firing at one of his soldiers (it was actually Bugs). Eventually, the USA cavalry returns, and it helps Bugs defeat Sam and his army of Indians. * Hessian soldier in the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
: In '' Bunker Hill Bunny'', Sam is Sam von Schamm, a German soldier defending a fort who attacks Bugs's fort. After being defeated, he concedes "I'm a Hessian without no aggression." * German pilot: In '' Dumb Patrol'', Sam is Baron Sam Von Schpamm, a
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
German Air Force pilot who tries to shoot down Bugs, but who fails and ends up as a Hell's Angel. * Duke: In '' From Hare to Heir'', Sam is the Duke of Yosemite. Bugs arrives at Sam's door with the promise to give him a million pounds if Sam keeps his temper. Bugs makes requests, annoys Sam at night, and stays in the bathroom in the morning, prompting Sam to lose his temper and shout unintelligible gibberish, cutting pounds off the offer in the process. When Sam comes up to Bugs saying that he does not get mad anymore, and has his assistants kick him in the rear end, throw a pie in his face and hit him on the head with a rolling pin to prove this, Bugs says "I haven't got the heart to tell him he's used up all the money." * Legendary Mountain climber: A legendary mountain climber in '' Piker's Peak'', Sam hears of a contest where whoever hikes up and reaches the deadly highest mountain in the world, will receive money equaled to trillions of dollars in today's money; 50,000 Cronkites (named after television host
Walter Cronkite Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist who served as anchorman for the ''CBS Evening News'' from 1962 to 1981. During the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as "the most trust ...
). ("Cronkite" is also a jest on "Klondike", the location of a great Gold Rush.) Sam takes up the contest, and he decides to climb up the mountain which is based on Pike's Peak. However, when he reaches the basecamp at thousands of feet, he encounters Bugs, who also hears about the contest. With both of them wanting the prize, Sam then must race and defeat Bugs along the way up to Piker's Peak to get the money. *
Cowboy A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the ''vaquero'' ...
: In '' Wild and Woolly Hare'', Sam is a legendary cowboy gangster who dominates much of the wild west through intimidation. One day, he comes to take over a cafe in an Old Western town and is insulted by Bugs. Angered by the insult, Sam challenges Bugs to a fight to the death. With Bugs on the verge of winning through trickery and deception, Sam decides to try one last time to intimidate the town; to rob a train. But Bugs hijacks the train to save it. Sam tries to follow it by horse and orders Bugs to get off by the time he counts to a specific number. However, just before he reaches his final number, he always runs into some form of large obstacle, like a telephone pole or a tunnel wall and then falls off a bridge. A frustrated Sam tries to get on another train and force Bugs to surrender by preparing to ram head-on into Bugs' train. However, Bugs foils him by switching the railroad tracks causing Sam's train engine to crash hundreds of feet into a gorge's river. * Alien: In '' Lighter Than Hare'', Sam of Outer Space is an alien from a foreign planet. Inside a flying saucer spaceship, Sam reveals his mission to find an earth creature to take back to his planet for uses such as slaves, producing on their planet Etcetera. Sam detects Bugs and sends his army of robots to attack Bugs' hideout. After a long struggle, Sam's robots are blown to pieces. Finally, an exasperated Sam uses an incinerating laser cannon to threaten Bugs into surrendering and boarding his space ship. Sam then flies out of earth to his planet, unaware that he has actually captured a decoy of Bugs filled with bombs. When Sam presents the dummy to his leader, the bombs explode. *
Sailor A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship. While the term ''sailor'' ...
: In '' Rabbitson Crusoe'', Sam is a sailor whose boat is irreparably damaged, and lives as a castaway. ("A low tide and a high rock caused my predicament.") Sam jumps across rocks to a deserted island and spends many years there being targeted as a meal by a
shark Sharks are a group of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish characterized by a ribless endoskeleton, dermal denticles, five to seven gill slits on each side, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the ...
named Dopey Dick. After some time, Sam grows tired of eating coconuts and finds Bugs. He decides to cook up Bugs for dinner. After a long battle, eventually, the island is reclaimed by the seas and Sam ends up being chased by Dopey Dick. Sam is then forced to make a deal with Bugs where Bugs will not let Dopey Dick eat Sam and take Sam in his boat (the cooking pot) back to civilization ... but only if Sam is the one that does all the work in paddling 2,736 miles to
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
, California. *
Chef A chef is a professional Cook (profession), cook and tradesperson who is proficient in all aspects of outline of food preparation, food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine. The word "chef" is derived from the term (), the di ...
: In '' Shishkabugs'', Sam has one of his rare performances where his goal is not for evil purposes and where he is not the aggressor. In this episode, Sam is a very kind, generous chef for a very rude, spoiled
king King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
who has Sam enslaved through blackmail. One day, Sam makes the king a usual buffet only for the King to rudely kick it away and demand something new. "Every day, it's the same thing: ''variety''!" he complains. "I want something different!" That something new is Hasenpfeffer whose base is cooked
rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas). They are familiar throughout the world as a small herbivore, a prey animal, a domesticated ...
. Sam captures Bugs and puts Bugs in the meal, but Bugs outsmarts Sam twice and the King blames it all on Sam. Eventually, the King loses his patience and has guards arrest Sam and installs Bugs as his new chef. The King claims to have set up Sam's death. But since Sam is seen alive in more episodes, it is presumed that either he was found not guilty by the kingdom court, the citizens demanded Sam's release, or Sam escaped. *
Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
: In '' Knighty Knight Bugs'', Sam is the Black Knight and has stolen the Singing Sword.
King Arthur According to legends, King Arthur (; ; ; ) was a king of Great Britain, Britain. He is a folk hero and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain. In Wales, Welsh sources, Arthur is portrayed as a le ...
hires court jester Bugs to retrieve the sword. After retrieving it, Bugs escapes Sam and manages to lock Sam out of his castle. Sam attempts to break back in, but each attempt backfires. Eventually, Bugs leads Sam and his fire-breathing
dragon A dragon is a Magic (supernatural), magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but European dragon, dragons in Western cultures since the Hi ...
into the
dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern German ...
storage facility. The dragon sneezes, blowing the two of them to the
moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...
. * Trolley conductor: In '' Tweety's High-Flying Adventure'', Sam drives a trolley in
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
. The trolley is hijacked by Sylvester, who is hoping to use it to chase Tweety. Instead, he breaks the throttle which is used as a brake, rendering the trolley out of control. It speeds all over San Francisco, ending up on Alcatraz. During this, Sam attests to Sylvester's idiocy, eventually chasing Sylvester all over Alcatraz with his hat. He also chases Sylvester on a train to Las Vegas, only to be locked on another train heading out of the city.


Later years

Yosemite Sam made appearances in several television specials in the 1970s and 1980s, and in three of the ''Looney Tunes'' feature-film compilations. Sam was the star of his own
comic book A comic book, comic-magazine, or simply comic is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panel (comics), panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and wri ...
series from 1970 to 1984, for a total of 81 issues. Published by Gold Key / Whitman Comics, the official title of the series was ''Yosemite Sam and Bugs Bunny''. Yosemite Sam was the main basis for the character of The Grump from DePatie-Freleng Enterprises's TV series '' Here Comes the Grump''. The Grump's dragon was similar to Sam's in '' Knighty Knight Bugs'', right down to the fiery nasal explosions upon its master. He also made a cameo appearance in
Disney The Walt Disney Company, commonly referred to as simply Disney, is an American multinational mass media and entertainment industry, entertainment conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios (Burbank), Walt Di ...
/ Amblin's ''
Who Framed Roger Rabbit ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. It is loosely based on the 1981 novel ''Who Censored Roger Rabbit?'' by Gary K. Wol ...
'', where he is blasted out of Toontown. In the film, he is the only Looney Tunes character to not be voiced by Mel Blanc, with Joe Alaskey taking the role. Yosemite Sam was one of the classic Looney Tunes characters who appeared as faculty members of Acme Looniversity in the 1990s
animated series An animated series, or a cartoon series, is a set of Animation, animated films with a common title, usually related to one another. These episodes typically share the same main heroes, some different secondary characters and a basic theme. Series ...
''
Tiny Toon Adventures ''Tiny Toon Adventures'' is an American animated television series created by Tom Ruegger and produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It originally aired from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992, airing in syndication before eventually settling a ...
''. Sam was shown teaching classes in Firearms and Anvilology (the study of falling anvils, a staple joke in the Looney Tunes genre), and was sometimes portrayed as the school principal (though at least one episode identified Bugs Bunny as the principal, and Wile E. Coyote was Dean of Acme Loo). As with all the main Looney Tunes characters, Sam had a student counterpart at Acme Loo in Montana Max. In "K-Acme TV", Yosemite Sam was seen as the
judge A judge is a person who wiktionary:preside, presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other Evidence (law), evidence presented by the barris ...
of "Toon Court" (a parody of ''
The People's Court ''The People's Court'' is an American Court show#Arbitration-based reality court show, arbitration-based reality court show, featuring an arbitrator handling small claims court, small claims disputes in a simulation, simulated courtroom set. W ...
'') where he proceeded over a trial where Calamity Coyote issues a complaint against the ACME Corporation for negligence and faulty workmanship. The ACME Corporation's representative Bobbo ACME claims that the devices made by the ACME Corporation work if they are used right as he demonstrates the catapult on Calamity Coyote. Judge Yosemite Sam finds in favor of the ACME Corporation. In the same episode, Yosemite Sam appeared as a prospector in a documentary detailing about the sightings of a furry creature called Bigbutt (a spoof of Bigfoot). Yosemite Sam also appeared along with Bugs Bunny in a number of Mirinda commercials in the early 90s, due to direct competition to Fanta, being advertised with
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characters at that time. He also appears in the movie '' Space Jam'' as a player for the Tune Squad. In a memorable scene, he and Elmer Fudd shoot off the teeth of one of the Monstars while clad in '' Pulp Fiction''-esque attire, complete with Dick Dale's " Misirlou" playing. In an earlier scene, when the Nerdlucks hold all the toons hostage, he confronts the Nerdlucks, pointing his pistols at them, and orders them to release all the toons ... only to have the lead Nerdluck fire a laser pistol back at him, which leaves Sam smoldering naked and beardless as the phasers burned off his mustache. Sam also appeared in ''The Warners 65th Anniversary Special'' and two episodes of 1995's '' The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries''. In the 2003 movie '' Looney Tunes: Back in Action'', Yosemite Sam is a bounty hunter employed by the
Acme Corporation The Acme Corporation is a fictional company, fictional corporation that features prominently in the ''Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, Road Runner/Wile E. Coyote'' animated shorts as a running gag. The company manufactures outlandish product ...
who was hired to finish off DJ Drake and Daffy Duck. In this film, he owns a casino in
Las Vegas Las Vegas, colloquially referred to as Vegas, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Clark County. The Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area is the largest within the greater Mojave Desert, and second-l ...
, which he calls Yosemite Sam's Wooden Nickel, and is accompanied by Nasty Canasta and Cottontail Smith from '' Super-Rabbit'' (who may be originally employed as his security guards). He goes as far as betting a large sack of money to get the card, stealing Jeff Gordon's car, and even using a stick of Dynamite to beat DJ and Daffy. In 2004, a possible numbers station in Albuquerque using the character's voice began transmitting, taking a piece of audio from the 1950 '' Merrie Melodies'' cartoon '' Bunker Hill Bunny'', days after it was discovered and its location was tracked, the station ceased broadcasting but returned for a short time again in 2005, but hasn't been heard since. This was referred to as the '' Yosemite Sam transmission.'' This was also believed to have a reference to the ''
Bugs Bunny Bugs Bunny is a cartoon character created in the late 1930s at Warner Bros. Cartoons (originally Leon Schlesinger, Leon Schlesinger Productions) and Voice acting, voiced originally by Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his featured roles in the ' ...
'' quote "I knew I should have taken that left turn at Albuquerque." Sam also plays the role of minor villain K'Chutha Sa'am (a parody of the
Klingon The Klingons ( ; Klingon language, Klingon: ''tlhIngan'' ) are a humanoid species of aliens in the science fiction franchise ''Star Trek''. Developed by screenwriter Gene L. Coon in 1967 for the Star Trek: The Original Series, original ''Star T ...
) in the '' Duck Dodgers'' animated TV series. His descendant appears in '' Loonatics Unleashed'', where he allied with Duece to trick Ace into giving him his sword. He also appears in the video games '' Loons: The Fight for Fame'', '' Taz: Wanted'', '' Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle'', '' The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle 2'', '' Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle 3'', '' The Bugs Bunny Birthday Blowout'', '' Bugs Bunny: Rabbit Rampage'', '' Bugs Bunny in Double Trouble'', '' Bugs Bunny: Lost in Time'', '' Bugs Bunny and Taz: Time Busters'', '' Sheep, Dog, 'n' Wolf'', '' Looney Tunes B-Ball'', '' Daffy Duck in Hollywood'' and the '' Looney Tunes: Back in Action'' video game. In '' Looney Tunes: Acme Arsenal'', Yosemite Sam makes an appearance riding a railway cart on the Wild West level. He also makes a small cameo in '' Multiversus'' as a custom ring out animation. Yosemite Sam appears in multiple episodes of '' The Looney Tunes Show'', voiced by Maurice LaMarche. Sam is depicted as being well meaning, but suffering anger problems. He first appeared in the show in three ''Merrie Melodies'' segments called "Blow My Stack", "Moostache" and "Stick to My Guns". Yosemite Sam is one of Bugs and Daffy's neighbors. In the episode "Daffy Duck, Esq.", it is revealed that his full name is Samuel Rosenbaum and thus established him as being
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
(both his creator Friz Freleng and original voice actor Mel Blanc were also Jewish, though there is no evidence that Freleng had ever explicitly intended Sam to have been a Jew). In "Ridiculous Journey", it is revealed that Yosemite Sam has a cousin in Blacque Jacque Shellacque who Yosemite Sam enlisted to recover Sylvester, Tweety, and Tasmanian Devil after they were accidentally shipped to Alaska. It was through Yosemite Sam that Bugs Bunny and Granny enlisted Blacque Jacque Shellacque's help. In "You've Got Hate Mail" after accidentally being sent an angry email by Daffy, Sam decides to change his ways and proceeds to shave, sell his cowboy clothes, and become a normal suburbanite. However, after a particularly annoying book club meeting, he reverts to his old ways. Yosemite Sam appears in the 2015 DTV movie '' Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run'' voiced by Maurice LaMarche. He appears in '' New Looney Tunes'' (originally Wabbit) voiced by Maurice LaMarche in season one and by Fred Tatasciore in season two and three. His appearance has him depicted to having a larger moustache, a stout body and a different hat. Yosemite Sam is often shown trying to commit crimes or obtain items where Bugs Bunny always thwarts him. He is also shown to own a lot of cats at his house. He later appears as a recurring character in '' Looney Tunes Cartoons'', voiced again by Fred Tatasciore, returning to a rivalry with Bugs Bunny in a similar way to their cartoons from the
golden age of American animation The golden age of American animation was a period that began with the popularization of Sound film, sound synchronized cartoons in 1928 and gradually ended in the 1960s when theatrical animated shorts started to lose popularity to the newer medi ...
. In '' Tiny Toons Looniversity'', he is usually seen accompanying Granny and is a security guard at Acme Looniversity. Yosemite Sam appears in the ''
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'' episode, "Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary". He is among the Looney Tunes characters guests for the Warner Bros. centennial celebration, voiced once again by Fred Tatasciore.


Voice actors


Mel Blanc

The role of Yosemite Sam was originated by Warners Bros' principal voice man, Mel Blanc. In his autobiography, Blanc said he had a difficult time coming up with the voice when he played a similar character called Tex on Judy Canova's radio show. He tried giving Sam a small voice but did not feel that it worked. One day, he decided to simply yell at the top of his voice, which was inspired by a fit of road rage he had that day. It fit perfectly with the blustery character but was also a strain on Blanc's throat, thus he always did Yosemite Sam's lines at the end of a recording session so he could rest himself overnight. As he got into his 70s, the voice became too rough on his throat; the role of Sam was taken over by future Looney Tunes voice actor Joe Alaskey in ''
Who Framed Roger Rabbit ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. It is loosely based on the 1981 novel ''Who Censored Roger Rabbit?'' by Gary K. Wol ...
'' while Blanc played all his other Looney Tunes roles in the film. This makes Sam one of the few voices created by Blanc to be voiced by someone else during his lifetime. Blanc used the same voice to depict Bob and Doug McKenzie's father (portrayed by Dave Thomas, but dubbed with Blanc's voice) in the film ''Strange Brew'' (1983). Blanc voiced the character for the last time in his lifetime in the 1989 TV special ''Bugs Bunny's Wild World of Sports''. Archive recordings of Blanc as Yosemite Sam were used in the 1999
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video game, '' Bugs Bunny: Lost in Time'' (a decade after Blanc's death). Blanc used a voice similar to Yosemite Sam's for Mr. Spacely on '' The Jetsons''.


Others

* Gilbert Mack ( Golden Records records, ''Bugs Bunny Songfest'') * Jerry Hausner (one line in '' Devil's Feud Cake'') * Richard Andrews (''Bugs Bunny Exercise and Adventure Album'') * Joe Alaskey (''
Who Framed Roger Rabbit ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. It is loosely based on the 1981 novel ''Who Censored Roger Rabbit?'' by Gary K. Wol ...
'', ''
Tiny Toon Adventures ''Tiny Toon Adventures'' is an American animated television series created by Tom Ruegger and produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It originally aired from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992, airing in syndication before eventually settling a ...
'', ''Bugs & Friends Sing the Beatles'', ''Bugs & Friends Sing Elvis'', ''Looney Tunes'' webtoons, TomTom ''Looney Tunes'' GPS, ''Looney Tunes ClickN READ Phonics'') * Jeff Bergman ( 1989 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, ''Bugs Bunny's 50th Birthday Spectacular'', ''Tiny Toon Adventures'', Tyson Foods commercial, '' (Blooper) Bunny'', '' Invasion of the Bunny Snatchers'',
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bumpers, '' Looney Tunes Dash'', '' Space Jam: A New Legacy'') * Noel Blanc (''You Rang?'' answering machine messages, '' Bugs Bunny's Birthday Ball'') * Charlie Adler (''Tiny Toon Adventures'') * Russell Calabrese (vocal effects in '' (Blooper) Bunny'') * Keith Scott ( Mirinda commercials, '' Looney Tunes Musical Revue'', ''The Christmas Looney Tunes Classic Collection'', '' Spectacular Light and Sound Show Illuminanza'', Tazos ''Looney Tunes'' commercial, KFC commercials, ''The Looney Tunes Radio Show'', ''Looney Rock'')"Keith Scott-"The One-Man Crowd""
Retrieved 15 September 2020.
* Greg Burson ('' Looney Tunes River Ride'', ''
Animaniacs ''Animaniacs'' is an American Animated series, animated Comedy television, comedy Musical film, musical television series created by Tom Ruegger and produced by Warner Bros. Television Animation. It originally aired on Fox Broadcasting Company ...
'', ABC promo, '' Warner Bros. Kids Club'') * J. J. Sedelmaier (
Cartoon Network Cartoon Network (CN) is an American cable television television channel, channel and the flagship property of the Cartoon Network, Inc., a sub-division of the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. It launched on ...
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* Maurice LaMarche ('' Yosemite Sam and the Gold River Adventure!'', ''Bugs Bunny: Stowaway'' read-along, ''Tiny Toon Adventures'', '' Taz-Mania'', '' Carrotblanca'' read-along, ''Carrotblanca'' short, '' The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries'', ''The Looney West'', ''Bugs Bunny's Learning Adventures'', ''Warner Bros. Sing-Along: Quest for Camelot'', ''Warner Bros. Sing-Along: Looney Tunes'', '' Duck Dodgers'', '' Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas'', '' The Looney Tunes Show'', '' Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run'', '' Wabbit (Season 1)'', various video games, webtoons, and commercials)Archived a
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* Jim Cummings ('' The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries'', ''Animaniacs'', '' Tweety's High-Flying Adventure'', ''Scooby Doo and Looney Tunes Cartoon Universe: Adventure'') * Bill Farmer ('' Space Jam'') * Frank Gorshin ('' From Hare to Eternity'') * Marc Silk (
Cartoon Network Cartoon Network (CN) is an American cable television television channel, channel and the flagship property of the Cartoon Network, Inc., a sub-division of the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. It launched on ...
bumpers) * Will Ryan (''You Don't Know Doc! ACME Wise-Guy Edition'', ''You Don't Know Doc! Coast-to-Coast Edition'', ''Crash! Bang! Boom! The Best of WB Sound FX'') * Jeff Bennett ( Wendy's commercial, '' Looney Tunes: Back in Action'', '' Hare and Loathing in Las Vegas'',
Boomerang A boomerang () is a thrown tool typically constructed with airfoil sections and designed to spin about an axis perpendicular to the direction of its flight, designed to return to the thrower. The origin of the word is from Australian Aborigin ...
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) * Seth MacFarlane (''
Family Guy ''Family Guy'' is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series premiered on January 31, 1999, following Super Bowl XXXIII, with the rest of the first season airing from April 11, 1999. Th ...
'') * Gary Martin ('' Looney Tunes Take-Over Weekend'' promotion) * Seth Green (''
Robot Chicken ''Robot Chicken'' is an American adult animation, adult stop motion, stop-motion animated sketch comedy television series created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich for Cartoon Network's nighttime programming block Adult Swim. The twelve-minute ...
'') * Fred Tatasciore ('' New Looney Tunes (Season 2-3)'', Converse commercials, '' Looney Tunes Cartoons'', '' Tiny Toons Looniversity'', ''
Teen Titans Go! ''Teen Titans Go!'' is an American animated television series developed by Aaron Horvath and Michael Jelenic for Cartoon Network. It premiered on April 23, 2013, and is based on DC Comics' fictional superhero team the Teen Titans. The series ...
'', ''Looney Tunes: Wacky World of Sports'') * Eric Bauza (''Looney Tunes: World of Mayhem'')


Notes


References

{{Authority control Animated human characters Fictional cowboys and cowgirls Film characters introduced in 1945 Animated characters introduced in 1945 Looney Tunes characters Male characters in animated films Western (genre) gunfighters Western (genre) outlaws Characters created by Friz Freleng Villains in animated television series Fictional characters with dwarfism