The Xinhai Lhasa turmoil (; ), also known as the First Expulsion of the Han (), was a series of mutinies among Qing military troops stationed in

Lhasa Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa (city), Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China. Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining ...

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

, followed by the military conflict between Tibetan militia and Qing garrison. It effectively resulted in the end of Qing rule in Tibet.

Background

The Wuchang Uprising unfolded on October 10, 1911, and marked the beginning of the

Xinhai Revolution The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC). The revolution was the culmination of a decade ...

. Turmoil in the frontier regions of China began to spread. The revolutionaries led by

Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-senUsually known as Sun Zhongshan () in Chinese; also known by Names of Sun Yat-sen, several other names. (; 12 November 186612 March 1925) was a Chinese physician, revolutionary, statesman, and political philosopher who founded the Republ ...

insisted on "getting rid of the Tartars" and rejected the

Manchus The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) an ...

, creating a new government based completely on Han-dominated

China proper China proper, also called Inner China, are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast. The term was first used by Westerners during the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dyn ...

Turmoil in Tibet

The influence of the Wuchang Uprising rapidly spread to the frontier region. Qing armies in Tibet ended up struggling against each other, and as a result, Tibet fell into a state of anarchy. In the winter of 1911, the Qing Governor of

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

, Zhao Erfeng, was executed by radicals, and the situation turned worse as Xikang fell into turmoil as well. The last Qing emperor,

Puyi Puyi (7 February 190617 October 1967) was the final emperor of China, reigning as the eleventh monarch of the Qing dynasty from 1908 to 1912. When the Guangxu Emperor died without an heir, Empress Dowager Cixi picked his nephew Puyi, aged tw ...

, also abdicated in February 1912. As a result, the

Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama (, ; ) is the head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The term is part of the full title "Holiness Knowing Everything Vajradhara Dalai Lama" (圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛) given by Altan Khan, the first Shu ...

was able to eliminate Qing influence in Tibet and return as the sole administrator of the region. Tibetan militia besieged the station of Qing army, which was unable to resist Dalai Lama's forces. In August 1912, the Qing officials in Lhasa were then forced to sign the "Three Point Agreement" for the surrender and expulsion of Qing forces in Tibet. Finally, all officers and soldiers of Qing fled back to

via India.

References

{{Tibet topics 1910s in Tibet 1912 in China Rebellions in the Qing dynasty Separatism in China Tibet under Qing rule

Background

Turmoil in Tibet

See also

References