The X Army Corps was a military formation belonging to the

Spanish Republican Army The Spanish Republican Army () was the main branch of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939. It became known as People's Army of the Republic (''Ejército Popular de la República'' ...

that fought during the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

. During the war it was deployed on the fronts of Aragon, Segre and Catalonia.

History

The unit was created in June 1937, within the Eastern Army. It covered the front line that ran from the French border to the Sierra de Alcubierre, with its headquarters in

Barbastro Barbastro (Latin: ''Barbastrum'' or ''Civitas Barbastrensis'', Aragonese: ''Balbastro'') is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city (also known originally as Barbastra or Bergiduna) is at the junction of the rivers C ...

. During the following months some of its forces intervened in the offensives of

Huesca Huesca (; ) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Aragon between 1096 and 1118. It is also the capital of the Spanish Huesca (province), ...

(June),

Zaragoza Zaragoza (), traditionally known in English as Saragossa ( ), is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the ...

(August) and

Biescas Biescas () is a municipality of northeastern Spain close to the border with France, in the midst of the Pyrenees in the province of Huesca. The name seems to provide from the term ''bizka'', which means "hill" in a Proto-Indo-European language. T ...

(September-October), which, however, did not bear the desired results: both

and

Jaca Jaca (; in Aragonese language, Aragonese: ''Chaca'' or ''Xaca'') is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca (province), Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón (river), ...

remained in the hands of the

nationalist Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation,Anthony D. Smith, Smith, A ...

forces. In the spring of 1938, during the Aragon Campaign, the X Army Corps performed poorly. From the first moment its forces fell back from the enemy push, particularly the 31st Division, whose withdrawal —Which eventually became a rout— left the southern flank of the 43rd Division unprotected. At the beginning of

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days. April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the ...

the X Army Corps, after a long retreat, they maintained their positions on the defensive line of the

Segre River The Segre ( ; ) is a river tributary to the Ebro (''Ebre'' in Catalan) with a basin comprising territories across three states: France, Andorra, and Spain. The river Segre, known to Romans and Greeks as Sicoris, and to the Arabs of Al-Andalus ...

. Some elements of its 34th Division intervened in the Balaguer Offensive at the end of

May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the Southern Hemisphere is the ...

. At the beginning of the Catalonia Campaign the X Army Corps continued to cover the Segre line. Its troops offered resistance to the nationalist assault, although at the beginning of

1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...

the formation was forced to withdraw towards the French border along with the rest of the Eastern Army.

Command

; Commanders * José González Morales; * Juan Perea Capulino; *

Miguel Gallo Martínez --> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael. It may refer to: Places * Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands * São Miguel (disam ...

; * Rafael Trigueros Sánchez-Rojas; * Gregorio Jover Cortés; ; Commissars * Julián Borderas Pallaruelo, of the PSOE; * Gregorio Villacampa Gracia, of the CNT; * Juan Manuel Molina, of the CNT; ; Chiefs of Staff * Joaquín Alonso García; * Pascual Miñana de la Concepción; * Magín Doménech Pujol; * Enrique López Pérez;

Order of Battle

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * {{Corps of the Spanish Republic, state=expanded Military units and formations established in 1937 Military units and formations disestablished in 1939 Corps of Spain Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Military history of Spain Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic 1937 establishments in Spain 1939 disestablishments in Spain