Xing An (eunuch)
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Xing An (; ; 1389–1459), a native of
Đại Việt Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), was a Vietnamese monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day Hanoi. Its early name, Đại Cồ Việt,(ch ...
(present-day northern
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
), was a
Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...
eunuch. He was born in 1389 and arrived in China from Đại Việt in 1407. In 1426, he was appointed as Personel Eunuch Attendant () and Chief Steward (), responsible for managing the treasury. In 1436, when Emperor Yingzong ascended the throne, he and the eunuch
Jin Ying Jin Ying () is a Chinese Sanshou, Sanda Kickboxing, kickboxer, who has throughout his career fought almost exclusively with Wu Lin Feng. He was the 2020 in Wu Lin Feng#Wu Lin Feng 2020: King's Super Cup Final, 2020 WLF King's Cup Runner-up. As o ...
were both favored and trusted. In the autumn of 1449, Emperor Yingzong was captured by the Oirats during the
Tumu Crisis The Crisis of the Tumu Fortress, also known as the Tumu Crisis, or the Jisi Incident, was a border conflict between the Oirat Mongols and the Ming dynasty. In July 1449, Esen Taishi, leader of the Oirat Mongols, launched a large-scale, three-pro ...
. Zhu Qiyu, Prince of Cheng, requested that he and Jin Ying to gather the court officials to discuss state affairs. Reader-in-waiting Xu Cheng suggested moving south, but was rebuked by Xing An, who said, "Anyone who dares to suggest relocation will be executed". Xing An then went to inform Empress Dowager Sun and advised Prince of Cheng to appoint
Yu Qian Yu Qian (; 1398–1457), courtesy name Tingyi (廷益), art name Jie'an (節庵), was a Chinese official who served under the Ming dynasty. Under Emperor Yingzong, he worked in the Ministry of War, eventually becoming a vice minister. He distin ...
to prepare for war and defense. In 1450, the leader of the Oirats, Esen, besieged the capital and reached the Deshengmen. The Jingtai Emperor ordered Xing An and Li Yongchang () to work together with Yu Qian and Shi Heng to manage military affairs. Esen sent envoys to negotiate peace and wanted to return Emperor Yingzong. When the court discussed appointing envoys to go on the mission, the Jingtai Emperor asked him to come out and speak to the courtiers, saying, "Who among you is suitable to respond to the envoy? Who can be like
Wen Tianxiang Wen Tianxiang (; June 6, 1236 – January 9, 1283), noble title Duke of Xin (), was a Chinese statesman, poet and politician in the last years of the Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279, Southern Song dynasty. For his resistance to Kublai K ...
and Fu Bi?" Wang Zhi said that his scolding of the courtiers was inappropriate, and Xing An was speechless. Chief Supervising Secretary Li Shi () was sent to deliver a message, but the edict did not mention the return of the former emperor. Li Shi was greatly surprised and asked for clarification at the
Grand Secretariat The Grand Secretariat, or the Cabinet (), was nominally a coordinating agency but ''de facto'' the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the office of Ch ...
, where he met Xing An on the way. Xing An told him, "Just follow the decree and don't worry about anything else". Later, the Jingtai Emperor wanted to crown his son Zhu Jianji as the crown prince, and many suspected that he was involved in the conspiracy. Xing An possesses moral integrity and recognizes Yu Qian's virtuous character, making every effort to protect him. In 1456, he was ordered to visit the critically ill Yu Qian with Shu Liang (). In 1457, Emperor Yingzong was restored to the throne, and the eunuchs Wang Cheng (), Shu Liang, Zhang Yong (), Wang Qin (), and others who had been trusted by the Jingtai Emperor were executed. They were said to be involved in changing the crown prince and conspired with Yu Qian and Wang Wen () to enthrone a vassal prince. The supervising secretaries and censors accused Xing An, Wang Cheng, and Shu Liang of being accomplices and should be punished together. However, Emperor Yingzong took into consideration Xing An's old age and showed leniency by only stripping him of his positions and allowing him to retire. He died in 1459.


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* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Xing, An Ming dynasty eunuchs 1389 births 1459 deaths